CentOS7安装Python3(保留Python2)
查看当前python版本
[root@localhost]# python -V
查看路径
[root@localhost]# which python
[root@localhost]# cd /usr/bin/
确定当前python的依赖
[root@localhost bin]# ll python*
安装依赖
[root@localhost bin]# yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gcc make
备份python2
[root@localhost bin]# mv python python.bak
新建python3目录
[root@localhost bin]# mkdir /usr/local/python3
[root@localhost bin]# cd /usr/local/python3/
下载python3
[root@localhost python3]# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.3/Python-3.6.3.tgz
[root@localhost python3]# tar -xvf Python-3.6.3.tgz
编译安装
[root@localhost python3]# cd Python-3.6.3
[root@localhost Python-3.6.3]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3Dir
[root@localhost Python-3.6.3]# make
[root@localhost Python-3.6.3]# make install
创建软连接
[root@localhost Python-3.6.3]# ln -s /usr/local/python3Dir/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python
测试(键入python默认打开python3 , 键入python2才是python2.7)
[root@localhost bin]# python
Python 3.6.3 (default, Apr 9 2019, 11:33:44)
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-36)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>
[root@localhost bin]# python2
Python 2.7.5 (default, Oct 30 2018, 23:45:53)
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-36)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>
前面将系统预安装的 Python 修改为了 python2 所以咱们要修改相应的配置文件,要不然后面的操作会报错(修改之前最好先做好备份)
修改yum文件
[root@localhost bin]# sudo vi /usr/bin/yum
#将第一行指定的python版本改为python2.7
#!/usr/bin/python 改为 #!/usr/bin/python2.7
urlgrabber文件修改
[root@localhost bin]# sudo vi /usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down
#将第一行指定的python版本改为python2.7
yum-config-manager修改
[root@localhost bin]# sudo vi /usr/bin/yum-config-manager
#将第一行指定的python版本改为python2.7
如果已安装了pip(python2.7的),需要将/usr/bin/pip文件中的python该为2.7
#!/usr/bin/python2.7
安装pip3
[root@localhost bin]# cd /usr/local/python3/
下载安装setuptools
[root@localhost python3]# wget --no-check-certificate https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/s/setuptools/setuptools-19.6.tar.gz#md5=c607dd118eae682c44ed146367a17e26
[root@localhost python3]# tar -zxvf setuptools-19.6.tar.gz
[root@localhost python3]# cd setuptools-19.6
[root@localhost setuptools-19.6]# python3 setup.py build
[root@localhost setuptools-19.6]#python3 setup.py install
[root@localhost bin]# cd /usr/local/python3/
再安装pip
[root@localhost python3]# wget --no-check-certificate https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/pip/pip-8.0.2.tar.gz#md5=3a73c4188f8dbad6a1e6f6d44d117eeb
[root@localhost python3]# tar -zxvf pip-8.0.2.tar.gz
[root@localhost python3]# cd pip-8.0.2
[root@localhost pip-8.0.2]# python3 setup.py build
[root@localhost pip-8.0.2]# python3 setup.py install
安装完的pip3路径为/usr/local/python3Dir/bin/pip3
为pip3创建软连接
[root@localhost bin]# ln -s /usr/local/python3Dir/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3
测试
[root@localhost bin]# pip -V
pip 19.0.3 from /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-19.0.3-py2.7.egg/pip (python 2.7)
[root@localhost bin]# pip3 -V
pip 19.0.3 from /usr/local/python3Dir/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip (python 3.6)