平台设备驱动注册及使用分析

简介:

  platform总线是一种虚拟的总线,相应的设备则为platform_device,而驱动则为platform_driver。Linux 2.6的设备驱动模型中,把I2C、RTC、LCD等都归纳为platform_device。

  总线将设备和驱动绑定,在系统每注册一个设备的时候,会寻找与之匹配的驱动;相反的,在系统每注册一个驱动的时候,会寻找与之匹配的设备,而匹配由总线完成。

实现:

  Linux2.6系统中定义了一个bus_type的实例platform_bus_type

struct bus_type platform_bus_type = {

.name = "platform",

.dev_attrs = platform_dev_attrs,

.match = platform_match, //设备和驱动使用match函数来判断是否匹配

.uevent = platform_uevent,

.pm = PLATFORM_PM_OPS_PTR,

};

 

  /* platform_match函数用于匹配总线中的驱动和设备 */

static int platform_match(struct device *dev, struct device_driver *drv)

{

struct platform_device *pdev = to_platform_device(dev);

struct platform_driver *pdrv = to_platform_driver(drv);

 

/* match against the id table first */

if (pdrv->id_table)

return platform_match_id(pdrv->id_table, pdev) != NULL;

 

/* fall-back to driver name match */

return (strcmp(pdev->name, drv->name) == 0);

}

  platform_match函数首先判断是否由id_table,如果有则使用id_table来进行匹配,否则,判断platform_device和platform_driver成员里的name,如果二者的name字段相同则匹配,如果匹配则调用platform_driver的probe函数。 

  platform_device结构体的定义

struct platform_device {

const char * name; /* 名字 */

int id;

struct device dev;

u32 num_resources; /* 资源总数 */

struct resource * resource; /* 资源 */

 

struct platform_device_id *id_entry;

};

  其中有个重要的成员是resource,是设备的资源信息,如IO地址,中断号等。

struct resource {

resource_size_t start; //资源的起始值

resource_size_t end; //资源的结束值

const char *name;

unsigned long flags; //资源的类型,如IORESOURCE_IO,IORESOURCE_MEM,IORESOURCE_IRQ,IORESOURCE_DMA

struct resource *parent, *sibling, *child;

};

  有的设备可能有多个资源,通常使用platform_get_resource函数来获取资源

/**

 * platform_get_resource - get a resource for a device

 * @dev: platform device

 * @type: resource type

 * @num: resource index

 */

struct resource *platform_get_resource(struct platform_device *dev,

       unsigned int type, unsigned int num)

{

int i;

 

for (i = 0; i < dev->num_resources; i++) {

struct resource *r = &dev->resource[i];

 

if (type == resource_type(r) && num-- == 0)

return r;

}

return NULL;

}

 

  平台设备的注册,使用platform_device_register函数

int platform_device_register(struct platform_device *pdev)

{

device_initialize(&pdev->dev);

return platform_device_add(pdev);

}

platform_device_register函数先通过device_initialize函数初始化platform_device的device成员,然后调用platform_device_add向内核添加一个平台设备。

int platform_device_add(struct platform_device *pdev)

{

int i, ret = 0;

 

if (!pdev) /* 如果pdev为空则返回EINVAL */

return -EINVAL;

 

/* 如果pdev->dev.parent为空则将pdev->dev.parent设置为platform_bus */

if (!pdev->dev.parent)

pdev->dev.parent = &platform_bus;

 

pdev->dev.bus = &platform_bus_type; /* 设置总线类型 */

 

if (pdev->id != -1) /* 如果id = -1则表示自动分配name */

dev_set_name(&pdev->dev, "%s.%d", pdev->name,  pdev->id);

else

dev_set_name(&pdev->dev, pdev->name);

 

for (i = 0; i < pdev->num_resources; i++) {

struct resource *p, *r = &pdev->resource[i]; /* 获取资源 */

 

if (r->name == NULL)

r->name = dev_name(&pdev->dev);

 

p = r->parent;

if (!p) {

if (resource_type(r) == IORESOURCE_MEM) /* 设置资源类型 */

p = &iomem_resource;

else if (resource_type(r) == IORESOURCE_IO)

p = &ioport_resource;

}

 

if (p && insert_resource(p, r)) {

printk(KERN_ERR

       "%s: failed to claim resource %d\n",

       dev_name(&pdev->dev), i);

ret = -EBUSY;

goto failed;

}

}

 

pr_debug("Registering platform device '%s'. Parent at %s\n",

 dev_name(&pdev->dev), dev_name(pdev->dev.parent));

 

/* 向内核添加一个device */

ret = device_add(&pdev->dev);

if (ret == 0)

return ret;

 

 failed:

while (--i >= 0) {

struct resource *r = &pdev->resource[i];

unsigned long type = resource_type(r);

 

if (type == IORESOURCE_MEM || type == IORESOURCE_IO)

release_resource(r);

}

 

return ret;

}

  platform_device_add最终调用device_add来完成平台设备的注册。

   相反地,如果要注销平台设备则使用platform_device_unregister函数

void platform_device_unregister(struct platform_device *pdev)

{

platform_device_del(pdev);

platform_device_put(pdev);

}

platform_device_unregister函数调用platform_device_del函数来注销平台设备

void platform_device_del(struct platform_device *pdev)

{

int i;

 

if (pdev) {

device_del(&pdev->dev);

 

for (i = 0; i < pdev->num_resources; i++) {

struct resource *r = &pdev->resource[i];

unsigned long type = resource_type(r);

 

if (type == IORESOURCE_MEM || type == IORESOURCE_IO)

release_resource(r);

}

}

}

 

  platform_device_del函数调用device_del函数来删除平台设备,相应地,要释放资源应调用release_resource函数,前提是资源的类型必须为IORESOURCE_MEM或者IORESOURCE_IO

platform_driver的定义:

struct platform_driver {

int (*probe)(struct platform_device *);

int (*remove)(struct platform_device *);

void (*shutdown)(struct platform_device *);

int (*suspend)(struct platform_device *, pm_message_t state);

int (*resume)(struct platform_device *);

struct device_driver driver;

const struct platform_device_id *id_table;

};

 

device_driver的定义: 

struct device_driver {

const char *name;

struct bus_type *bus;

 

struct module *owner;

const char *mod_name; /* used for built-in modules */

 

bool suppress_bind_attrs; /* disables bind/unbind via sysfs */

 

const struct of_device_id *of_match_table;

const struct acpi_device_id *acpi_match_table;

 

int (*probe) (struct device *dev);

int (*remove) (struct device *dev);

void (*shutdown) (struct device *dev);

int (*suspend) (struct device *dev, pm_message_t state);

int (*resume) (struct device *dev);

const struct attribute_group **groups;

 

const struct dev_pm_ops *pm;

 

struct driver_private *p;

};

 

  platform_driver结构体有device_driver成员,该成员的各自字段如上所示,device_driver也有probe、remove、shutdown等函数,在平台驱动注册的时候被初始化。 

  前面说过,当系统中存在有平台设备平台驱动通过总线的match函数匹配后则会调用platform_driver的probe函数,参数为platform_device,有时候也通过id_table来判断是否匹配。

struct platform_device_id {

char name[PLATFORM_NAME_SIZE];

kernel_ulong_t driver_data

__attribute__((aligned(sizeof(kernel_ulong_t))));

};

 

  平台驱动的注册使用platform_driver_register函数

int platform_driver_register(struct platform_driver *drv)

{

drv->driver.bus = &platform_bus_type;

if (drv->probe)

drv->driver.probe = platform_drv_probe;

if (drv->remove)

drv->driver.remove = platform_drv_remove;

if (drv->shutdown)

drv->driver.shutdown = platform_drv_shutdown;

if (drv->suspend)

drv->driver.suspend = platform_drv_suspend;

if (drv->resume)

drv->driver.resume = platform_drv_resume;

return driver_register(&drv->driver);

}

 

  先初始化platform_driver里的driver,该driver的类型为device_driver,设置driver的bus为platform_bus_type;设置driver的probe为platform_drv_probe;设置driver的remove为platform_drv_remove;设置driver的shutdown为platform_drv_shutdown;设置driver的suspend为platform_drv_suspend;设置driver的resume为platform_drv_resume,最后调用driver_register函数来注册平台驱动。 

  相反地,要注销平台驱动的话,使用platform_driver_unregister函数

void platform_driver_unregister(struct platform_driver *drv)

{

driver_unregister(&drv->driver);

}

 

posted @ 2017-10-29 10:54  Edver  阅读(1460)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报