平台设备驱动注册及使用分析
简介:
platform总线是一种虚拟的总线,相应的设备则为platform_device,而驱动则为platform_driver。Linux 2.6的设备驱动模型中,把I2C、RTC、LCD等都归纳为platform_device。
总线将设备和驱动绑定,在系统每注册一个设备的时候,会寻找与之匹配的驱动;相反的,在系统每注册一个驱动的时候,会寻找与之匹配的设备,而匹配由总线完成。
实现:
Linux2.6系统中定义了一个bus_type的实例platform_bus_type
struct bus_type platform_bus_type = { .name = "platform", .dev_attrs = platform_dev_attrs, .match = platform_match, //设备和驱动使用match函数来判断是否匹配 .uevent = platform_uevent, .pm = PLATFORM_PM_OPS_PTR, };
/* platform_match函数用于匹配总线中的驱动和设备 */
static int platform_match(struct device *dev, struct device_driver *drv) { struct platform_device *pdev = to_platform_device(dev); struct platform_driver *pdrv = to_platform_driver(drv); /* match against the id table first */ if (pdrv->id_table) return platform_match_id(pdrv->id_table, pdev) != NULL; /* fall-back to driver name match */ return (strcmp(pdev->name, drv->name) == 0); }
platform_match函数首先判断是否由id_table,如果有则使用id_table来进行匹配,否则,判断platform_device和platform_driver成员里的name,如果二者的name字段相同则匹配,如果匹配则调用platform_driver的probe函数。
platform_device结构体的定义
struct platform_device { const char * name; /* 名字 */ int id; struct device dev; u32 num_resources; /* 资源总数 */ struct resource * resource; /* 资源 */ struct platform_device_id *id_entry; };
其中有个重要的成员是resource,是设备的资源信息,如IO地址,中断号等。
struct resource { resource_size_t start; //资源的起始值 resource_size_t end; //资源的结束值 const char *name; unsigned long flags; //资源的类型,如IORESOURCE_IO,IORESOURCE_MEM,IORESOURCE_IRQ,IORESOURCE_DMA struct resource *parent, *sibling, *child; };
有的设备可能有多个资源,通常使用platform_get_resource函数来获取资源
/** * platform_get_resource - get a resource for a device * @dev: platform device * @type: resource type * @num: resource index */ struct resource *platform_get_resource(struct platform_device *dev, unsigned int type, unsigned int num) { int i; for (i = 0; i < dev->num_resources; i++) { struct resource *r = &dev->resource[i]; if (type == resource_type(r) && num-- == 0) return r; } return NULL; }
平台设备的注册,使用platform_device_register函数
int platform_device_register(struct platform_device *pdev) { device_initialize(&pdev->dev); return platform_device_add(pdev); } platform_device_register函数先通过device_initialize函数初始化platform_device的device成员,然后调用platform_device_add向内核添加一个平台设备。 int platform_device_add(struct platform_device *pdev) { int i, ret = 0; if (!pdev) /* 如果pdev为空则返回EINVAL */ return -EINVAL; /* 如果pdev->dev.parent为空则将pdev->dev.parent设置为platform_bus */ if (!pdev->dev.parent) pdev->dev.parent = &platform_bus; pdev->dev.bus = &platform_bus_type; /* 设置总线类型 */ if (pdev->id != -1) /* 如果id = -1则表示自动分配name */ dev_set_name(&pdev->dev, "%s.%d", pdev->name, pdev->id); else dev_set_name(&pdev->dev, pdev->name); for (i = 0; i < pdev->num_resources; i++) { struct resource *p, *r = &pdev->resource[i]; /* 获取资源 */ if (r->name == NULL) r->name = dev_name(&pdev->dev); p = r->parent; if (!p) { if (resource_type(r) == IORESOURCE_MEM) /* 设置资源类型 */ p = &iomem_resource; else if (resource_type(r) == IORESOURCE_IO) p = &ioport_resource; } if (p && insert_resource(p, r)) { printk(KERN_ERR "%s: failed to claim resource %d\n", dev_name(&pdev->dev), i); ret = -EBUSY; goto failed; } } pr_debug("Registering platform device '%s'. Parent at %s\n", dev_name(&pdev->dev), dev_name(pdev->dev.parent)); /* 向内核添加一个device */ ret = device_add(&pdev->dev); if (ret == 0) return ret; failed: while (--i >= 0) { struct resource *r = &pdev->resource[i]; unsigned long type = resource_type(r); if (type == IORESOURCE_MEM || type == IORESOURCE_IO) release_resource(r); } return ret; }
platform_device_add最终调用device_add来完成平台设备的注册。
相反地,如果要注销平台设备则使用platform_device_unregister函数
void platform_device_unregister(struct platform_device *pdev) { platform_device_del(pdev); platform_device_put(pdev); } platform_device_unregister函数调用platform_device_del函数来注销平台设备 void platform_device_del(struct platform_device *pdev) { int i; if (pdev) { device_del(&pdev->dev); for (i = 0; i < pdev->num_resources; i++) { struct resource *r = &pdev->resource[i]; unsigned long type = resource_type(r); if (type == IORESOURCE_MEM || type == IORESOURCE_IO) release_resource(r); } } }
platform_device_del函数调用device_del函数来删除平台设备,相应地,要释放资源应调用release_resource函数,前提是资源的类型必须为IORESOURCE_MEM或者IORESOURCE_IO
platform_driver的定义: struct platform_driver { int (*probe)(struct platform_device *); int (*remove)(struct platform_device *); void (*shutdown)(struct platform_device *); int (*suspend)(struct platform_device *, pm_message_t state); int (*resume)(struct platform_device *); struct device_driver driver; const struct platform_device_id *id_table; }; device_driver的定义: struct device_driver { const char *name; struct bus_type *bus; struct module *owner; const char *mod_name; /* used for built-in modules */ bool suppress_bind_attrs; /* disables bind/unbind via sysfs */ const struct of_device_id *of_match_table; const struct acpi_device_id *acpi_match_table; int (*probe) (struct device *dev); int (*remove) (struct device *dev); void (*shutdown) (struct device *dev); int (*suspend) (struct device *dev, pm_message_t state); int (*resume) (struct device *dev); const struct attribute_group **groups; const struct dev_pm_ops *pm; struct driver_private *p; };
platform_driver结构体有device_driver成员,该成员的各自字段如上所示,device_driver也有probe、remove、shutdown等函数,在平台驱动注册的时候被初始化。
前面说过,当系统中存在有平台设备和平台驱动通过总线的match函数匹配后则会调用platform_driver的probe函数,参数为platform_device,有时候也通过id_table来判断是否匹配。
struct platform_device_id { char name[PLATFORM_NAME_SIZE]; kernel_ulong_t driver_data __attribute__((aligned(sizeof(kernel_ulong_t)))); };
平台驱动的注册使用platform_driver_register函数
int platform_driver_register(struct platform_driver *drv) { drv->driver.bus = &platform_bus_type; if (drv->probe) drv->driver.probe = platform_drv_probe; if (drv->remove) drv->driver.remove = platform_drv_remove; if (drv->shutdown) drv->driver.shutdown = platform_drv_shutdown; if (drv->suspend) drv->driver.suspend = platform_drv_suspend; if (drv->resume) drv->driver.resume = platform_drv_resume; return driver_register(&drv->driver); }
先初始化platform_driver里的driver,该driver的类型为device_driver,设置driver的bus为platform_bus_type;设置driver的probe为platform_drv_probe;设置driver的remove为platform_drv_remove;设置driver的shutdown为platform_drv_shutdown;设置driver的suspend为platform_drv_suspend;设置driver的resume为platform_drv_resume,最后调用driver_register函数来注册平台驱动。
相反地,要注销平台驱动的话,使用platform_driver_unregister函数
void platform_driver_unregister(struct platform_driver *drv) { driver_unregister(&drv->driver); }