docker | 打包容器\提交镜像\拉取镜像(阿里云)

这里做个人示例演示

1.查看本地镜像

[root@echohye ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
hello-world   latest    feb5d9fea6a5   10 months ago   13.3kB
centos        latest    5d0da3dc9764   11 months ago   231MB

2.查看当前运行镜像容器

[root@echohye ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES

3.查看之前运行的容器，并运行装有vim的容器

# 查看之前运行的容器
[root@echohye ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE         COMMAND       CREATED              STATUS                        PORTS     NAMES
70a649ed185e   centos        "/bin/bash"   16 hours ago         Exited (0) 7 minutes ago                linux

# 运行该容器
[root@echohye ~]# docker start 70a649ed185e
70a649ed185e

# 查看当前运行的容器
[root@echohye ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED        STATUS              PORTS     NAMES
70a649ed185e   centos    "/bin/bash"   16 hours ago   Up About a minute             linux

# 进入该容器
[root@echohye ~]# docker exec -it 70a649ed185e /bin/bash

[root@70a649ed185e /]# ls
bin   dev  home  lib64       media  opt   root  sbin  sys  usr
boot  etc  lib   lost+found  mnt    proc  run   srv   tmp  var

# 因为之前安装了vim，所以这里演示创建文本文件并读取
[root@70a649ed185e /]# vim /home/test.txt
[root@70a649ed185e /]# cat /home/test.txt
hello world!

4.将容器打包成镜像

# 停止运行该容器
[root@echohye ~]# docker stop 70a649ed185e
70a649ed185e

[root@echohye ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES

# 打包成镜像
[root@echohye ~]# docker commit -m="vim cmd add ok" -a='echohye' 70a649ed185e echogye/mycentos:1.0
sha256:8ff2df30dfccb1913396835f0968b9c298d0126d0b5d489af3ec26883104743c

# 查看当前容器镜像
[root@echohye ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY         TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED          SIZE
echogye/mycentos   1.0       8ff2df30dfcc   45 seconds ago   559MB   <<< -- 这个就是了
hello-world        latest    feb5d9fea6a5   10 months ago    13.3kB
centos             latest    5d0da3dc9764   11 months ago    231MB

5.登录阿里云Docker Registry

密码需要设置好，以及创建好命名空间和镜像仓库

[root@echohye ~]# docker login --username=echohye registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com
Password:
WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.
Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store

Login Succeeded

6.将镜像推送到Registry

请根据实际镜像信息替换示例中的[ImageId]和[镜像版本号]参数

[root@echohye ~]# docker tag 8ff2df30dfcc registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/echohye/test:1.0
[root@echohye ~]# docker push registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/echohye/test:1.0
The push refers to repository [registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/echohye/test]
f72b1f0683be: Pushed
74ddd0ec08fa: Pushed
1.0: digest: sha256:1536b6402409534284dc7b46c2fd5624bfe22fd800afd782cd1f05bba7d84625 size: 742

7.从Registry中拉取镜像

# 查看本地镜像
[root@echohye ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY                                       TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED          SIZE
echogye/mycentos                                 1.0       8ff2df30dfcc   12 minutes ago   559MB
registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/echohye/test   1.0       8ff2df30dfcc   12 minutes ago   559MB
hello-world                                      latest    feb5d9fea6a5   10 months ago    13.3kB
centos                                           latest    5d0da3dc9764   11 months ago    231MB

# 删除刚刚上传的镜像
[root@echohye ~]# docker rmi -f 8ff2df30dfcc
Untagged: echogye/mycentos:1.0
Untagged: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/echohye/test:1.0
Untagged: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/echohye/test@sha256:1536b6402409534284dc7b46c2fd5624bfe22fd800afd782cd1f05bba7d84625
Deleted: sha256:8ff2df30dfccb1913396835f0968b9c298d0126d0b5d489af3ec26883104743c
Deleted: sha256:d68ad411ae67d03be3e95a10f49ccf7006f1c516cf8de82a7c86cb73aa44b748

# 再次查看本地镜像
[root@echohye ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
hello-world   latest    feb5d9fea6a5   10 months ago   13.3kB
centos        latest    5d0da3dc9764   11 months ago   231MB

# 拉取前面上传的镜像
[root@echohye ~]# docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/echohye/test:1.0
1.0: Pulling from echohye/test
a1d0c7532777: Already exists
b7f9a39f2c4f: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:1536b6402409534284dc7b46c2fd5624bfe22fd800afd782cd1f05bba7d84625
Status: Downloaded newer image for registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/echohye/test:1.0
registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/echohye/test:1.0

# 再次查看本地镜像，发现已经拉取下来了
[root@echohye ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY                                       TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED          SIZE
registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/echohye/test   1.0       8ff2df30dfcc   19 minutes ago   559MB
hello-world                                      latest    feb5d9fea6a5   10 months ago    13.3kB
centos                                           latest    5d0da3dc9764   11 months ago    231MB

大家发现了没有，a1d0c7532777这个id所映射的镜像，就是本地的centos镜像，因为本地有了，所以显示Already exists，拉取的时候不会再下载，而是直接复用本地的镜像，这就是docker的分层镜像的巧妙之处其一。

8.运行拉取下来的镜像，看看之前的test.txt文件是否还存在

# 运行并进入容器
[root@echohye ~]# docker run -it 8ff2df30dfcc /bin/bash

# 查看test.txt文本文件
[root@8c3cb9be3405 /]# cat /home/test.txt
hello world!

输出了hello world!，说明了文本文件是存在的，也就是这个镜像是之前的完全复制品

一次上传，处处运行！