如何在Apache中创建和安装自签名证书
步骤1：安装mod_ssl包
要设置SSL证书，请确保在系统上安装了mod_ssl。如果尚未安装，需要使用以下命令进行安装。另外，安装openssl包来创建证书。
$ sudo apt-get install openssl # Debian based systems
$ sudo yum install mod_ssl openssl # Redhat / CentOS systems
$ sudo dnf install mod_ssl openssl # Fedora 22+ systems
步骤2：创建自签名证书
安装mod_ssl和openssl后，使用以下命令为你的域创建一个自签名证书。
$ sudo mkdir -p /etc/pki/tls/certs
$ sudo cd /etc/pki/tls/certs
现在创建SSL证书
$ sudo openssl req -x509 -nodes -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout example.key -out example.crt
输出
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
....................................+++
...................................+++
writing new private key to 'example.key'
-----
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]: IN
State or Province Name (full name) []: Delhi
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]: Delhi
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]: TecAdmin
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []: blog
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []: example
Email Address []: admin@example
上面的命令将在当前目录中创建一个ssl密钥文件example.key和一个证书文件example.crt。
步骤3：在Apache中安装自签名证书
现在拥有了自签名SSL证书和密钥文件。接下来编辑Apache SSL配置文件并按照以下指令进行编辑/更新。
Apache虚拟主机配置：
ServerAdmin admin@example
ServerName example
ServerAlias example
DocumentRoot /var/www/html
SSLEngine on
SSLCertificateFile /etc/pki/tls/certs/example.crt
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/certs/example.key
步骤4：重启Apache
如果上面的命令没有显示任何错误，请重新启动Apache服务。
$ sudo systemctl restart apache2 # Debian based systems
$ sudo systemctl restart httpd # Redhat based systems
步骤5：使用https测试网站
最后，使用https在你的Web浏览器中打开你的站点。它需要打开端口443才能使用HTTPS访问站点。
example
当我们使用自签名证书时，你将在浏览器中收到一条警告消息，忽略此消息就可以了。
