dbdeployer MySQL沙盒部署详解
一、工具介绍
- 前几日用
mysql-sandbox来搭建MySQL8.0新版本时发现用不了，提示需要使用dbdeployer才行，瞬间觉得mysql-sandbox不香了，只好咬咬牙来熟悉dbdeployer了。 dbdeployer是使用go语言重构的sandbox，和sandbox同一个作者。- 当然，
dbdeployer延续了sandbox所有功能。可实现一键部署不同架构、不同版本的数据库环境。如，MySQL 主从复制、GTID 模式复制、MySQL 组复制(单主模式、多主模式等) - 完整的数据库类型支持及版本，可在安装完 dbdeployer 后使用
dbdeployer admin capabilities命令进行查看，以下是当前已支持数据库及组件类型
- -- pxc (Percona XtraDB Cluster)
- -- mysql-shell
- -- mysql (MySQL server)
- -- percona (Percona Server)
- -- mariadb
- -- tidb (TiDB isolated server)
- -- ndb (MySQL NDB Cluster)
二、工具安装
- OS：
centos8 - dbdeployer：
1.54.0 - mysql：
8.0.20
2.1 dbdeployer工具下载
直接到github下载release包即可：
https://github.com/datacharmer/dbdeployer/releases
2.2 解压
软件解压后实际只有一个单独的编译好的可执行文件
tar -zxvf dbdeployer-1.54.0.linux.tar.gz
2.3 赋予可执行权限
chmod +x dbdeployer-1.54.0.linux
2.4 移动到系统可执行目录下方便使用
mv dbdeployer-1.54.0.linux /usr/local/bin/dbdeployer
2.5 验证是否可以使用
[root@db01 tmp]# dbdeployer --version
dbdeployer version 1.54.0
[root@db01 tmp]# dbdeployer --help
dbdeployer makes MySQL server installation an easy task.
Runs single, multiple, and replicated sandboxes.
Usage:
dbdeployer [command]
Available Commands:
admin sandbox management tasks
cookbook Shows dbdeployer samples
defaults tasks related to dbdeployer defaults
delete delete an installed sandbox
delete-binaries delete an expanded tarball
deploy deploy sandboxes
downloads Manages remote tarballs
export Exports the command structure in JSON format
global Runs a given command in every sandbox
help Help about any command
import imports one or more MySQL servers into a sandbox
info Shows information about dbdeployer environment samples
init initializes dbdeployer environment
sandboxes List installed sandboxes
unpack unpack a tarball into the binary directory
update Gets dbdeployer newest version
usage Shows usage of installed sandboxes
use uses a sandbox
versions List available versions
Flags:
--config string configuration file (default "/root/.dbdeployer/config.json")
-h, --help help for dbdeployer
--sandbox-binary string Binary repository (default "/root/opt/mysql")
--sandbox-home string Sandbox deployment directory (default "/root/sandboxes")
--shell-path string Which shell to use for generated scripts (default "/usr/bin/bash")
--skip-library-check Skip check for needed libraries (may cause nasty errors)
-v, --version version for dbdeployer
Use "dbdeployer [command] --help" for more information about a command.
2.6 初始化环境
安装dbdeployer之后，可以立即使用以下命令为操作做好准备的环境，此命令会创建必要的目录，然后下载最新的MySQL二进制文件，在默认的位置解压它们。
dbdeployer init
三、基本使用
3.1 自行下载MySQL并解压
访问 https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/ 可下载各不同的MySQL
dbdeployer unpack /tmp/mysql-8.0.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
3.2 使用dbdeployer工具下载MySQL并解压
3.2.1 查看dbdeployer工具支持下载的软件包
[root@mysql8 ~]# dbdeployer downloads list
Available tarballs ()
name OS version flavor size minimal
---------------------------------------------------------------- ------- --------- ------------- -------- ---------
tidb-master-linux-amd64.tar.gz Linux 3.0.0 tidb 26 MB
mysql-8.0.16-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz Linux 8.0.16 mysql 461 MB
mysql-8.0.16-linux-x86_64-minimal.tar.xz Linux 8.0.16 mysql 44 MB Y
mysql-5.7.27-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz Linux 5.7.27 mysql 645 MB
mysql-8.0.17-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz Linux 8.0.17 mysql 480 MB
mysql-8.0.17-linux-x86_64-minimal.tar.xz Linux 8.0.17 mysql 45 MB Y
mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz Linux 5.7.26 mysql 645 MB
mysql-5.6.44-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz Linux 5.6.44 mysql 329 MB
mysql-5.5.62-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz Linux 5.5.62 mysql 199 MB
mysql-8.0.15-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz Linux 8.0.15 mysql 376 MB
mysql-8.0.13-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz Linux 8.0.13 mysql 394 MB
mysql-5.7.25-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz Linux 5.7.25 mysql 645 MB
mysql-5.6.43-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz Linux 5.6.43 mysql 329 MB
mysql-5.5.61-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz Linux 5.5.61 mysql 199 MB
mysql-5.1.73-linux-x86_64-glibc23.tar.gz Linux 5.1.73 mysql 134 MB
mysql-5.0.96.tar.xz Linux 5.0.96 mysql 5.5 MB Y
mysql-5.1.72.tar.xz Linux 5.1.72 mysql 10 MB Y
mysql-5.5.61.tar.xz Linux 5.5.61 mysql 6.6 MB Y
mysql-5.5.62.tar.xz Linux 5.5.62 mysql 6.6 MB Y
mysql-5.6.43.tar.xz Linux 5.6.43 mysql 9.0 MB Y
mysql-5.6.44.tar.xz Linux 5.6.44 mysql 9.1 MB Y
mysql-5.7.25.tar.xz Linux 5.7.25 mysql 23 MB Y
mysql-5.7.26.tar.xz Linux 5.7.26 mysql 23 MB Y
mysql-5.0.96-linux-x86_64-glibc23.tar.gz Linux 5.0.96 mysql 127 MB
mysql-4.1.22.tar.xz Linux 4.1.22 mysql 4.6 MB Y
mysql-cluster-gpl-7.6.10-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz Linux 7.6.10 ndb 916 MB
mysql-cluster-8.0.16-dmr-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz Linux 8.0.16 ndb 1.1 GB
mysql-cluster-gpl-7.6.11-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz Linux 7.6.11 ndb 916 MB
mysql-cluster-8.0.17-rc-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz Linux 8.0.17 ndb 1.1 GB
mysql-shell-8.0.17-linux-glibc2.12-x86-64bit.tar.gz Linux 8.0.17 mysql-shell 30 MB
mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz Linux 5.7.28 mysql 725 MB
mysql-8.0.18-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz Linux 8.0.18 mysql 504 MB
mysql-8.0.18-linux-x86_64-minimal.tar.xz Linux 8.0.18 mysql 48 MB Y
mysql-8.0.19-linux-x86_64-minimal.tar.xz Linux 8.0.19 mysql 45 MB
mysql-cluster-8.0.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz Linux 8.0.19 ndb 1.2 GB
mysql-5.7.29-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz Linux 5.7.29 mysql 665 MB
mysql-cluster-8.0.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz Linux 8.0.20 ndb 1.2 GB
mysql-8.0.20-linux-x86_64-minimal.tar.xz Linux 8.0.20 mysql 44 MB Y
mysql-5.7.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz Linux 5.7.30 mysql 660 MB
mysql-8.0.21-linux-glibc2.17-x86_64-minimal.tar.xz Linux 8.0.21 mysql 48 MB Y
Percona-Server-8.0.20-11-Linux.x86_64.glibc2.12-minimal.tar.gz Linux 8.0.20 percona 103 MB Y
mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz Linux 5.7.31 mysql 376 MB
mysql-shell-8.0.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86-64bit.tar.gz Linux 8.0.21 shell 43 MB
3.2.2 下载并解压指定软件包
使用dbdeployer downloads get file_name，从上面的列表中复制需要下载的版本并粘贴文件名。例如：
[root@mysql8 ~]# dbdeployer downloads get-unpack mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
Downloading mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
.........105 MB.........210 MB.........315 MB..... 376 MB
File /root/mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz downloaded
Checksum matches
Unpacking tarball mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz to $HOME/opt/mysql/5.7.31
.........100.........200.........300302
Renaming directory /root/opt/mysql/mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 to /root/opt/mysql/5.7.31
3.3 检查DBdeployer的已安装/可用的tarball二进制软件包列表
[root@mysql8 ~]# dbdeployer versions
Basedir: /root/opt/mysql
5.7.31 8.0.20 8.0.21
[root@mysql8 ~]# tree $HOME/opt -L 2
/root/opt
└── mysql
├── 5.7.31
├── 8.0.20
└── 8.0.21
3.4 快速部署实例dbdeployer deploy -h
3.4.1 该命令可以部署单个，多个或复制的MySQL沙箱实例
multiple 创建多个独立的mysql
replication 创建复制环境的mysql
single 创建单节点的mysql
3.4.2 如果要使用多个相同版本的沙箱，且没有任何复制关系，请使用dbdeployer deploy multiple -h,例如：
dbdeployer deploy multiple 8.0.21
ps -ef | grep mysqld
默认创建三个节点，我们可以用-n选项来指定需要创建的节点数，--force强制覆盖之前的安装
dbdeployer deploy multiple -n 2 --force 8.0.21
3.4.3 如果需要安装一主多从的复制环境，请使用dbdeployer deploy replication -h，例如：
dbdeployer deploy replication 5.7.31
[root@mysql8 rsandbox_5_7_31]# ./status_all
REPLICATION /root/sandboxes/rsandbox_5_7_31
master : master on - port 19832 (19832)
node1 : node1 on - port 19833 (19833)
node2 : node2 on - port 19834 (19834)
默认为一主两从三节点版，同样可以使用-n选项来指定节点数，--gtid指定为gtid复制模式
dbdeployer deploy replication 5.7.31 -n 2 --gtid --force
[root@mysql8 rsandbox_5_7_31]# ./status_all
REPLICATION /root/sandboxes/rsandbox_5_7_31
master : master on - port 19832 (19832)
node1 : node1 on - port 19833 (19833)
3.4.4 如果只想测试单个实例MySQL，请使用dbdeployer deploy single -h，例如：
dbdeployer deploy single 8.0.20
3.4.5 部署一套多主MGR集群
dbdeployer deploy --topology=group replication 8.0.20
四、实例组操作
一键部署完成后会在 $HOME/sandboxes 目录下生成各实例组对应的数据目录，该目录包含以下信息(部分信息)
- 一键启停该组所有实例的脚本
- 一键登录数据库脚本
- 一键重置该组所有实例的脚本（清除所有测试数据并重新初始化成全新的主从）
- 主从实例的数据目录（主库为 master，从库分别为 node1、node2 依次递增）
- 各实例的配置文件
- 默认用户授权命令
- 单独启停实例命令
- binlog、relaylog 解析命令
4.1 使用示例
[root@mysql8 ~]# cd $HOME/sandboxes/group_msb_8_0_20
[root@mysql8 group_msb_8_0_20]# ls
check_nodes metadata_all n3 node3 sbdescription.json status_all test_sb_all use_all_slaves
clear_all n1 node1 replicate_from send_kill_all stop_all use_all
initialize_nodes n2 node2 restart_all start_all test_replication use_all_masters
4.2 查看该组所有实例状态
[root@mysql8 group_msb_8_0_20]# ./status_all
MULTIPLE /root/sandboxes/group_msb_8_0_20
node1 : node1 on - port 22021 (22021)
node2 : node2 on - port 22022 (22022)
node3 : node3 on - port 22023 (22023)
4.3 一键重启该组所有实例
[root@mysql8 group_msb_8_0_20]# ./restart_all
# executing 'stop' on /root/sandboxes/group_msb_8_0_20
executing 'stop' on node3
stop /root/sandboxes/group_msb_8_0_20/node3
executing 'stop' on node2
stop /root/sandboxes/group_msb_8_0_20/node2
executing 'stop' on node1
stop /root/sandboxes/group_msb_8_0_20/node1
# executing 'start' on /root/sandboxes/group_msb_8_0_20
executing "start" on node 1
. sandbox server started
executing "start" on node 2
. sandbox server started
executing "start" on node 3
. sandbox server started
4.4 单独操作某一节点，需进入对应节点数据目录
[root@mysql8 group_msb_8_0_20]# cd ~/sandboxes/group_msb_8_0_20/node1
[root@mysql8 node1]# ls
add_option clone_from data metadata replicate_from send_kill start test_sb
after_start connection.conf grants.mysql my restart show_binlog start.log tmp
clear connection.json init_db my.sandbox.cnf sbdescription.json show_log status use
clone_connection.sql connection.sql load_grants mysqlsh sb_include show_relaylog stop
4.5 登陆指定实例
[root@mysql8 node1]# ./use
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.20 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
node1 [localhost:22021] {msandbox} ((none)) >
4.6 msyql日志管理
每个实例下有便捷日志脚本
show_log #显示错误日志或常规日志
show_binlog
show_relaylog
4.7 相关mysql用户密码
| user name | password | privileges |
|---|---|---|
| root@localhost | msandbox | all on *.* with grant option |
| msandbox@localhost | msandbox | all on *.* |
| rsandbox@127.% | rsandbox | REPLICATION SLAVE |
4.8 本地root用户登陆
mysql -uroot -pmsandbox -S /tmp/mysql_sandbox8020.sock
五、dbdeployer 常用管理命令
以下是使用 dbdeployer 过程中总结的常用命令，详细使用方式可查看文末 dbdeployer 文档链接。
5.1 更新dbdeployer
dbdeployer update
5.2 列出以解压的MySQL版本
dbdeployer versions
5.3 列出已安装的沙箱实例
dbdeployer sandboxes
5.4 删除已安装沙箱实例
dbdeployer delete multi_msb_8_0_21
5.5 锁定及解锁一个或多个沙箱实例，以防止删除
[root@mysql8 ~]# dbdeployer admin lock group_msb_8_0_20
Sandbox group_msb_8_0_20 locked
[root@mysql8 ~]# dbdeployer admin unlock group_msb_8_0_20
Sandbox group_msb_8_0_20 unlocked
六、相关连接
- dbdeployer 官方下载：https://github.com/datacharmer/dbdeployer/releases
- dbdeployer 官方手册：https://github.com/datacharmer/dbdeployer
- MySQL 各历史版本下载链接：https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/
- dbdeployer 的功能特性：https://github.com/datacharmer/dbdeployer/blob/master/docs/features.md
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因为有悔，所以披星戴月；因为有梦，所以奋不顾身！
个人博客首发：easydb.net
微信公众号：easydb
关注我，不走丢！
