Linux Centos7.x下安装部署VNC的实操详述
VNC (Virtual Network Console)是虚拟网络控制台的缩写。它 是一款优秀的远程控制工具软件,由著名的AT&T的欧洲研究实验室开发的。VNC 是在基于 UNIX和 Linux 操作系统的免费的开源软件,远程控制能力强大,高效实用,其性能可以和Windows和 MAC 中的任何远程控制软件媲美。 在 Linux 中,VNC 包括以下四个命令:vncserver,vncviewer,vncpasswd,和 vncconnect。大多数情况下用户只需要其中的两个命令:vncserver 和 vncviewer。
一、Linux CentOS 7.X下安装部署VNC如下:
1、获取当前系统启动模式 [root@localhost ~]# systemctl get-default multi-user.target 2、查看配置文件 [root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/inittab # inittab is no longer used when using systemd. # # ADDING CONFIGURATION HERE WILL HAVE NO EFFECT ON YOUR SYSTEM. # # Ctrl-Alt-Delete is handled by /usr/lib/systemd/system/ctrl-alt-del.target # # systemd uses 'targets' instead of runlevels. By default, there are two main targets: # # multi-user.target: analogous to runlevel 3 //命令行模式 # graphical.target: analogous to runlevel 5 //图形界面模式 # # To view current default target, run: # systemctl get-default # # To set a default target, run: # systemctl set-default TARGET.target [root@localhost ~]# systemctl set-default graphical.target //由命令行模式更改为图形界面模式 [root@localhost ~]# systemctl set-default multi-user.target //由图形界面模式更改为命令行模式 [root@localhost ~]# systemctl get-default graphical.target 3、关闭防火墙 centos的防火墙是firewalld,关闭防火墙的命令 [root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service #停止firewall [root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable firewalld.service #禁止firewall开机启动 [root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0 [root@localhost ~]# getenforce [root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/selinux SELINUX=disabled SELINUXTYPE=targeted 4、安装软件: [root@localhost ~]# yum update [root@localhost ~]# yum groupinstall "GNOME Desktop" "X Window System" "Desktop" [root@localhost ~]# yum install tigervnc-server tigervnc vnc vnc-server 5、配置vnc连接 [root@localhost ~]# cp /lib/systemd/system/vncserver@.service /etc/systemd/system/vncserver@:1.service 修改/etc/systemd/system/vncserver@:1.service 找到这一行 ExecStart=/sbin/runuser -l <USER> -c "/usr/bin/vncserver %i" PIDFile=/home/<USER>/.vnc/%H%i.pid 这里直接用root 用户登录,所以我替换成 ExecStart=/sbin/runuser -l root -c "/usr/bin/vncserver %i" PIDFile=/root/.vnc/%H%i.pid 如果是其他用户的话比如eason替换如下 ExecStart=/sbin/runuser -l eason -c "/usr/bin/vncserver %i" PIDFile=/home/john/.vnc/%H%i.pid 由于直接root用户登录,所以配置如下: [root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/systemd/system/vncserver@:1.service ......... [Unit] Description=Remote desktop service (VNC) After=syslog.target network.target [Service] Type=forking # Clean any existing files in /tmp/.X11-unix environment ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/vncserver -kill %i > /dev/null 2>&1 || :' ExecStart=/usr/sbin/runuser -l root -c "/usr/bin/vncserver %i" PIDFile=/root/.vnc/%H%i.pid ExecStop=/bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/vncserver -kill %i > /dev/null 2>&1 || :' [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target 为VNC设密码(比如密码设置为123456) [root@localhost ~]# vncpasswd Password: Verify: Would you like to enter a view-only password (y/n)? n //注意表示"是否输入一个只能查看的密码,选择否",否则连接vnc会出现黑屏 A view-only password is not used [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/libvirt/qemu.conf vnc_password = "123456" vnc_listen = "0.0.0.0" 6、重加载 systemd [root@localhost ~]# systemctl daemon-reload 7、启动vnc [root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable vncserver@:1.service [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start vncserver@:1.service 注意,此处关闭了防火墙 如果防火墙开了,需要开通一下规则: [root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service vnc-server [root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart firewalld.service 如果是iptable,则需要在/etc/sysconfig/iptables里添加: -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 5900:5903 -j ACCEPT 8、关闭vnc连接 [root@localhost ~]# /usr/bin/vncserver -kill :1 9、测试连接 也可以在本地windows机器上安装vnc viewer,远程访问 在windows下安装vnc客户端, VNC远程连接信息(下面ip是VNC服务端的地址): VNC Server: 112.112.113.56:5901 Encrytion:Let VNC Server choose 然后输入vncpasswd的密码即可完成VNC远程连接!
如图:输入VNC密码即可登录。
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