mysql修改字符集
1.查看当前数据库字符集:
show VARIABLES like 'character%';
2.修改数据库字符集(ps:修改完数据库字符集,需要重启mysql数据库。):
alter database 数据库名 character set utf8mb4;
3.修改表字符集:
ALTER TABLE 表名 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
生成所有表修改字符集语句:
SELECT TABLE_NAME,CONCAT('ALTER TABLE ',TABLE_NAME,' DEFAULT CHARACTER SET ',a.DEFAULT_CHARACTER_SET_NAME,' COLLATE ',a.DEFAULT_COLLATION_NAME,';') executeSQL FROM information_schema.SCHEMATA a,information_schema.TABLES b WHERE a.SCHEMA_NAME=b.TABLE_SCHEMA AND a.DEFAULT_COLLATION_NAME!=b.TABLE_COLLATION AND b.TABLE_SCHEMA='数据库名'
4.修改列字符集
ALTER TABLE 表名 CHANGE 列名 列名 VARCHAR( 100 ) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL;
生成所有列修改字符集语句:
select b.table_name,b.column_name,b.character_set_name,b.collation_name ,CONCAT('ALTER TABLE ',b.table_name,' MODIFY ',b.column_name,' ',b.DATA_TYPE,'(',b.CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH,') ',CASE WHEN b.COLUMN_DEFAULT IS NULL THEN '' ELSE CONCAT('DEFAULT \'',b.COLUMN_DEFAULT,'\'') END,' COMMENT \'',b.COLUMN_COMMENT,'\';') executeSQL from information_schema.TABLES a,information_schema.COLUMNS b where b.character_set_name IS NOT NULL and a.TABLE_SCHEMA=b.TABLE_SCHEMA AND a.TABLE_NAME=b.TABLE_NAME AND a.TABLE_COLLATION!=b.COLLATION_NAME and a.TABLE_SCHEMA='数据库名'
这些修改完之后,可能需要修改java程序与数据库的连接配置:
原来是这样的:String url = "jdbc:mysql://HOST:PORT/DATABASE?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8";
现在改为:String url = "jdbc:mysql://HOST:PORT/DATABASE?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8mb4";(服务无法启动,报错。。。。。。)
将连接配置修改为
String url = "jdbc:mysql://HOST:PORT/DATABASE?useUnicode=true";
并且修改数据库配置my.cnf
[client] default-character-set = utf8mb4 [mysql] default-character-set = utf8mb4 [mysqld] character-set-client-handshake = FALSE character-set-server = utf8mb4 collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci
改完之后重启数据库