Apache HTTP Server 的安装与配置

一、概要

1. 环境

(1) Rocky Linux 9.3

二、安装与配置

1. 安装

(1) 安装

sudo dnf install httpd -y

(2) 服务

sudo systemctl start httpd
sudo systemctl enable httpd
systemctl status httpd

(3) 防火墙

sudo firewall-cmd --add-service={http,https} --permanent
sudo firewall-cmd --reload

2. SSL

(1) 安装SSL模块

sudo dnf install mod_ssl -y

安装完成之后会在/etc/httpd/conf.d目录下出现一个文件ssl.conf。

(2) 为域名设置SSL/TLS

假设我们需要为www.example.com设置SSL/TLS:

a. 创建证书目录

sudo mkdir /etc/httpd/certs

b. 准备证书

OpenSSL 系列2 --- 应用

i. CA证书；

ii. 域名证书；

iii. 域名证书密钥；

c. 创建配置文件

sudo vi /etc/httpd/certs/www.example.com.conf

d. 初始化配置文件：

<VirtualHost *:443>
    ServerName ldapadmin.example.com
    SSLEngine on
    SSLVerifyClient optional
    SSLVerifyDepth 1
    SSLCACertificateFile "/etc/httpd/certs/cacert.pem"
    SSLCertificateFile "/etc/httpd/certs/www.example.com.cert.pem"
    SSLCertificateKeyFile "/etc/httpd/certs/key.pem"
</VirtualHost>

e. 重启服务

sudo systemctl restart httpd
systemctl status httpd

3. 强制HTTPS访问

(1) 编辑配置文件

sudo vi /etc/httpd/certs/www.example.com.conf

(2) 新增配置:

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName www.example.com
    RewriteEngine on
    RewriteCond %{SERVER_PORT} !^443$
    RewriteRule ^/?(.*)$ https://%{SERVER_NAME}/$1 [L,R]

    <Directory "${INSTALL_DIR}/htocs">
        Options +Indexes +Includes +FollowSymLinks +MultiViews
        AllowOverride All
        Require all granted
    </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

4. 测试配置

apachectl configtest

三、引用

1. 官方

https://httpd.apache.org/

https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/en/ssl/ssl_howto.html