Git常用命令
克隆
把一个仓库从远程克隆到本地
git clone url
url：必须参数，要克隆的仓库远程地址
[dzlua@win10:~]$ git clone https://gitee.com/dzlua/dmake.git
Cloning into 'dmake'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 53, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (53/53), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (51/51), done.
remote: Total 53 (delta 27), reused 0 (delta 0)
Unpacking objects: 100% (53/53), done.
[dzlua@win10:~/dmake]$
拉取
把本地仓库版本更新到和远程仓库版本一致
git pull
[dzlua@win10:~]$ cd dmake # 必须进入到仓库所在目录
[dzlua@win10:~/dmake (master)]$ git pull
Already up to date. # 表示代码为最新的了
[dzlua@win10:~/dmake (master)]$ # (master)表示仓库分支为master分支
查看状态
查看本地仓库状态
git status
[dzlua@win10:~/dmake (master)]$ git status
On branch master
Your branch is up to date with 'origin/master'.
nothing to commit, working tree clean
# 以上表示当前仓库没有任何改变
[dzlua@win10:~/dmake (master)]$
编辑一个文件，比如新建一个test.md
# 向test.md文件写入“this is test”,如果没有该文件则先创建该文件
[dzlua@win10:~/dmake (master)]$ echo this is test > test.md
# 可以看到有test.md文件了
[dzlua@win10:~/dmake (master)]$ ls
dmake.sh* install.sh* LICENSE README.md test.md
# 可以看到文件内容是正确的
[dzlua@win10:~/dmake (master)]$ cat test.md
this is test
[dzlua@win10:~/dmake (master)]$
此时擦看状态，发现有变更了，此时test.md为红色
[dzlua@win10:~/dmake (master)]$ git status
On branch master
Your branch is up to date with 'origin/master'.
Untracked files:
(use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
test.md
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)
[dzlua@win10:~/dmake (master)]$
暂存
把仓库中的 一些/所有 文件变动暂存起来
git add something
something：必须参数，暂存的文件/目录
- 暂存某个文件
git add test.md - 暂存目录下文件
git add dir/test.md - 暂存目录下所有文件
git add dir - 暂存当前目录所有
git add . - . 代表当前目录，..代表上级目录
[dzlua@win10:~/dmake (master)]$ git add . # 因为在仓库根目录，所以是暂存所有
[dzlua@win10:~/dmake (master)]$ git status
On branch master
Your branch is up to date with 'origin/master'.
Changes to be committed:
(use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
new file: test.md
[dzlua@win10:~/dmake (master)]$
暂存后test.md变为了绿色
提交
把仓库暂存起来变动文件提交到本地仓库变更中，这样就有版本记录了。
git commit -m "message"
message：必须参数，写一条注释，方便查看
[dzlua@win10:~/dmake (master)]$ git commit -m "这是一个测试"
[master 528d21c] 这是一个测试
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
create mode 100644 test.md
[dzlua@win10:~/dmake (master)]$ git status
On branch master
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 1 commit.
(use "git push" to publish your local commits)
nothing to commit, working tree clean
[dzlua@win10:~/dmake (master)]$
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 1 commit.
说明本地仓库与远程仓库有1个不同。
历史记录
查看仓库的历史记录
git log
[dzlua@win10:~/dmake (master)]$ git log
commit 528d21c20c567b1246550b1714e55c292d5fcd6c (HEAD -> master)
Author: dzlua <505544956@qq.com>
Date: Wed Jul 17 17:39:39 2019 +0800
这是一个测试
commit 99bdde1702dba4f006bdc85a2b83cf86230c0d0e (origin/master, origin/HEAD)
Author: dzlua <505544956@qq.com>
Date: Wed Jul 10 10:52:31 2019 +0800
fixed bug of cmd br
if bulid err, don't run it
commit 9f9a62fb8e0a14ba2d50de408d236a98aa2322a5
Author: dzlua <505544956@qq.com>
Date: Wed Jul 10 10:11:18 2019 +0800
add cmd dmake br
build and run
:
提示：按q退出记录显示，按回车显示更多
上边显示中：
- (origin/master, origin/HEAD)：表示远程仓库的最新版本在这个位置
- (HEAD -> master)：表示本地仓库的最新版本在这个位置
他们之间相差一条记录（可看到同
git status中Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 1 commit.是一致的）。即：本地仓库比远程仓库要新一个版本。
推送
把本地仓库的变更推送到远程
git push
[dzlua@win10:~/dmake (master)]$ git push
...
[dzlua@win10:~/dmake (master)]$
tag标签
-
查看tag标签
git tag[dzlua@win10:~/dmake (master)]$ git tag v1.0 v3.2 [dzlua@win10:~/dmake (master)]$ -
新建标签
git tag -a v3.3 -m "my version 3.3"[dzlua@win10:~/dmake (master)]$ git tag -a v3.2 -m "my version 3.2" [dzlua@win10:~/dmake (master)]$ git tag v1.0 v3.2 v3.3 [dzlua@win10:~/dmake (master)]$ -
推送标签
默认情况下，git push 并不会把标签传送到远端服务器上，只有通过显式命令才能分享标签到远端仓库
git push origin v3.3# 推送v3.3到远程仓库git push origin --tags# 推送所有标签到远程仓库
