Python:程序最小化到托盘功能实现

本文讲解如何装python的开发的命令行程序最小化到托盘的方法，并提供菜单操作功能。

上个月使用python实现了一个多功能抓图工具，见《Python:一个多功能的抓图工具开发（附源码）》，此程序为一个命令行程序，windows下运行时会弹出一个cmd窗口，里面什么内容也没有，用户使用时直接按下快捷键进行操作。一直想着优化一下，今天想到是否以通过最小化到托盘，并提供菜单操作和快捷键操作两种方式，这样看起来就有点软件的样子了。

Google了一下，发现了一个方法，具体内容见本文附录部分。

直接上实现后的代码：

1、screenshot.py （此模块提供截图的各种方法，被主程序screen_tray.py引用）

#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding=gb2312

#此模块主要提供抓图功能，支持以下三种抓图方式：
#1、抓取全屏,快捷键CTRL+F1
#2、抓取当前窗口，快捷键CTRL+F2
#3、抓取所选区域，快捷键CTRL+F3
#抓到之后，会自动弹出保存对话框，选择路径保存即可
#*******************************************
#更新记录
#0.1 2012-03-10 create by dyx1024
#********************************************

import pyhk
import wx
import os
import sys
from PIL import ImageGrab
import ctypes
import win32gui
import ctypes.wintypes 
import screen_tray


def capture_fullscreen(SysTrayIcon):
    '''
    Function:全屏抓图
    Input：NONE
    Output: NONE
    author: socrates
    blog:http://blog.csdn.net/dyx1024
    date:2012-03-10
    '''  
    #抓图   
    pic = ImageGrab.grab()
    
    #保存图片
    save_pic(pic)
    
def capture_current_windows(SysTrayIcon):
    '''
    Function:抓取当前窗口
    Input：NONE
    Output: NONE
    author: socrates
    blog:http://blog.csdn.net/dyx1024
    date:2012-03-10
    ''' 
    #窗口结构       
    class RECT(ctypes.Structure):
        _fields_ = [('left', ctypes.c_long),
                ('top', ctypes.c_long),
                ('right', ctypes.c_long),
                ('bottom', ctypes.c_long)]
        def __str__(self):
            return str((self.left, self.top, self.right, self.bottom))
    
    rect = RECT()
    
    #获取当前窗口句柄
    HWND = win32gui.GetForegroundWindow()
    
    #取当前窗口坐标
    ctypes.windll.user32.GetWindowRect(HWND,ctypes.byref(rect))

    #调整坐标
    rangle = (rect.left+2,rect.top+2,rect.right-2,rect.bottom-2)
    
    #抓图
    pic = ImageGrab.grab(rangle)
    
    #保存
    save_pic(pic)
    
def capture_choose_windows(SysTrayIcon):
    '''
    Function:抓取选择的区域，没有自己写这个，借用QQ抓图功能
    Input：NONE
    Output: NONE
    author: socrates
    blog:http://blog.csdn.net/dyx1024
    date:2012-03-10
    '''     
    try:
         #加载QQ抓图使用的dll
         dll_handle = ctypes.cdll.LoadLibrary('CameraDll.dll') 
    except Exception:
             try:
                 #如果dll加载失败，则换种方法使用，直接运行，如果还失败，退出
                 os.system("Rundll32.exe CameraDll.dll, CameraSubArea")
             except Exception:
                 return    
    else:
         try:
             #加载dll成功，则调用抓图函数，注:没有分析清楚这个函数带的参数个数
             #及类型，所以此语句执行后会报参数缺少4个字节，但不影响抓图功能，所
             #以直接忽略了些异常
             dll_handle.CameraSubArea(0)
         except Exception:
             return           

def save_pic(pic, filename = '未命令图片.png'):
    '''
    Function:使用文件对框，保存图片
    Input：NONE
    Output: NONE
    author: socrates
    blog:http://blog.csdn.net/dyx1024
    date:2012-03-10
    '''     
    app = wx.PySimpleApp()
    
    wildcard = "PNG(*.png)|*.png"
    dialog = wx.FileDialog(None, "Select a place", os.getcwd(),
                           filename, wildcard, wx.SAVE)
    if dialog.ShowModal() == wx.ID_OK:
        pic.save(dialog.GetPath().encode('gb2312'))
    else:
        pass
    
    dialog.Destroy()    
    

def screenshot_main():
    '''
    Function:主函数，注册快捷键
    Input：NONE
    Output: NONE
    author: socrates
    blog:http://blog.csdn.net/dyx1024
    date:2012-03-10
    '''         
    
    #创建hotkey句柄 
    hot_handle = pyhk.pyhk()
 
    #注册抓取全屏快捷键CTRL+F1
    hot_handle.addHotkey(['Ctrl', 'F1'], capture_fullscreen)
    
    #注册抓取当前窗口快捷键CTRL+F2
    hot_handle.addHotkey(['Ctrl', 'F2'], capture_current_windows)
    
    #注册抓取所选区域快捷键CTRL+F3
    hot_handle.addHotkey(['Ctrl', 'F3'], capture_choose_windows)
 
    #开始运行
    hot_handle.start()

2、screen_tray.py （此模块为主程序，提供托盘及菜单功能，在各菜单项中调用1中的各函数，最后再调用1中的注册快键键函数，来提供快捷键操作）

#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding=gb2312
         
import os
import sys
import win32api
import win32con
import win32gui_struct

import screenshot

try:
    import winxpgui as win32gui
except ImportError:
    import win32gui

class SysTrayIcon(object):
    '''TODO'''
    QUIT = 'QUIT'
    SPECIAL_ACTIONS = [QUIT]
    
    FIRST_ID = 1023
    
    def __init__(self,
                 icon,
                 hover_text,
                 menu_options,
                 on_quit=None,
                 default_menu_index=None,
                 window_class_name=None,):
        
        self.icon = icon
        self.hover_text = hover_text
        self.on_quit = on_quit
        
        menu_options = menu_options + (('退出', None, self.QUIT),)
        self._next_action_id = self.FIRST_ID
        self.menu_actions_by_id = set()
        self.menu_options = self._add_ids_to_menu_options(list(menu_options))
        self.menu_actions_by_id = dict(self.menu_actions_by_id)
        del self._next_action_id
        
        
        self.default_menu_index = (default_menu_index or 0)
        self.window_class_name = window_class_name or "SysTrayIconPy"
        
        message_map = {win32gui.RegisterWindowMessage("TaskbarCreated"): self.restart,
                       win32con.WM_DESTROY: self.destroy,
                       win32con.WM_COMMAND: self.command,
                       win32con.WM_USER+20 : self.notify,}
        # Register the Window class.
        window_class = win32gui.WNDCLASS()
        hinst = window_class.hInstance = win32gui.GetModuleHandle(None)
        window_class.lpszClassName = self.window_class_name
        window_class.style = win32con.CS_VREDRAW | win32con.CS_HREDRAW;
        window_class.hCursor = win32gui.LoadCursor(0, win32con.IDC_ARROW)
        window_class.hbrBackground = win32con.COLOR_WINDOW
        window_class.lpfnWndProc = message_map # could also specify a wndproc.
        classAtom = win32gui.RegisterClass(window_class)
        # Create the Window.
        style = win32con.WS_OVERLAPPED | win32con.WS_SYSMENU
        self.hwnd = win32gui.CreateWindow(classAtom,
                                          self.window_class_name,
                                          style,
                                          0,
                                          0,
                                          win32con.CW_USEDEFAULT,
                                          win32con.CW_USEDEFAULT,
                                          0,
                                          0,
                                          hinst,
                                          None)
        win32gui.UpdateWindow(self.hwnd)
        self.notify_id = None
        self.refresh_icon()
        
        win32gui.PumpMessages()

    def _add_ids_to_menu_options(self, menu_options):
        result = []
        for menu_option in menu_options:
            option_text, option_icon, option_action = menu_option
            if callable(option_action) or option_action in self.SPECIAL_ACTIONS:
                self.menu_actions_by_id.add((self._next_action_id, option_action))
                result.append(menu_option + (self._next_action_id,))
            elif non_string_iterable(option_action):
                result.append((option_text,
                               option_icon,
                               self._add_ids_to_menu_options(option_action),
                               self._next_action_id))
            else:
                print 'Unknown item', option_text, option_icon, option_action
            self._next_action_id += 1
        return result
        
    def refresh_icon(self):
        # Try and find a custom icon
        hinst = win32gui.GetModuleHandle(None)
        if os.path.isfile(self.icon):
            icon_flags = win32con.LR_LOADFROMFILE | win32con.LR_DEFAULTSIZE
            hicon = win32gui.LoadImage(hinst,
                                       self.icon,
                                       win32con.IMAGE_ICON,
                                       0,
                                       0,
                                       icon_flags)
        else:
            print "Can't find icon file - using default."
            hicon = win32gui.LoadIcon(0, win32con.IDI_APPLICATION)

        if self.notify_id: message = win32gui.NIM_MODIFY
        else: message = win32gui.NIM_ADD
        self.notify_id = (self.hwnd,
                          0,
                          win32gui.NIF_ICON | win32gui.NIF_MESSAGE | win32gui.NIF_TIP,
                          win32con.WM_USER+20,
                          hicon,
                          self.hover_text)
        win32gui.Shell_NotifyIcon(message, self.notify_id)

    def restart(self, hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam):
        self.refresh_icon()

    def destroy(self, hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam):
        if self.on_quit: self.on_quit(self)
        nid = (self.hwnd, 0)
        win32gui.Shell_NotifyIcon(win32gui.NIM_DELETE, nid)
        win32gui.PostQuitMessage(0) # Terminate the app.

    def notify(self, hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam):
        if lparam==win32con.WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK:
            self.execute_menu_option(self.default_menu_index + self.FIRST_ID)
        elif lparam==win32con.WM_RBUTTONUP:
            self.show_menu()
        elif lparam==win32con.WM_LBUTTONUP:
            pass
        return True
        
    def show_menu(self):
        menu = win32gui.CreatePopupMenu()
        self.create_menu(menu, self.menu_options)
        #win32gui.SetMenuDefaultItem(menu, 1000, 0)
        
        pos = win32gui.GetCursorPos()
        # See http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/winui/menus_0hdi.asp
        win32gui.SetForegroundWindow(self.hwnd)
        win32gui.TrackPopupMenu(menu,
                                win32con.TPM_LEFTALIGN,
                                pos[0],
                                pos[1],
                                0,
                                self.hwnd,
                                None)
        win32gui.PostMessage(self.hwnd, win32con.WM_NULL, 0, 0)
    
    def create_menu(self, menu, menu_options):
        for option_text, option_icon, option_action, option_id in menu_options[::-1]:
            if option_icon:
                option_icon = self.prep_menu_icon(option_icon)
            
            if option_id in self.menu_actions_by_id:                
                item, extras = win32gui_struct.PackMENUITEMINFO(text=option_text,
                                                                hbmpItem=option_icon,
                                                                wID=option_id)
                win32gui.InsertMenuItem(menu, 0, 1, item)
            else:
                submenu = win32gui.CreatePopupMenu()
                self.create_menu(submenu, option_action)
                item, extras = win32gui_struct.PackMENUITEMINFO(text=option_text,
                                                                hbmpItem=option_icon,
                                                                hSubMenu=submenu)
                win32gui.InsertMenuItem(menu, 0, 1, item)

    def prep_menu_icon(self, icon):
        # First load the icon.
        ico_x = win32api.GetSystemMetrics(win32con.SM_CXSMICON)
        ico_y = win32api.GetSystemMetrics(win32con.SM_CYSMICON)
        hicon = win32gui.LoadImage(0, icon, win32con.IMAGE_ICON, ico_x, ico_y, win32con.LR_LOADFROMFILE)

        hdcBitmap = win32gui.CreateCompatibleDC(0)
        hdcScreen = win32gui.GetDC(0)
        hbm = win32gui.CreateCompatibleBitmap(hdcScreen, ico_x, ico_y)
        hbmOld = win32gui.SelectObject(hdcBitmap, hbm)
        # Fill the background.
        brush = win32gui.GetSysColorBrush(win32con.COLOR_MENU)
        win32gui.FillRect(hdcBitmap, (0, 0, 16, 16), brush)
        # unclear if brush needs to be feed.  Best clue I can find is:
        # "GetSysColorBrush returns a cached brush instead of allocating a new
        # one." - implies no DeleteObject
        # draw the icon
        win32gui.DrawIconEx(hdcBitmap, 0, 0, hicon, ico_x, ico_y, 0, 0, win32con.DI_NORMAL)
        win32gui.SelectObject(hdcBitmap, hbmOld)
        win32gui.DeleteDC(hdcBitmap)
        
        return hbm

    def command(self, hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam):
        id = win32gui.LOWORD(wparam)
        self.execute_menu_option(id)
        
    def execute_menu_option(self, id):
        menu_action = self.menu_actions_by_id[id]      
        if menu_action == self.QUIT:
            win32gui.DestroyWindow(self.hwnd)
        else:
            menu_action(self)
            
def non_string_iterable(obj):
    try:
        iter(obj)
    except TypeError:
        return False
    else:
        return not isinstance(obj, basestring)
    
       

# Minimal self test. You'll need a bunch of ICO files in the current working
# directory in order for this to work...
if __name__ == '__main__':
    import itertools, glob
    
    icons = 'screenshot_tray.ico'
    hover_text = "多功能抓图工具"
    menu_options = (('抓取全屏', icons, screenshot.capture_fullscreen),
                    ('抓取当前窗口', icons, screenshot.capture_current_windows),
                    ('抓取所选区域', icons, screenshot.capture_choose_windows)
                   )
    def bye(sysTrayIcon): print '退出'
    
    SysTrayIcon(icons, hover_text, menu_options, on_quit=bye)
    
	#提供快捷键操作
    screenshot.screenshot_main()

3、执行screen_tray.py，托盘出现菜单项，各功能运行正常，快捷键功能正常，如下图。

4、附：

本文所使用托盘模块下载地址：http://www.brunningonline.net/simon/blog/archives/SysTrayIcon.py.html

附内容：

#!/usr/bin/env python
# Module     : SysTrayIcon.py
# Synopsis   : Windows System tray icon.
# Programmer : Simon Brunning - simon@brunningonline.net
# Date       : 11 April 2005
# Notes      : Based on (i.e. ripped off from) Mark Hammond's
#              win32gui_taskbar.py and win32gui_menu.py demos from PyWin32
'''TODO

For now, the demo at the bottom shows how to use it...'''
         
import os
import sys
import win32api
import win32con
import win32gui_struct
try:
    import winxpgui as win32gui
except ImportError:
    import win32gui

class SysTrayIcon(object):
    '''TODO'''
    QUIT = 'QUIT'
    SPECIAL_ACTIONS = [QUIT]
    
    FIRST_ID = 1023
    
    def __init__(self,
                 icon,
                 hover_text,
                 menu_options,
                 on_quit=None,
                 default_menu_index=None,
                 window_class_name=None,):
        
        self.icon = icon
        self.hover_text = hover_text
        self.on_quit = on_quit
        
        menu_options = menu_options + (('Quit', None, self.QUIT),)
        self._next_action_id = self.FIRST_ID
        self.menu_actions_by_id = set()
        self.menu_options = self._add_ids_to_menu_options(list(menu_options))
        self.menu_actions_by_id = dict(self.menu_actions_by_id)
        del self._next_action_id
        
        
        self.default_menu_index = (default_menu_index or 0)
        self.window_class_name = window_class_name or "SysTrayIconPy"
        
        message_map = {win32gui.RegisterWindowMessage("TaskbarCreated"): self.restart,
                       win32con.WM_DESTROY: self.destroy,
                       win32con.WM_COMMAND: self.command,
                       win32con.WM_USER+20 : self.notify,}
        # Register the Window class.
        window_class = win32gui.WNDCLASS()
        hinst = window_class.hInstance = win32gui.GetModuleHandle(None)
        window_class.lpszClassName = self.window_class_name
        window_class.style = win32con.CS_VREDRAW | win32con.CS_HREDRAW;
        window_class.hCursor = win32gui.LoadCursor(0, win32con.IDC_ARROW)
        window_class.hbrBackground = win32con.COLOR_WINDOW
        window_class.lpfnWndProc = message_map # could also specify a wndproc.
        classAtom = win32gui.RegisterClass(window_class)
        # Create the Window.
        style = win32con.WS_OVERLAPPED | win32con.WS_SYSMENU
        self.hwnd = win32gui.CreateWindow(classAtom,
                                          self.window_class_name,
                                          style,
                                          0,
                                          0,
                                          win32con.CW_USEDEFAULT,
                                          win32con.CW_USEDEFAULT,
                                          0,
                                          0,
                                          hinst,
                                          None)
        win32gui.UpdateWindow(self.hwnd)
        self.notify_id = None
        self.refresh_icon()
        
        win32gui.PumpMessages()

    def _add_ids_to_menu_options(self, menu_options):
        result = []
        for menu_option in menu_options:
            option_text, option_icon, option_action = menu_option
            if callable(option_action) or option_action in self.SPECIAL_ACTIONS:
                self.menu_actions_by_id.add((self._next_action_id, option_action))
                result.append(menu_option + (self._next_action_id,))
            elif non_string_iterable(option_action):
                result.append((option_text,
                               option_icon,
                               self._add_ids_to_menu_options(option_action),
                               self._next_action_id))
            else:
                print 'Unknown item', option_text, option_icon, option_action
            self._next_action_id += 1
        return result
        
    def refresh_icon(self):
        # Try and find a custom icon
        hinst = win32gui.GetModuleHandle(None)
        if os.path.isfile(self.icon):
            icon_flags = win32con.LR_LOADFROMFILE | win32con.LR_DEFAULTSIZE
            hicon = win32gui.LoadImage(hinst,
                                       self.icon,
                                       win32con.IMAGE_ICON,
                                       0,
                                       0,
                                       icon_flags)
        else:
            print "Can't find icon file - using default."
            hicon = win32gui.LoadIcon(0, win32con.IDI_APPLICATION)

        if self.notify_id: message = win32gui.NIM_MODIFY
        else: message = win32gui.NIM_ADD
        self.notify_id = (self.hwnd,
                          0,
                          win32gui.NIF_ICON | win32gui.NIF_MESSAGE | win32gui.NIF_TIP,
                          win32con.WM_USER+20,
                          hicon,
                          self.hover_text)
        win32gui.Shell_NotifyIcon(message, self.notify_id)

    def restart(self, hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam):
        self.refresh_icon()

    def destroy(self, hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam):
        if self.on_quit: self.on_quit(self)
        nid = (self.hwnd, 0)
        win32gui.Shell_NotifyIcon(win32gui.NIM_DELETE, nid)
        win32gui.PostQuitMessage(0) # Terminate the app.

    def notify(self, hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam):
        if lparam==win32con.WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK:
            self.execute_menu_option(self.default_menu_index + self.FIRST_ID)
        elif lparam==win32con.WM_RBUTTONUP:
            self.show_menu()
        elif lparam==win32con.WM_LBUTTONUP:
            pass
        return True
        
    def show_menu(self):
        menu = win32gui.CreatePopupMenu()
        self.create_menu(menu, self.menu_options)
        #win32gui.SetMenuDefaultItem(menu, 1000, 0)
        
        pos = win32gui.GetCursorPos()
        # See http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/winui/menus_0hdi.asp
        win32gui.SetForegroundWindow(self.hwnd)
        win32gui.TrackPopupMenu(menu,
                                win32con.TPM_LEFTALIGN,
                                pos[0],
                                pos[1],
                                0,
                                self.hwnd,
                                None)
        win32gui.PostMessage(self.hwnd, win32con.WM_NULL, 0, 0)
    
    def create_menu(self, menu, menu_options):
        for option_text, option_icon, option_action, option_id in menu_options[::-1]:
            if option_icon:
                option_icon = self.prep_menu_icon(option_icon)
            
            if option_id in self.menu_actions_by_id:                
                item, extras = win32gui_struct.PackMENUITEMINFO(text=option_text,
                                                                hbmpItem=option_icon,
                                                                wID=option_id)
                win32gui.InsertMenuItem(menu, 0, 1, item)
            else:
                submenu = win32gui.CreatePopupMenu()
                self.create_menu(submenu, option_action)
                item, extras = win32gui_struct.PackMENUITEMINFO(text=option_text,
                                                                hbmpItem=option_icon,
                                                                hSubMenu=submenu)
                win32gui.InsertMenuItem(menu, 0, 1, item)

    def prep_menu_icon(self, icon):
        # First load the icon.
        ico_x = win32api.GetSystemMetrics(win32con.SM_CXSMICON)
        ico_y = win32api.GetSystemMetrics(win32con.SM_CYSMICON)
        hicon = win32gui.LoadImage(0, icon, win32con.IMAGE_ICON, ico_x, ico_y, win32con.LR_LOADFROMFILE)

        hdcBitmap = win32gui.CreateCompatibleDC(0)
        hdcScreen = win32gui.GetDC(0)
        hbm = win32gui.CreateCompatibleBitmap(hdcScreen, ico_x, ico_y)
        hbmOld = win32gui.SelectObject(hdcBitmap, hbm)
        # Fill the background.
        brush = win32gui.GetSysColorBrush(win32con.COLOR_MENU)
        win32gui.FillRect(hdcBitmap, (0, 0, 16, 16), brush)
        # unclear if brush needs to be feed.  Best clue I can find is:
        # "GetSysColorBrush returns a cached brush instead of allocating a new
        # one." - implies no DeleteObject
        # draw the icon
        win32gui.DrawIconEx(hdcBitmap, 0, 0, hicon, ico_x, ico_y, 0, 0, win32con.DI_NORMAL)
        win32gui.SelectObject(hdcBitmap, hbmOld)
        win32gui.DeleteDC(hdcBitmap)
        
        return hbm

    def command(self, hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam):
        id = win32gui.LOWORD(wparam)
        self.execute_menu_option(id)
        
    def execute_menu_option(self, id):
        menu_action = self.menu_actions_by_id[id]      
        if menu_action == self.QUIT:
            win32gui.DestroyWindow(self.hwnd)
        else:
            menu_action(self)
            
def non_string_iterable(obj):
    try:
        iter(obj)
    except TypeError:
        return False
    else:
        return not isinstance(obj, basestring)

# Minimal self test. You'll need a bunch of ICO files in the current working
# directory in order for this to work...
if __name__ == '__main__':
    import itertools, glob
    
    icons = itertools.cycle(glob.glob('*.ico'))
    hover_text = "SysTrayIcon.py Demo"
    def hello(sysTrayIcon): print "Hello World."
    def simon(sysTrayIcon): print "Hello Simon."
    def switch_icon(sysTrayIcon):
        sysTrayIcon.icon = icons.next()
        sysTrayIcon.refresh_icon()
    menu_options = (('Say Hello', icons.next(), hello),
                    ('Switch Icon', None, switch_icon),
                    ('A sub-menu', icons.next(), (('Say Hello to Simon', icons.next(), simon),
                                                  ('Switch Icon', icons.next(), switch_icon),
                                                 ))
                   )
    def bye(sysTrayIcon): print 'Bye, then.'
    
    SysTrayIcon(icons.next(), hover_text, menu_options, on_quit=bye, default_menu_index=1)

posted @ 2012-04-06 01:00 Socrates 阅读(4798) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

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