Python:通过自定义系统级快捷键来控制程序开始或停止记录日志(使用小技巧解决一个貌似无解的问题)

  在之前写的一篇《Python:监控键盘输入、鼠标操作，并将捕获到的信息记录到文件中》文章中，有个读者留言如下：

 

  这看似一个很平常的需求，但实现起来并不容易，如果用快捷键来控制一个程序干些别的事情那是非常容易的，但关键是本程序刚好是用hook来监控键盘，所以必须使用PumpMessages()，而此函数使用当前程序进入消息循环，它抓取每个鼠标和键盘事件。当我们的程序跑起来后，按下停止的热键时，也被此函数捕获，所以定义的任何热键均不能生效，具体实现及测试在文章《Python:通过自定义系统级快捷键来控制程序运行》中有所描述。

  现在，我们换一个思路，既然已经监控到了按键，那就判断当前的按键是不是预先定义的热键，如果是，则可调用自己的处理函数，这样就找到了一个控制的入口，可以通过它实现我们想要的功能，注意此时不能让程序调用os.exit(0)让程序退出，否则再次按启动热键时就没法玩了。具体实现如下，代码中有详细注释，不再一一解释。

一、代码：

#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import pythoncom import pyHook import time import pyhk import os import sys import ctypes from ctypes import wintypes import win32con import win32api class CInspectKeyAndMouseEvent: ''' Function:键盘和鼠标监控类 Input：NONE Output: NONE author: socrates blog:http://blog.csdn.net/dyx1024 date:2012-03-09 ''' def __init__(self, filename): '初始化' self.filename = filename def open_file(self): '打开文件' self.fobj = open(self.filename, 'w') def close_file(self): '关闭文件' self.fobj.close() def IsNotWriteLog(self): '是否记录日志' return self.bFlag def IsExitCommand(self, event): ''' 是否当前按下了程序定义的热键' 如果按下了ALT+F2，将记录日志的状态位置为True,不记录日志, 如果按下了ALT+F1，将记录日志状态位置为False,表示记录日志 ''' if event.Alt == 32 and str(event.Key) == 'F2': self.bFlag = True print time.strftime('[%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S]: ',time.localtime(time.time()))+ ' stop write log' elif event.Alt == 32 and str(event.Key) == 'F1': self.bFlag = False print time.strftime('[%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S]: ',time.localtime(time.time()))+ ' start write log' def onMouseEvent(self, event): "处理鼠标事件" #判断是否要记录日志 if self.IsNotWriteLog(): return True self.fobj.writelines('-' * 20 + 'MouseEvent Begin' + '-' * 20 + '\n') self.fobj.writelines("Current Time:%s\n" % time.strftime('[%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S]: ',time.localtime(time.time()))) self.fobj.writelines("MessageName:%s\n" % str(event.MessageName)) self.fobj.writelines("Message:%d\n" % event.Message) self.fobj.writelines("Time_sec:%d\n" % event.Time) self.fobj.writelines("Window:%s\n" % str(event.Window)) self.fobj.writelines("WindowName:%s\n" % str(event.WindowName)) self.fobj.writelines("Position:%s\n" % str(event.Position)) self.fobj.writelines('-' * 20 + 'MouseEvent End' + '-' * 20 + '\n') return True def onKeyboardEvent(self, event): #处理按下的热键 self.IsExitCommand(event) #判断是否要记录日志 if self.IsNotWriteLog(): return True self.fobj.writelines('-' * 20 + 'Keyboard Begin' + '-' * 20 + '\n') self.fobj.writelines("Current Time:%s\n" % time.strftime('[%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S]: ',time.localtime(time.time()))) self.fobj.writelines("MessageName:%s\n" % str(event.MessageName)) self.fobj.writelines("Message:%d\n" % event.Message) self.fobj.writelines("Time:%d\n" % event.Time) self.fobj.writelines("Window:%s\n" % str(event.Window)) self.fobj.writelines("WindowName:%s\n" % str(event.WindowName)) self.fobj.writelines("Ascii_code: %d\n" % event.Ascii) self.fobj.writelines("Ascii_char:%s\n" % chr(event.Ascii)) self.fobj.writelines("Key:%s\n" % str(event.Key)) self.fobj.writelines('-' * 20 + 'Keyboard End' + '-' * 20 + '\n') return True #默认记录 bFlag = False def InspectKeyAndMouseEvent(): "启动监控" my_event = CInspectKeyAndMouseEvent("D:\\hook_log.txt") my_event.open_file() #创建hook句柄 hm = pyHook.HookManager() #监控键盘 hm.KeyDown = my_event.onKeyboardEvent hm.HookKeyboard() #监控鼠标 hm.MouseAll = my_event.onMouseEvent hm.HookMouse() #循环获取消息 pythoncom.PumpMessages() my_event.close_file() def handle_start_InspecEvent(): "开始监控（按下Ctrl + F1）" print time.strftime('[%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S]: ',time.localtime(time.time()))+ ' start write log' InspectKeyAndMouseEvent() #def handle_stop_InspecEvent(): # "停止监控 (按下Ctrl + F2)" # InspectKeyAndMouseEvent(False) if __name__ == "__main__": ''' Function:通过快捷键控制程序运行 Input：NONE Output: NONE author: socrates blog:http://blog.csdn.net/dyx1024 date:2012-03-09 ''' byref = ctypes.byref user32 = ctypes.windll.user32 #定义快捷键 HOTKEYS = { 1 : (win32con.VK_F1, win32con.MOD_ALT) # 2 : (win32con.VK_F2, win32con.MOD_ALT) } #快捷键对应的驱动函数 HOTKEY_ACTIONS = { 1 : handle_start_InspecEvent, # 2 : handle_stop_InspecEvent } #注册快捷键 for id, (vk, modifiers) in HOTKEYS.items (): if not user32.RegisterHotKey (None, id, modifiers, vk): print "Unable to register id", id #启动监听 try: msg = wintypes.MSG () while user32.GetMessageA (byref (msg), None, 0, 0) != 0: if msg.message == win32con.WM_HOTKEY: action_to_take = HOTKEY_ACTIONS.get (msg.wParam) if action_to_take: action_to_take () user32.TranslateMessage (byref (msg)) user32.DispatchMessageA (byref (msg)) finally: for id in HOTKEYS.keys (): user32.UnregisterHotKey (None, id)
二、测试：

1、以下打印是按下热键时控制台输出（支持当前程序不是非激活窗口下按下热键）

2、日志内容：

 可以看到，在23:16:58停止记录日志后，至23:17:05重新开始记录之前，所有的键盘和鼠标输入均没有记录，达到预期效果。

--------------------MouseEvent Begin-------------------- Current Time:[2012-03-09 23:16:57]:  MessageName:mouse move Message:512 Time_sec:12542031 Window:328916 WindowName:FolderView Position:(737, 438) --------------------MouseEvent End-------------------- --------------------Keyboard Begin-------------------- Current Time:[2012-03-09 23:16:58]:  MessageName:key sys down Message:260 Time:12542890 Window:1639322 WindowName:本地磁盘 (D:) Ascii_code: 0 Ascii_char:  Key:Lmenu --------------------Keyboard End-------------------- --------------------Keyboard Begin-------------------- Current Time:[2012-03-09 23:17:05]:  MessageName:key sys down Message:260 Time:12550015 Window:1639322 WindowName:本地磁盘 (D:) Ascii_code: 0 Ascii_char:  Key:F1 --------------------Keyboard End-------------------- --------------------MouseEvent Begin-------------------- Current Time:[2012-03-09 23:17:06]:  MessageName:mouse move Message:512 Time_sec:12551000 Window:328916 WindowName:FolderView Position:(720, 420) --------------------MouseEvent End-------------------- --------------------MouseEvent Begin-------------------- Current Time:[2012-03-09 23:17:06]:  MessageName:mouse move Message:512 Time_sec:12551015 Window:328916 WindowName:FolderView Position:(719, 420) --------------------MouseEvent End--------------------