HDU 1695 GCD (莫比乌斯反演)

题意：给定区间[a, b]和[c, d]问你有多少个不同的点对(x, y)，x€[a, b]，y€[c, d]，gcd(x, y) == k，其中不同的意思是(5, 7)和(7, 5)是一样的。

析：一个莫比乌斯反演的入门题，G(x) = (m/i) * (n/i)，但是这样是有重复的，所以我们把这个重复减去，重复的也就是给定两个区间的共同部分的数才会有重复的，所以先求出总数目，再减去共同的一半即可。

代码如下：

#pragma comment(linker, "/STACK:1024000000,1024000000")
#include <cstdio>
#include <string>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cmath>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <set>
#include <queue>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include <map>
#include <cctype>
#include <cmath>
#include <stack>
#include <sstream>
#include <list>
#include <assert.h>
#include <bitset>
#include <numeric>
#define debug() puts("++++")
#define gcd(a, b) __gcd(a, b)
#define lson l,m,rt<<1
#define rson m+1,r,rt<<1|1
#define fi first
#define se second
#define pb push_back
#define sqr(x) ((x)*(x))
#define ms(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof a)
#define sz size()
#define pu push_up
#define pd push_down
#define cl clear()
//#define all 1,n,1
#define FOR(i,x,n)  for(int i = (x); i < (n); ++i)
#define freopenr freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define freopenw freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
using namespace std;

typedef long long LL;
typedef unsigned long long ULL;
typedef pair<int, int> P;
const int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
const LL LNF = 1e17;
const double inf = 1e20;
const double PI = acos(-1.0);
const double eps = 1e-8;
const int maxn = 1e5 + 10;
const int maxm = 3e5 + 10;
const int mod = 1e9 + 7;
const int dr[] = {-1, 0, 1, 0};
const int dc[] = {0, -1, 0, 1};
const char *de[] = {"0000", "0001", "0010", "0011", "0100", "0101", "0110", "0111", "1000", "1001", "1010", "1011", "1100", "1101", "1110", "1111"};
int n, m;
const int mon[] = {0, 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31};
const int monn[] = {0, 31, 29, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31};
inline bool is_in(int r, int c) {
  return r >= 0 && r < n && c >= 0 && c < m;
}

bool vis[maxn];
int prime[maxn];
int mu[maxn];

void Moblus(){
  mu[1] = 1;
  int tot = 0;
  for(int i = 2; i < maxn; ++i){
    if(!vis[i])  prime[tot++] = i, mu[i] = -1;
    for(int j = 0; j < tot; ++j){
      if(i * prime[j] >= maxn)  break;
      vis[i*prime[j]] = 1;
      if(i % prime[j] == 0){
        mu[i*prime[j]] = 0;
        break;
      }
      else  mu[i*prime[j]] = -mu[i];
    }
  }
}

int sum[maxn];

LL solve(int n, int m){
  if(n > m)  swap(n, m);
  LL ans = 0;
  for(int i = 1, det = 1; i <= n; i = det+1){
    det = min(n/(n/i), m/(m/i));
    ans += (LL)(sum[det] - sum[i-1]) * (m/i) * (n/i);
  }
  return ans;
}

int main(){
  Moblus();
  for(int i = 1; i < maxn; ++i)  sum[i] = sum[i-1] + mu[i];
  int T;  cin >> T;
  for(int kase = 1; kase <= T; ++kase){
    int a, b, c, d, k;
    scanf("%d %d %d %d %d", &a, &b, &c, &d, &k);
    printf("Case %d: ", kase);
    if(k == 0){ printf("0\n");  continue; }
    LL ans = solve(b/k, d/k) - solve((a-1)/k, d/k) - solve((c-1)/k, b/k) + solve((a-1)/k, (c-1)/k);
    int newa = max(a, c);
    int newb = min(b, d);
    if(newa <= newb)  ans -= (solve(newb/k, newb/k) - solve((newa-1)/k, newb/k) - solve((newa-1)/k, newb/k) + solve((newa-1)/k, (newa-1)/k)) / 2;
    printf("%lld\n", ans);
  }
  return 0;
}