RabbitMQ 从入门到精通 （一）
初识RabbitMQ
RabbitMQ 是一个开源的消息代理和队列服务器，用来通过普通协议在完全不同的应用之间共享数据，RabbitMQ是使用 Erlang语言来编写的，并且RabbitMQ是基于AMQP协议的
RabbitMQ的优点:
- 开源、性能优秀、稳定性保障
- 提供可靠性消息投递模式(confirm)、返回模式(return)
- 与SpringAMQP完美的整合、API丰富
- 集群模式丰富，表达式配置，HA模式，镜像队列模型
- 保证数据不丢失的前提下做到高可靠性、可用性
RabbitMQ的整体架构:
RabbitMQ的消息流转:
AMQP
AMQP全称： Advanced Message Queuing Protocol
AMQP翻译： 高级消息队列协议
AMQP定义：是具有现代特征的二进制协议。是一个提供统一消息服务的应用层标准高级消息队列协议，是应用层协议的一个开放标准，为面向消息的中间件设计
AMQP核心概念:
- Server：又称Broker，接受客户端的连接，实现AMQP实体服务
- Connection：连接，应用程序与Broker的网络连接
- Channel：网络信道，几乎所有的操作都在Channel中进行，Channel是进行消息读写的通道。客户端可建立多个Channel，每个Channel代表一个会话任务
- Message：消息，服务器和应用程序之间传送的数据，由Properties和Body组成。Properties可以对消息进行修饰，比如消息的优先级、延迟等高级特性；Body则是消息体的内容
- Virtual host：虚拟地址，用于进行逻辑隔离，最上层的消息路由。同一个Virtual Host里面不能有相同名称的Exchange或Queue
- Exchange：交换机，接收消息，根据路由键转发消息到绑定的队列
- Binding：Exchange和Queue之间的虚拟连接,binding中可以包含routing key
- Routing key：一个路由规则，虚拟机可用它确定如何路由一个特定消息
- Queue：也称为Message Queue，消息队列，保存消息并将它们转发给消费者
RabbitMQ的极速入门
后台启动： ./rabbitmq start &
关闭： ./rabbitmqctl stop
节点状态： ./rabbitmqctl status
管控台： http://ip:15672
RabbitMQ生产消费快速入门：
环境： springboot+jdk1.7+rabbitmq3.6.5 (Maven依赖配置)
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId>
<artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId>
<version>3.6.5</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
public class Procuder {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.创建一个ConnectionFactory 并进行配置
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.244.11");
connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
connectionFactory.setHandshakeTimeout(20000);
//2.通过连接工厂创建连接
Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
//3.通过Connection 创建一个 Channel
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
/**
* basicPublish(String exchange, String routingKey, BasicProperties props, byte[] body)
* exchange:指定交换机 不指定 则默认 （AMQP default交换机） 通过routingkey进行匹配
* props 消息属性
* body 消息体
*/
//4.通过Channel发送数据
for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++){
System.out.println("生产消息:" + i);
String msg = "Hello RabbitMQ" + i;
channel.basicPublish("", "test", null, msg.getBytes());
}
//5.记得关闭相关的连接
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
public class Consumer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
//1.创建一个ConnectionFactory 并进行配置
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.244.11");
connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
connectionFactory.setHandshakeTimeout(20000);
//2.通过连接工厂创建连接
Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
//3.通过Connection 创建一个 Channel
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//4. 声明创建一个队列
String queueName = "test";
/**
* durable 是否持久化
* exclusive 独占的 相当于加了一把锁
*/
channel.queueDeclare(queueName,true,false,false,null);
//5.创建消费者
QueueingConsumer queueingConsumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
//6.设置channel
/**
* ACK: 当一条消息从生产端发到消费端，消费端接收到消息后会马上回送一个ACK信息给broker,告诉它这条消息收到了
* autoack:
* true 自动签收 当消费者一收到消息就表示消费者收到了消息，消费者收到了消息就会立即从队列中删除。
* false 手动签收 当消费者收到消息在合适的时候来显示的进行确认，说我已经接收到了该消息了，RabbitMQ可以从队列中删除该消息了
*
*/
channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, queueingConsumer);
//7.获取消息
while(true){
Delivery delivery = queueingConsumer.nextDelivery();
String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());
System.err.println("消费端:" + msg);
//Envelope envelope = delivery.getEnvelope();
}
}
}
Exchange(交换机)详解
Exchange: 接收消息，并根据路由键转发消息所绑定的队列
交换机属性:
- Name: 交换机名称
- Type: 交换机类型 diect、topic、fanout、headers
- Durability:是否需要持久化，true为持久化
- AutoDelete: 当最后一个绑定到Exchange的队列删除后，自动删除该Exchange
- Internal: 当前Exchange是否用于RabbitMQ内部使用，默认为false (百分之99的情况默认为false 除非对Erlang语言较了解，做一些扩展)
- Arguments:扩展参数, 用于扩展AMQP协议可自定化使用
Direct Exchange
所有发送到Direct Exchange的消息被转发到RouteKey指定的Queue
注意：Direct模式可以使用RabbitMQ自带的Exchange: default Exchange，所以不需要将Exchange进行任何绑定(binding)操作，消息传递时，RoutingKey必须完全匹配才会被队列接收，否则该消息会被抛弃
public class ProducerDirectExchange {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.创建ConnectionFactory
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.244.11");
connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
//2.创建Connection
Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
//3.创建Channel
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//4.声明
String exchangeName = "test_direct_exchange";
String routingKey = "test.direct";
//5.发送
String msg = "Hello World RabbitMQ4 Direct Exchange Message";
channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey, null, msg.getBytes());
}
}
public class ConsumerDirectExchange {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.244.11");
connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
connectionFactory.setHandshakeTimeout(20000);
connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000);
Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//声明
String exchangeName = "test_direct_exchange";
String exchangeType = "direct";
String queueName = "test_direct_queue";
String routingKey = "test.direct";
//表示声明了一个交换机
channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, exchangeType,true,false,false,null);
//表示声明了一个队列
channel.queueDeclare(queueName,false,false,false,null);
//建立一个绑定关系
channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);
//durable 是否持久化消息
QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
//参数：队列名称,是否自动ACK,Consumer
channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
//循环获取消息
while(true){
//获取消息,如果没有消息,这一步将会一直阻塞
Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());
System.out.println("收到消息:" + msg);
}
}
}
Topic Exchange
所有发送到Topic Exchange的消息被转发到所有关心RouteKey中指定Topic的Queue上
Exchange将RouteKey和某Topic进行模糊匹配，此时队列需要绑定一个Topic
注意：可以使用通配符进行匹配
符号 # 匹配一个或多个词
符号 * 匹配不多不少一个词
例如: "log.#" 能够匹配到 “log.info.oa”
"log.*" 只会匹配到 "log.err"
public class ProducerTopicExchange {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.创建ConnectionFactory
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.244.11");
connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
connectionFactory.setHandshakeTimeout(20000);
//2.创建Connection
Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
//3.创建Channel
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//4.声明
String exchangeName = "test_topic_exchange";
String routingKey1 = "user.save";
String routingKey2 = "user.update";
String routingKey3 = "user.delete.abc";
//5.发送
String msg = "Hello World RabbitMQ4 Direct Exchange Message";
channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey1, null, msg.getBytes());
channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey2, null, msg.getBytes());
channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey3, null, msg.getBytes());
}
}
public class ConsumerTopicExchange {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.244.11");
connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
connectionFactory.setHandshakeTimeout(20000);
connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000);
Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//声明
String exchangeName = "test_topic_exchange";
String exchangeType = "topic";
String queueName = "test_topic_queue";
String routingKey = "user.#";
//表示声明了一个交换机
channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, exchangeType,true,false,false,null);
//表示声明了一个队列
channel.queueDeclare(queueName,false,false,false,null);
//建立一个绑定关系
channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);
//durable 是否持久化消息
QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
//参数：队列名称,是否自动ACK,Consumer
channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
//循环获取消息
while(true){
//获取消息,如果没有消息,这一步将会一直阻塞
Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());
System.out.println("收到消息:" + msg);
}
}
}
Fanout Exchange
不处理路由键，只需要简单的将队列绑定到交换机上，发送到交换机的消息都会被转发到与该交换机绑定的所有队列上
所以Fanout交换机转发消息是最快的
public class ProducerFanoutExchange {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.创建ConnectionFactory
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.244.11");
connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
connectionFactory.setHandshakeTimeout(20000);
//2.创建Connection
Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
//3.创建Channel
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//4.声明
String exchangeName = "test_fanout_exchange";
//5.发送
for(int i = 0; i < 10 ; i++){
String msg = "Hello World RabbitMQ4 Direct Exchange Message";
channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, "", null, msg.getBytes());
}
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
public class ConsumerFanoutExchange {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.244.11");
connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
connectionFactory.setHandshakeTimeout(20000);
connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000);
Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//声明
String exchangeName = "test_fanout_exchange";
String exchangeType = "fanout";
String queueName = "test_topic_queue";
//无需指定路由key
String routingKey = "";
//表示声明了一个交换机
channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, exchangeType,true,false,false,null);
//表示声明了一个队列
channel.queueDeclare(queueName,false,false,false,null);
//建立一个绑定关系
channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);
//durable 是否持久化消息
QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
//参数：队列名称,是否自动ACK,Consumer
channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
//循环获取消息
while(true){
//获取消息,如果没有消息,这一步将会一直阻塞
Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());
System.out.println("收到消息:" + msg);
}
}
}
Message 消息
服务器与应用程序之间传递的数据，本质上就是一段数据，由Properties和Body组成
常用属性：delivery mode、headers (自定义属性)
其他属性：content_type、content_encoding、priority、expiration
消息的properties属性用法示例:
public class Procuder {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.创建一个ConnectionFactory 并进行配置
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.244.11");
connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
connectionFactory.setHandshakeTimeout(20000);
//2.通过连接工厂创建连接
Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
//3.通过Connection 创建一个 Channel
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
Map<String,Object> headers = new HashMap<>();
headers.put("my1", "111");
headers.put("my2", "222");
//10秒不消费 消息过期移除消息队列
AMQP.BasicProperties properties = new AMQP.BasicProperties().builder()
.deliveryMode(2)
.contentEncoding("utf-8")
.expiration("10000")
.headers(headers)
.build();
//4.通过Channel发送数据
for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++){
System.out.println("生产消息:" + i);
String msg = "Hello RabbitMQ" + i;
channel.basicPublish("", "test", properties, msg.getBytes());
}
//5.记得关闭相关的连接
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
public class Consumer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
//1.创建一个ConnectionFactory 并进行配置
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.244.11");
connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
connectionFactory.setHandshakeTimeout(20000);
//2.通过连接工厂创建连接
Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
//3.通过Connection 创建一个 Channel
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//4. 声明创建一个队列
String queueName = "test";
channel.queueDeclare(queueName,true,false,false,null);
//5.创建消费者
QueueingConsumer queueingConsumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
//6.设置channel
channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, queueingConsumer);
//7.获取消息
while(true){
Delivery delivery = queueingConsumer.nextDelivery();
String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());
System.err.println("消费端:" + msg);
Map<String, Object> headers = delivery.getProperties().getHeaders();
System.err.println("headers value:" + headers.get("my1"));
}
}
}
