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reboot 重启 shutdown -r now 立刻重启(root用户使用) halt 立刻关机
loginname 、 w 、who、whoami 显示登陆用户名 logout 登出
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rm -rf test1.txt 强行删除文件或目录
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groupadd groupname[组名] 添加组
groupdel groupname[组名] 删除组
groupmod -n test1 test 把test组名改为test1
groups 显示当前用户所在组
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useradd -m 用户名 passwd 用户名 回车输入密码
useradd -g groupname[组名] username[用户名] 添加用户和用户所在的组
userdel -r username 删除用户
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cat -n test.txt > test2.txt 或 cat -n test.txt >> test2.txt 把test.txt 文件拷贝到test2.txt中
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chgrp groupname test.txt 更改test.txt文件所在组
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chmod:
r：读取权限，数字代号为"4"。
w：写入权限，数字代号为"2"。
x：执行或切换权限，数字代号为"1"。
-：不具任何权限，数字代号为"0"。
s：特殊?b>功能说明：变更文件或目录的权限。
chomd 7 [拥有者] 7 [所属群组] 7[其他用户] text1.txt 更改test1.txt权限
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chown user2[用户名]:group1[组名] test1.txt 更改test1.txt文件组和所有者
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cmp -l test.txt test1.txt 比较test.txt和test1.txt有什么不同
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同时将文件file1、file2、file3与目录dir1复制到dir2
cp -R file1 file2 file3 dir1 dir2
.复制文件，只有源文件较目的文件的修改时间新时，才复制文件
cp -u -v file1 file2
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cut -c1-10 test1.txt 显示test.txt每行10个字符
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diff test1.txt test.txt 比较两个问题内容有什么不同
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file test.txt 我们得以辨识该文件的类型。
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find /home/exercise/ -name "test*" 或 find /home/exercise/ -name(或-iname不区分大小写) "test.txt"
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ln -s test.txt /home/user1 把test.txt 的镜像放到 /home/user1目录下
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mcopy test.txt test2.txt 复制 test.txt为test2.txt
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mv test.txt /home/testx.txt 把文件test.txt移动到 /home/testx.txt 或是该文件、文件夹名称
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touch text1.txt test2.txt 创建两个文件 touch -c testx.txt 如果testx.txt不存在则不创建
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pwd 或 dirs 查看当前位置
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grep -I "555" /home/exercise/* 查找该目录下所有包含 “555”字符串的文件 正则：grep "[0-9]\{4\}" /home/exercise/*
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sort test.txt 输出排序后内容 默认升序
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cd /home/exercise 切换目录
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du -h test.txt 显示文件目录大小
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ls -l /home/显示home文件夹下所有文件的详细信息
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mount /what/where 挂载设置 umount /dev/cdrom 卸载cd
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date 显示系统当前时间
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exit 退出当前shell
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free -k 显示内存情况，-k表示以kb单位表示
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id 显示当前用户的ID id username 显示该用户的ID
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ps -ef | grep java 查找用java关键字的所有进程
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kill -s 9 15572 强制杀死 15572进程
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last 列出登陆主机的用户信息 lastb 列出登陆失败的用户信息
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su username 回车输入密码 即可更换登陆用户 例如：su root 回车输入密码****
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top 显示，管理执行中的程序
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uname 显示电脑及系统信息
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vlock 锁着终端 相当于windows锁屏
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setup 设置电脑配置
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gzip test.txt 递归压缩文件 gzip -r 文件夹
gunzip FileName.gz 或 gzip -d FileName.gz 解压 gzip -dr exercise exercise文件夹内所有文件解压
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tar -zcvf a.tar.gz test.txt 把test.txt打包压缩成a.tar.gz 解压 tar -zxvf /tmp/etc.tar.gz
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zip x.zip test.txt 把test.txt压缩成x.zip unzip x.zip 解压文件 unzip -v x.zip 或 zipinfo x.zip 查看压缩文件内容
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