基于注解的springmvc开发

原理简析

1. 背景知识:org.springframework.web.ServletContainerInitializer接口

在基于注解的servlet开发中,ServletContainerInitializer接口用于代替web.xml。它只有一个方法:onStartup,可以在其中注册servlet、拦截器(Filter)、监听器(Listener)这三大组件。另外,ServletContainerInitializer还可以使用@HandlesTypes在onStartup方法的参数列表中注入感兴趣的类。servlet容器启动时,会扫描每个jar包的项目根目录下的/META-INF/services/javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer文件,执行这个文件中指定的ServletContainerInitializer接口的实现类的onStartup方法。

 

2. org.springframework.web包提供的ServletContainerInitializer实现类

org.springframework.web包的/META-INF/services/javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer文件指定了ServletContainerInitializer接口的实现类:SpringServletContainerInitializer,首先来看一下这个类的spring源码:

package org.springframework.web;

@HandlesTypes(WebApplicationInitializer.class)  //(1)
public class SpringServletContainerInitializer implements ServletContainerInitializer {

    @Override
    public void onStartup(Set<Class<?>> webAppInitializerClasses, ServletContext servletContext)
            throws ServletException {

        List<WebApplicationInitializer> initializers = new LinkedList<WebApplicationInitializer>();

        if (webAppInitializerClasses != null) {
            for (Class<?> waiClass : webAppInitializerClasses) {
                // Be defensive: Some servlet containers provide us with invalid classes,
                // no matter what @HandlesTypes says...
                if (!waiClass.isInterface() && !Modifier.isAbstract(waiClass.getModifiers()) &&
                        WebApplicationInitializer.class.isAssignableFrom(waiClass)) {
                    try {
                        initializers.add((WebApplicationInitializer) waiClass.newInstance());  //(2)
                    }
                    catch (Throwable ex) {
                        throw new ServletException("Failed to instantiate WebApplicationInitializer class", ex);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        if (initializers.isEmpty()) {
            servletContext.log("No Spring WebApplicationInitializer types detected on classpath");
            return;
        }

        servletContext.log(initializers.size() + " Spring WebApplicationInitializers detected on classpath");
        AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(initializers);
        for (WebApplicationInitializer initializer : initializers) {
            initializer.onStartup(servletContext);  //(3)
        }
    }

}

(1) 通过@HandlesType注解在onStartup方法的参数列表中注入感兴趣的类,即WebApplicationInitializer;

(2) 将WebApplicationInitializer的每个实现类,都新建一个实例,并放入initializers列表中;

(3) 遍历initializers列表,对每个WebApplicationInitializer实例执行其onStartup方法。

那么问题来了:WebApplicationInitializer有哪些实现类,是用来干什么的?

 

3. WebApplicationInitializer的实现类及其功能

WebApplicationInitializer的实现类有很多,重点看一下AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer

package org.springframework.web.servlet.support;

public abstract class AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer
        extends AbstractDispatcherServletInitializer {

    @Override
    @Nullable
    protected WebApplicationContext createRootApplicationContext() {
        Class<?>[] configClasses = getRootConfigClasses();
        if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(configClasses)) {
            AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
            context.register(configClasses);
            return context;
        }
        else {
            return null;
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected WebApplicationContext createServletApplicationContext() {
        AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
        Class<?>[] configClasses = getServletConfigClasses();
        if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(configClasses)) {
            context.register(configClasses);
        }
        return context;
    }

    @Nullable
    protected abstract Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses();

    @Nullable
    protected abstract Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses();

}

这个类提供了两个方法的实现,以及两个抽象方法供子类继承

(1) createRootApplicationContext:创建根容器;

(2) createServletApplicationContext:创建servlet容器;

(3) getRootConfigClasses:抽象类,用于注册根容器的配置类,相当于spring.xml;

(4) getServletConfigClasses:抽象的类,用于注册servlet容器的配置类,相当于springmvc.xml;

另外,它还从AbstractDispatcherServletInitializer类继承了getServletMappings方法,用于注册servlet的映射。

因此,我们可以自定义一个WebApplicationInitializer的实现类,继承AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer;在servlet容器启动时,会创建spring根容器和servlet容器,代替web.xml配置文件。同时,我们可以看到,在基于注解的springmvc开发中,真正用于代替web.xml的是WebApplicationInitializer,而并不是ServletContainerInitializer,这与本文开头提到的基于注解的servlet开发有些区别。

 

4. 根容器和servlet容器

根容器用于管理@Service、@Repository等业务逻辑层和数据库交互层组件;

servlet容器用于管理@Controller、视图解析器、拦截器等跟页面处理有关的组件。

 

使用步骤

0. 导包或添加依赖:spring-web、spring-webmvc

1. 编写数据库访问层、业务逻辑层、控制层等组件,这个跟基于配置文件的springmvc没有区别;

2. 编写根容器和servlet容器的配置类,这里不需要添加@Configuration注解;

3. 自定义WebApplicationInitializer,继承AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer;

4. 在3的实现类中注册根容器和servlet容器的配置类,以及servlet映射;

5. 在servlet容器中中注册视图解析器、拦截器等组件,用法是使servlet容器配置类实现WebMvcConfigurer接口,

    然后选择相应的方法进行注册,详见示例demo。

 

示例Demo

pom文件

<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
  <version>5.1.6-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
  <version>5.1.6-SNAPSHOT</version> 
</dependency>

 

业务逻辑层组件

package cn.monolog.annabelle.springmvc.service;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

/**
 * 业务逻辑层组件
 * created on 2019-05-04
 */
@Service
public class BusinessService {

    public String resolve(String source) {
        return "hello " + source;
    }
}

 

控制层组件

package cn.monolog.annabelle.springmvc.controller;

import cn.monolog.annabelle.springmvc.service.BusinessService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

/**
 * 控制层组件
 * created on 2019-05-04
 */
@Controller
@RequestMapping(value = "/business")
public class BusinessController {

    //从容器中自动装配组件
    @Autowired
    private BusinessService businessService;

    @GetMapping(value = "/resolve")
    @ResponseBody
    public String resolve(String source) {
        String result = this.businessService.resolve(source);
        return result;
    }

}

 

自定义springmvc拦截器

package cn.monolog.annabelle.springmvc.interceptor;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * 自定义的springmvc拦截器
 * created on 2019-05-12
 */
public class CustomedInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {

    /**
     * 重写preHandle方法
     * @param request
     * @param response
     * @param handler
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("preHandle正在执行...");
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * 重写postHandle方法
     * @param request
     * @param response
     * @param handler
     * @param modelAndView
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("postHandle正在执行...");
    }

    /**
     * 重写afterCompletion方法
     * @param request
     * @param response
     * @param handler
     * @param ex
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("afterCompletion正在执行...");
    }
}

 

根容器的配置类,用于管理数据库访问层、业务逻辑层等组件,相当于spring.xml

package cn.monolog.annabelle.springmvc.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;

/**
 * 根容器配置类
 * created on 2019-05-04
 */
@Configuration @ComponentScan(basePackages = {"cn.monolog.annabelle.springmvc.service"}) public class RootConfig { }

 

servlet容器的配置类,用于管理控制层、视图解析器等组件,相当于springmvc.xml

可以在其中配置视图解析器、静态资源解析器、拦截器等组件

package cn.monolog.annabelle.springmvc.config;

import cn.monolog.annabelle.springmvc.interceptor.CustomedInterceptor;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.*;

/**
 * servlet容器配置类
* @EnableWebMvc相当于配置文件中的<mvc:annotation-drivern /> * created on 2019-05-04
*/ @Configuration @ComponentScan(basePackages = {"cn.monolog.annabelle.springmvc.controller"}) @EnableWebMvc public class ServletConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer { /** * 注册视图解析器 * @param registry */ @Override public void configureViewResolvers(ViewResolverRegistry registry) { registry.jsp("/WEB-INF/views/", ".jsp"); } /** * 注册静态资源解析器 * 将springmvc处理不了的请求交给tomcat * @param configurer */ @Override public void configureDefaultServletHandling(DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer configurer) { configurer.enable(); } /** * 注册拦截器 * @param registry */ @Override public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) { registry.addInterceptor(new CustomedInterceptor()); } }

 

自定义的WebApplicationInitializer,用于注册根容器、servlet容器、servlet映射、拦截器、监听器等,相当于web.xml

package cn.monolog.annabelle.springmvc.initializer;

import cn.monolog.annabelle.springmvc.config.RootConfig;
import cn.monolog.annabelle.springmvc.config.ServletConfig;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer;

/**
 * 自定义web容器启动器
 * created on 2019-05-04
 */
public class CustomerServletInitializer extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {

    /**
     * 注册根容器配置类
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
        return new Class[]{RootConfig.class};
    }

    /**
     * 注册servlet容器配置类
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
        return new Class[]{ServletConfig.class};
    }

    /**
     * 注册servlet的映射
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    protected String[] getServletMappings() {
        return new String[]{"/"};
    }
}

 

测试代码

<html>
<head>
<title>homepage</title>
<style type="text/css">
    a {
        color: blueviolet;
        font-size: 20px;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<a href="/annabelle/business/resolve?source=violet">start...</a>
</body>
</html>

 

posted @ 2019-05-04 18:01  西班牙乞丐  阅读(2229)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报