[JavaWeb]关于DBUtils中QueryRunner的一些解读.

 

QueryRunner类

QueryRunner中提供对sql语句操作的API
它主要有三个方法
　　query() 用于执行select
　　update() 用于执行insert/update/delete
　　batch() 批处理

1,Query语句
先来看下query的两种形式, 我们这里主要讲第一个方法, 因为我们用C3P0来统一管理connection.(QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner(C3P0Utils.getDataSource()))
query(sql,ResultSetHandler,Object...params);
query(conn,sql,ResultSetHandler,Object...params);

第一种: 不需要params

//查询所有图书
public List<Book> selectAllBooks() throws SQLException {
    QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner(C3P0Utils.getDataSource());
    return qr.query("select * from books", new BeanListHandler<Book>(Book.class));
}

 

第二种: 需要一个参数查询

//根据id查询指定的书
public Book selectBookById(String id) throws SQLException {
    QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner(C3P0Utils.getDataSource());
    return qr.query("select * from books where id=?", new BeanHandler(Book.class),id);
}

第三种:需要多个参数查询

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//多条件查询图书信息
public List<Book> findBookByManyCondition(String id, String category,
        String name, String minprice, String maxprice) throws SQLException {
    StringBuilder sql = new StringBuilder("select * from books where 1=1");
    List list = new ArrayList();
    if(!"".equals(id)){
        sql.append(" and id like ?");
        list.add("%"+id+"%");
    }
    if(!"".equals(category)){
        sql.append(" and category=?");
        list.add(category);
    }
    if(!"".equals(name)){
        sql.append(" and name like ?");
        list.add("%"+name+"%");
    }
    if(!"".equals(minprice)){
        sql.append(" and price > ?");
        list.add(minprice);
    }
    if(!"".equals(maxprice)){
        sql.append(" and price < ?");
        list.add(maxprice);
    }
    
    QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner(C3P0Utils.getDataSource());
    return qr.query(sql.toString(),new BeanListHandler<Book>(Book.class),list.toArray());
}
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那么我们来看下源码的实现: 
(1)QueryRunner.java

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//第一种情况,无参数
public <T> T query(String sql, ResultSetHandler<T> rsh) throws SQLException {
    Connection conn = this.prepareConnection();

    return this.query(conn, true, sql, rsh, (Object[]) null);
}

//第二种和第三种使用同一方法: 需要参数
public <T> T query(String sql, ResultSetHandler<T> rsh, Object... params) throws SQLException {
    Connection conn = this.prepareConnection();

    return this.query(conn, true, sql, rsh, params);
}
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解读: 这里先是获取connection, 利用this.preparaConnection() 获取. 然后调用query()方法去执行查询语句. 接下来看源码是如何获取到当前传输过来的connection以及query()方法的内部实现.

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protected Connection prepareConnection() throws SQLException {
    if (this.getDataSource() == null) {
        throw new SQLException("QueryRunner requires a DataSource to be " +
            "invoked in this way, or a Connection should be passed in");
    }
    return this.getDataSource().getConnection();
}
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这里很简单, 因为我们用的C3P0数据库连接池获取的DataSource, 所以这里直就可以过去到当前的Connection.接下来就看下query()方法的内部实现. 

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private <T> T query(Connection conn, boolean closeConn, String sql, ResultSetHandler<T> rsh, Object... params)
            throws SQLException {
    if (conn == null) {
        throw new SQLException("Null connection");
    }

    if (sql == null) {
        if (closeConn) {
            close(conn);
        }
        throw new SQLException("Null SQL statement");
    }

    if (rsh == null) {
        if (closeConn) {
            close(conn);
        }
        throw new SQLException("Null ResultSetHandler");
    }

    PreparedStatement stmt = null;
    ResultSet rs = null;
    T result = null;

    try {
        stmt = this.prepareStatement(conn, sql);
        this.fillStatement(stmt, params);
        rs = this.wrap(stmt.executeQuery());
        result = rsh.handle(rs);

    } catch (SQLException e) {
        this.rethrow(e, sql, params);

    } finally {
        try {
            close(rs);
        } finally {
            close(stmt);
            if (closeConn) {
                close(conn);
            }
        }
    }

    return result;
}
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解读: 在这里可以看出, 无论是否有传递参数params, 都调用的是同一个query方法, 接着来看this.fillStatement(stmt, params);是如何将参数赋予preparedStatement中的. 

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public void fillStatement(PreparedStatement stmt, Object... params) throws SQLException {

    // check the parameter count, if we can
    ParameterMetaData pmd = null;
    if (!pmdKnownBroken) {
        pmd = stmt.getParameterMetaData();
        int stmtCount = pmd.getParameterCount();
        int paramsCount = params == null ? 0 : params.length;

        if (stmtCount != paramsCount) {
            throw new SQLException("Wrong number of parameters: expected "
                    + stmtCount + ", was given " + paramsCount);
        }
    }

    // nothing to do here
    if (params == null) {
        return;
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < params.length; i++) {
        if (params[i] != null) {
            stmt.setObject(i + 1, params[i]);
        } else {
            // VARCHAR works with many drivers regardless
            // of the actual column type.  Oddly, NULL and
            // OTHER don't work with Oracle's drivers.
            int sqlType = Types.VARCHAR;
            if (!pmdKnownBroken) {
                try {
                    sqlType = pmd.getParameterType(i + 1);
                } catch (SQLException e) {
                    pmdKnownBroken = true;
                }
            }
            stmt.setNull(i + 1, sqlType);
        }
    }
}
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这个方法就是核心所在. 
第一种情况: 当params为null的时候, 直接return然后执行sql语句.
第二种第三种情况: 当params不为null时, 循环遍历传入的params, 然后将params赋值到preparedStatement中, 然后填充占位符进行sql查询. 这里我们也来回顾下直接使用preparedStatement来进行查询的方式:

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@Test
public void update(){
    Connection conn = null;
    PreparedStatement st = null;
    ResultSet rs = null;
    try{
        conn = JdbcUtils.getConnection();
        String sql = "update users set name=?,email=? where id=?";
        st = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
        st.setString(1, "gacl");
        st.setString(2, "gacl@sina.com");
        st.setInt(3, 2);
        int num = st.executeUpdate();
        if(num>0){
            System.out.println("更新成功！！");
        }
    }catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
        
    }finally{
        JdbcUtils.release(conn, st, rs);
    }
}

@Test
public void find(){
    Connection conn = null;
    PreparedStatement st = null;
    ResultSet rs = null;
    try{
        conn = JdbcUtils.getConnection();
        String sql = "select * from users where id=?";
        st = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
        st.setInt(1, 1);
        rs = st.executeQuery();
        if(rs.next()){
            System.out.println(rs.getString("name"));
        }
    }catch (Exception e) {
        
    }finally{
        JdbcUtils.release(conn, st, rs);
    }
}
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2, Update语句
查看update语句:

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//修改图书 
public void updateBook(Book book) throws SQLException {
    QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner(C3P0Utils.getDataSource());
    qr.update(
            "UPDATE books SET NAME=? ,price=?,bnum=?,category=?,description=? WHERE id=?",
            book.getName(), book.getPrice(), book.getBnum(),
            book.getCategory(), book.getDescription(), book.getId())
}
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接着是QueryRunner.java中的update 方法:

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public int update(String sql, Object... params) throws SQLException {
    Connection conn = this.prepareConnection();

    return this.update(conn, true, sql, params);
}

private int update(Connection conn, boolean closeConn, String sql, Object... params) throws SQLException {
    if (conn == null) {
        throw new SQLException("Null connection");
    }

    if (sql == null) {
        if (closeConn) {
            close(conn);
        }
        throw new SQLException("Null SQL statement");
    }

    PreparedStatement stmt = null;
    int rows = 0;

    try {
        stmt = this.prepareStatement(conn, sql);
        this.fillStatement(stmt, params);
        rows = stmt.executeUpdate();

    } catch (SQLException e) {
        this.rethrow(e, sql, params);

    } finally {
        close(stmt);
        if (closeConn) {
            close(conn);
        }
    }

    return rows;
}
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到了参数赋值的时候又调用了上面的fillStatement方法, 这里就不再阐述了. 


3, Batch语句
这里直接看batch方法的实例, 然后结合源码的实现.

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//批量删除
public void delBooks(String[] ids) throws SQLException {
    QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner(C3P0Utils.getDataSource());
    Object[][] params = new Object[ids.length][];//高维确定执行sql语句的次数，低维是给？赋值
    for (int i = 0; i < params.length; i++) {
        params[i] = new Object[]{ids[i]};//给“？”赋值
    }
    qr.batch("delete from books where id=?", params);
}
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然后看QueryRunner中的batch()方法:

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public int[] batch(String sql, Object[][] params) throws SQLException {
    Connection conn = this.prepareConnection();

    return this.batch(conn, true, sql, params);
}

private int[] batch(Connection conn, boolean closeConn, String sql, Object[][] params) throws SQLException {
    if (conn == null) {
        throw new SQLException("Null connection");
    }

    if (sql == null) {
        if (closeConn) {
            close(conn);
        }
        throw new SQLException("Null SQL statement");
    }

    if (params == null) {
        if (closeConn) {
            close(conn);
        }
        throw new SQLException("Null parameters. If parameters aren't need, pass an empty array.");
    }

    PreparedStatement stmt = null;
    int[] rows = null;
    try {
        stmt = this.prepareStatement(conn, sql);

        for (int i = 0; i < params.length; i++) {
            this.fillStatement(stmt, params[i]);
            stmt.addBatch();
        }
        rows = stmt.executeBatch();

    } catch (SQLException e) {
        this.rethrow(e, sql, (Object[])params);
    } finally {
        close(stmt);
        if (closeConn) {
            close(conn);
        }
    }

    return rows;
}
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解读: 因为params是一个二维数组, 所以往preparedStatement中赋值的时候使用了for循环, 然后通过preparedstatement.addBatch() 进行批量添加, 然后执行executeBatch()进行操作.

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　　 /**
     * Adds a set of parameters to this <code>PreparedStatement</code>
     * object's batch of commands.
     *
     * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs or
     * this method is called on a closed <code>PreparedStatement</code>
     * @see Statement#addBatch
     * @since 1.2
     */
    void addBatch() throws SQLException;
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