数字与字符串的‘魔法’方法

一、数字(int)

  • int()

将字符串转换为数字

1 a = "123"
2 print(type(a),a)
3 #结果:<class 'str'> 123
4 b = int(a)
5 print(type(b),b)
6 #结果为:<class 'int'> 123

将16进制以10进制转换并输出

1 num = '0011'
2 v = int(num,base=16)
3 print(v)
4 #结果为:17
  • bit_lenght()
 1 # 当前数字的二进制,至少用n位表示
 2 age = 3
 3 #3==》11
 4 r = age.bit_length()
 5 print(r)
 6 #结果:2
 7 new_age = 4
 8 #4==》100
 9 new_r = new_age.bit_length()
10 print(new_r)
11 #结果:3

二、字符串(str)

  • capitalize()
1 #首字母大写
2 test = 'soLitary'
3 v = test.capitalize()
4 print(v)
5 #结果:Solitary
  • casefold()     
  • lower()
1 #所有变小写,casefold更牛逼,很多未知的对相应变小写
2 test = 'soLitary'
3 v1 = test.casefold()
4 #结果:solitary
5 print(v1)
6 v2 = test.lower()
7 print(v2)
8 #结果:solitary
  • center()  
  • ljust()  
  • rjust()    
  • zfill()
 1 '''设置宽度,并将内容居中;20 代指总长度;*  空白未知填充,一个字符,可有可无'''
 2 test = 'soLitary'
 3 v1 = test.center(20,'')
 4 print(v1)
 5 #结果:爱爱爱爱爱爱soLitary爱爱爱爱爱爱
 6 v2 = test.ljust(20,'*')
 7 print(v2)
 8 #结果:soLitary************
 9 v3 = test.rjust(20,'*')
10 print(v3)
11 #结果:************soLitary
12 v4 = test.zfill(20)
13 print(v4)
14 #结果:000000000000soLitary
  • count()
1 #去字符串中寻找,寻找子序列的出现次数
2 test = 'soLitary'
3 v1 = test.count('it')
4 print(v1)
5 #结果:1
6 v2 = test.count('it',5,6)
7 #在索引值为5,6里面去找
8 print(v2)
9 #结果:0
  •  endswith()
  •  startswith()
1 #以什么什么结尾
2 #以什么什么开始
3 test = 'soLitary'
4 v1 = test.endswith('ry')
5 print(v1)
6 #结果:True
7 v2 = test.startswith('so')
8 print(v2)
9 #结果:True
  • expandtabs()
1 #找制表符(/t),断句20
2 test = "username\temail\tpassword\nlaiying\tying@q.com\t123\nlaiying\tying@q.com\t123\nlaiying\tying@q.com\t123"
3 v = test.expandtabs(20)
4 print(v)
5 #结果:
6 '''username            email               password
7    laiying             ying@q.com          123
8    laiying             ying@q.com          123
9    laiying             ying@q.com          123'''
  • find()
1 #从开始往后找,找到第一个之后,获取其位置,未找到 -1
2 test = 'soLitary'
3 v = test.find('so')
4 print(v)
5 #结果:0
  • index()
 1 #index找不到,报错   忽略
 2 test = 'soLitary'
 3 v = test.index('6')
 4 print(v)
 5 '''Traceback (most recent call last):
 6   File "F:\pycharm\PyCharm 2017.3.3\helpers\pydev\pydev_run_in_console.py", line 53, in run_file
 7     pydev_imports.execfile(file, globals, locals)  # execute the script
 8   File "F:\pycharm\PyCharm 2017.3.3\helpers\pydev\_pydev_imps\_pydev_execfile.py", line 18, in execfile
 9     exec(compile(contents+"\n", file, 'exec'), glob, loc)
10   File "F:/pycharm/pycharm_file/test.py", line 2, in <module>
11     v = test.index('6')
12 ValueError: substring not found'''
  • format()
 1 #格式化,将一个字符串中的占位符替换为指定的值
 2 test1 = 'i am {name}, age {a}'
 3 print(test1)
 4 #结果:i am {name}, age {a}
 5 v1 = test1.format(name='soLitary',a=19)
 6 print(v1)
 7 #结果:i am soLitary, age 19
 8 test2 = 'i am {0}, age {1}'
 9 print(test2)
10 #结果:i am {0}, age {1}
11 v2 = test2.format('soLitary',19)
12 print(v2)
13 #结果:i am soLitary, age 19
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 #格式化,传入的值 {"name": 'alex', "a": 19}
19 test3 = 'i am {name}, age {a}'
20 print(test3)
21 #结果:i am {name}, age {a}
22 v3 = test3.format(name='df',a=10)
23 print(v3)
24 #结果:i am df, age 10
25 v4 = test3.format_map({"name": 'soLitary', "a": 19})
26 print(v4)
27 #结果:i am soLitary, age 19
  • isalnum()
1 #字符串中是否只包含 字母和数字
2 test = '123'
3 v = test.isalnum()
4 print(v)
5 #结果:True
  • isalpha()
1 #是否是字母、汉字
2 test = "as2df"
3 v = test.isalpha()
4 print(v)
5 #结果:False
  • isdecimal()
  • isdigit()
  • isnumeric()
1 #当前输入是否是数字,一个比一个牛逼
2 test = ""
3 v1 = test.isdecimal()
4 v2 = test.isdigit()
5 v3 = test.isnumeric()
  • isprintable()
1 #主要看里面有没有/t,/n
2 # \t   制表符
3 # \n   换行
4 test = "oiuas\tdfkj"
5 v = test.isprintable()
6 print(v)
7 #结果:False
  • isspace()
1 #判断是否全部是空格
2 test = ""
3 v = test.isspace()
4 print(v)
5 #结果:False
  • istitle()  
  • title()
 1 #判断是否是标题
 2 test = "Return True if all cased characters in S are uppercase and there is"
 3 v1 = test.istitle()
 4 print(v1)
 5 #结果:False
 6 v2 = test.title()
 7 print(v2)
 8 #结果:Return True If All Cased Characters In S Are Uppercase And There Is
 9 v3 = v2.istitle()
10 print(v3)
11 #结果:True
  • join()
1 #将字符串中的每一个元素按照指定分隔符进行拼接
2 test = "你是我的小宝贝"
3 print(test)
4 #结果:你是我的小宝贝
5 t = ' '
6 v = t.join(test)
7 print(v)
8 #结果:你 是 我 的 小 宝 贝
  • islower()/lower()                          
  • isupper()/upper()
 1 #判断是否全部是大小写 和 转换为大小写
 2 test = "soLitary"
 3 v1 = test.islower()
 4 v2 = test.lower()
 5 print(v1, v2)
 6 #结果:False solitary
 7 v3 = test.isupper()
 8 v4 = test.upper()
 9 print(v3,v4)
10 #结果:False SOLITARY
  • lstrip()
  • rstrip()
  • strip()
1 #移除指定字符串
2 test = "xa"
3 v1 = test.lstrip('xa')
4 v2 = test.rstrip('9lexxexa')
5 #有限最多匹配,子序列
6 v3 = test.strip('xa')
7 print(v1,v2,v3)
8 #结果:          
  • translate()
1 #对应关系替换
2 test =  "aeiou"
3 test1 = "12345"
4 v = "asidufkasd;fiuadkf;adfkjalsdjf"
5 m = str.maketrans(test, test1)
6 new_v = v.translate(m)
7 print(new_v)
8 #结果:1s3d5fk1sd;f351dkf;1dfkj1lsdjf
  • partition()
  • rpartition
1 #分割,分割的部分也显示输出
2 test = "testasdsddfg"
3 v1 = test.partition('s')
4 print(v1)
5 #结果:('te', 's', 'tasdsddfg')
6 v2 = test.rpartition('s')
7 print(v2)
8 #结果:('testasd', 's', 'ddfg')
  • split()
  • rsplit()
1 #分割,分割部分不显示输出
2 test = "testasdsddfg"
3 v1 = test.split('s',2)
4 print(v1)
5 #结果:['te', 'ta', 'dsddfg']
6 v2 = test.rsplit('s',2)
7 print(v2)
8 #结果:['testa', 'd', 'ddfg']
  • splitlines()
1 #分割,只能根据/n
2 test = "asdfadfasdf\nasdfasdf\nadfasdf"
3 v = test.splitlines(False) 
4 #true,false:是否保留换行
5 print(v)
6 #结果:['asdfadfasdf', 'asdfasdf', 'adfasdf']
  • swapcase()
1 #大小写转换
2 test = 'soLiTary'
3 v = test.swapcase()
4 print(v)
5 #结果:SOlItARY
  • isidentifier()
1 #判断数字、字母、下划线:标识符
2 a = "de"
3 v = a.isidentifier()
4 print(v)
5 #结果:True
  • replace()
1 #将指定字符串替换为指定字符串
2 test = "alexalexalex"
3 v1 = test.replace("ex",'bbb')
4 print(v1)
5 #结果:albbbalbbbalbbb
6 v2 = test.replace("ex",'bbb',2)
7 print(v2)
8 #结果:albbbalbbbalex

索引,下标,获取字符串中的某一个字符

v = test[3]

切片 

v = test[0:-1]
#0<=       <-1

获取长度 

v = len(test)

###################### 7个基本魔法 ######################

  • join
  • split
  • find
  • strip
  • upper
  • lower
  • replace

###################### 1个深灰魔法 ######################

  • 字符串一旦创建,不可修改
  • 一旦修改或者拼接,都会造成重新生成字符串
#例:
name = "zhengjianwen"
age = "18"

info = name + age

内存不可能会在原有的字符串内进行修改,那样做会耗费很大内存,它只会去创建一个新的字符串  

posted @ 2018-05-19 10:34  Asolitary  阅读(357)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报