#conding:utf-8
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
array = np.array([[1, 2, 3],
[2, 3, 4]]) #矩阵存为数组
print(array)
print('number of dim,几行', array.ndim)
print('shape，行数*列数', array.shape)
print('size，有多少元素', array.size)
a = np.array([2, 23, 4], dtype=np.int64) #类型：例如dype=np.float64
print(a) #[ 2 23 4],没有，区别于列表
print(a.dtype) #输出：int64
#定义矩阵
a = np.array([[2, 23, 4],
[2, 23, 4]])
print(a)
#定义全部为0的矩阵
a = np.zeros((3,4)) #3行4列的全部为0的矩阵
print('3行4列的全部为0的矩阵')
print(a)
a = np.ones((1, 2), dtype=np.int16) #1行2列的全部为0的矩阵
print('1行2列的全部为1的矩阵')
print(a)
a = np.empty((3, 4))
print('3行4列的全部什么都没有（几乎接近于0的数字）的矩阵')
print(a)
a = np.arange(10, 20, 2)
print(a)
#[10 12 14 16 18]
a = np.arange(12).reshape((3,4))
print(a)
# [[ 0 1 2 3]
# [ 4 5 6 7]
# [ 8 9 10 11]]
a = np.linspace(1, 10, 5)
print('生成1-10分成5段的序列')
print(a)
#[ 1. 3.25 5.5 7.75 10. ]
#+-*=/
a = np.array([10, 20, 30, 40])
b = np.arange(4)
print(a, b)
c = a - b
print('a-b', c)
c = a + b
print('a+b', c)
c = a * b
print('a*b', c)
c = a**2
print('a*a', c)
c = 10 * np.sin(a) #c = 10 * np.cos(a)
print('10*sin(a)', c)
print(b < 3) #[ True True True False]
#矩阵运算
a = np.array([[1, 1],
[0, 1]])
b = np.arange(4).reshape((2, 2))
c = a * b #对应位置直接相乘
print(c)
c_dot = np.dot(a, b) #矩阵乘法
c_dot_2 = a.dot(b) #同上，矩阵乘法
print('矩阵乘法', c_dot)
print('矩阵乘法方法2', c_dot_2)
a = np.random.random((2, 4))
print(a) #2行4列的0~1之间的值
print('求和', np.sum(a))
print('最小值', np.min(a))
print('最大值', np.max(a))
print('每一行求和', np.sum(a, axis=1)) #每一行求和 [1.31972875 1.51855042]
print('每一列求最小值', np.min(a, axis=0)) # 每一列求最小值 [0.01769909 0.35831739 0.27856868 0.40177896]
print('对行求平均值', np.mean(a, axis=1))
#6.6 numpy的基本运算2
a = np.arange(2, 14).reshape((3, 4))
print(a)
print('最小值的索引', np.argmin(a)) #最大值的索引np.argmax(a)
print('平均值')
print(np.mean(a))
print(a.mean())
print(np.average(a))
print('中位数')
print(np.median(a))
print('逐项累加', np.cumsum(a)) #逐项累加
print('每邻近的两项相减', np.diff(a))
print('输出非0的位置（行数和列数）', np.nonzero(a))
a = np.arange(14, 2, -1).reshape((3, 4))
print(a)
print('逐行排序', np.sort(a))
#矩阵的反向（转置）
print('矩阵转置', np.transpose(a))
print('a^T*a', (a.T).dot(a))
print('array中所有<5的变成5，>9的变成9，中间的不变', np.clip(a, 5, 9))
#7.7numpy的索引
a = np.arange(3, 15).reshape((3,4))
print(a)
print(a[2][1])
print(a[1, 1:3])
print(a[1, :])
print(a[:, 1])
for row in a: #迭代矩阵的行
print(row)
for column in a.T: #迭代矩阵的列
print(column)
print("输出矩阵a里面的元素：", a.flatten()) #输出[ 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14]
for item in a.flat:
print(item)
#8.8 numpy的array合并
a = np.array([1, 1, 1])
b = np.array([2, 2, 2])
print("上下合并：", np.vstack((a, b)))
#11. 11pandas基本介绍
s = pd.Series([1, 3, 6, np.nan, 44, 1])
print(s)
dates = pd.date_range('20160101',periods = 6)
print('设置索引', dates)
#定义DataFrame
#方法一：numpy导入数据
df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(6, 4), index=dates, columns=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']) #index行索引， columns列索引
print(df)
# a b c d
# 2016-01-01 -0.852069 0.454103 0.720401 -1.379524
# 2016-01-02 -0.695040 0.045785 0.721502 -0.462416
# 2016-01-03 -0.501414 0.215428 1.421680 -2.380329
# 2016-01-04 0.750305 0.012037 0.774156 -0.889714
# 2016-01-05 0.120922 1.640206 -0.058068 1.104911
# 2016-01-06 -0.059252 -0.252355 -0.192977 -1.294317
#字典一行一行的导入数据
df2 = pd.DataFrame({'A': 1.,
'B': pd.Timestamp('20130102'),
'C': pd.Series(1, index=list(range(4)), dtype='float32'),
'D': np.array([3]*4, dtype='float32'),
'E': pd.Categorical(['test', 'train', 'test', 'train']),
'F': 'foo'})
print(df2)
print('每个维度的类型：', df2.dtypes)
print('输出所有列的标序：', df2.index)
print('输出所有行的标序：', df2.columns)
print('输出每一行的值：', df2.values)
print('描述（数值型的方差均值等）：', df2.describe())
print('矩阵转置：', df2.T)
print('列项倒排（行项axis=0）：', df2.sort_index(axis=1, ascending=False))
print('按值排序：', df2.sort_values(by='E'))
#12. 12pandas选择数据
datas = pd.date_range('20130101', periods=6)
df3 = pd.DataFrame(np.arange(24).reshape((6, 4)), index=datas, columns=['A', 'B', 'C', 'D'])
print(df3)
print('输出一列，两种方法：', df3['A'], df3.A)
print(df3[0:3], df3['20130102':'20130104'])
print('根据标签来选择(.loc)：', df3.loc['20130102'])
print(df3.loc[:, ['A', 'B']])
print(df3.loc['20130101', ['A', 'B']])
print('筛选出3到5行，1到3列：', df3.iloc[3:5, 1:3])
print('将iloc和loc结合起来筛选,同时用数字和标签混合筛选(.ix)：', df3.ix[:3, ['A', 'C']])
print('df3[df3.A<8]', df3[df3.A < 8])
#13. 13pandas设置值
df3.iloc[2, 2] = 111
print(df3)
df3.loc['20130101', 'B'] = 222
print(df3)
df3[df3.A > 4] = 0
print(df3)
df3['E'] = np.nan
print('添加一行新的空序列E:', df3)
df3['F'] = pd.Series([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], index=pd.date_range('20130101', periods = 6))
print('添加一列F:', df3)
#17. 17pandas处理缺失值
df3.iloc[0, 1] = np.nan
df3.iloc[1, 2] = np.nan
print(df3)
print('只要列上有nan就丢掉整列:', df3.dropna(axis=1, how='any')) #只要列上有nan就丢掉整列
print('只有整列都是nan的时候才丢掉整列：', df3.dropna(axis=1, how='all'))
print(df3.fillna(value=0))
print('检测是否有nan', df3.isnull())
print('数据中至少有一个nan：', np.any(df3.isnull())==True)
#15. 15pandas导入导出
path = '../data/'
#data = pd.read_csv(path+'101_wang_feat.csv')
#print('读取文件', data)
#data.to_pickle(path+'sivetest.pickle')
#16. 16pandas合并concat
#concatenating
df1 = pd.DataFrame(np.ones((3, 4))*0, columns=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])
df2 = pd.DataFrame(np.ones((3, 4))*1, columns=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])
df3 = pd.DataFrame(np.ones((3, 4))*2, columns=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])
print(df1)
print(df2)
print(df3)
res = pd.concat([df1, df2, df3], axis=0)
print(res)
#join ['inner', 'outer']
df1 = pd.DataFrame(np.ones((3, 4))*0, columns=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], index=[1, 2, 3])
df2 = pd.DataFrame(np.ones((3, 4))*1, columns=['b', 'c', 'd', 'e'], index=[2, 3, 4])
df3 = pd.DataFrame(np.ones((3, 4))*1, columns=['b', 'c', 'd', 'e'], index=[2, 3, 4])
print(df1)
print(df2)
res = pd.concat([df1, df2])
print('合并df1,df2所有的项，没有的值补为NAN：', res)
res = pd.concat([df1, df2], join='outer')
print("join='outer'(默认形式同上)合并df1,df2所有的项，没有的值补为NAN：", res)
res = pd.concat([df1, df2], join='inner', ignore_index=True)
print(" join='inner'合并df1,df2都有的项, ignore_index=True,序项排序", res)
res = pd.concat([df1, df2], axis=1, join_axes=[df1.index])
print("join_axes=[df1.index],以df1的index为准", res)
res = df1.append([df2, df3], ignore_index=True)
print("在df1后面追加df2:", res)
s1 = pd.Series([1, 2, 3, 4], index=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])
print(s1)
res = df1.append(s1, ignore_index=True)
print(res)
#17. 17pandas合并merge
left = pd.DataFrame({'key': ['K0', 'K1', 'K2', 'K3'],
'A': ['A0', 'A1', 'A2', 'A3'],
'B': ['B0', 'B1', 'B2', 'B3']})
right = pd.DataFrame({'key': ['K0', 'K1', 'K2', 'K3'],
'C': ['C0', 'C1', 'C2', 'C3'],
'D': ['D0', 'D1', 'D2', 'D3']})
print(left)
print(right)
res = pd.merge(left, right, on='key')
print('基于key合并left和right：', res)
left = pd.DataFrame({'key1': ['K0', 'K0', 'K1', 'K2'],
'key2': ['K0', 'K1', 'K0', 'K1'],
'A': ['A0', 'A1', 'A2', 'A3'],
'B': ['B0', 'B1', 'B2', 'B3']})
right = pd.DataFrame({'key1': ['K0', 'K1', 'K1', 'K2'],
'key2': ['K0', 'K0', 'K0', 'K0'],
'C': ['C0', 'C1', 'C2', 'C3'],
'D': ['D0', 'D1', 'D2', 'D3']})
#how=['left', 'right', 'inner', 'outer']
res = pd.merge(left, right, on=['key1', 'key2'])
print('合并多列时输出满足多列值同时相同的部分（默认how=inner）：')
print(res)
res = pd.merge(left, right, on=['key1', 'key2'], how='outer', indicator=True)
print("合并多列时输出所以已有的多列值的组合，没有的补NAN（how=outer）,indicator=True显示左右组合的情况。默认该列的名字是_merge,改名字： indicator='indicator_column'：")
print(res)
#merged by index
left = pd.DataFrame({'A': ['A0', 'A1', 'A2'],
'B': ['B0', 'B1', 'B2']},
index=['K0', 'K1', 'K2'])
right = pd.DataFrame({'C': ['C0', 'C1', 'C2'],
'D': ['D0', 'D1', 'D2']},
index=['K0', 'K2', 'K3'])
print("left")
print(left)
print("right")
print(right)
res = pd.merge(left, right, left_index=True, right_index=True, how='outer')
print("merged by index")
print(res)
boys = pd.DataFrame({'k': ['K0', 'K1', 'K2'],
'age': [1, 2, 3]})
girls = pd.DataFrame({'k': ['K0', 'K0', 'K3'],
'age': [4, 5, 6]})
print(boys)
print(girls)
res = pd.merge(boys, girls, on='k', suffixes=['_boy', '_girl'], how='outer')
print(res)
#18, 18pandas plot
data = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(1000, 4),
index=np.arange(1000),
columns=list("ABCD"))
print(data.head())
data = data.cumsum()
print(data.head())
data.plot()
plt.show()
#plot方法：
#'bar','hist', 'box', 'kde', 'area', 'scatter', 'hexbin', 'pie'
ax = data.plot.scatter(x='A', y='B', color='DarkBlue', label='Class 1')
data.plot.scatter(x='A', y='C', color='green', label='Class 2', ax=ax) #ax=ax,将两个图打印在一张图上
plt.show()
