nginx编译安装步骤

    ①. 检查软件安装的系统环境

         cat /etc/redhat-release

              uname -r

                                 

    ②. 安装nginx的依赖包(pcre-devel openssl-devel)---假设不进行安装

        yum install -y pcre-devel openssl-devel  

         ③. 下载nginx软件---1.10.2 复制链接地址(统一位置进行下载)        

        mkdir -p /home/oldboy/tools

        cd /home/oldboy/tools

        wget -q http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.10.3.tar.gz

              说明:软件很小,用心查看一下

      

      ④. 编译安装软件步骤

        a. 解压要编译安装的软件(解压软件---配置(./configure)---做菜(编译 make)---上菜(安装 make install))

           tar xf nginx-1.10.2.tar.gz

ps -ef |grep sshd

id www   #查看用户

uid=666(www) gid=666(www) groups=666(www)

userdel -r www  #删除虚拟用户

useradd www -s /sbin.nologin -M  #创建虚拟用户

id www

 

           cd nginx-1.10.2

           ls (里面的内容就是源代码(config readme安装说明)---默认编译会安装到/usr/local目录)

           useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M www                                                                                    <--- 创建web服务程序www用户

           ./configure --prefix=/application/nginx-1.10.2 --user=www --group=www --with-http_stub_status_module  --with-http_ssl_module      #配置文件

echo $?

                 (编译参数说明后续补充说明)

           make   编译

echo $?

           make install    编译安装

                 软件编译过程中,利用返回值,判断操作是否正确

           echo $?

            cd /application/

           ln -s /application/nginx-1.10.2  /application/nginx                                  <--- 安装完成一个软件要做一个软链接

        b. 启动nginx软件程序进行测试

           /application/nginx/sbin/nginx

           lsof -i:80

netstat -lntup|grep 80    查看80端口

           浏览器访问 10.0.0.8:80

           至此软件安装完毕:

04:

    ③. nginx软件使用过程中疑难杂症(参考教案说明)

        · Nginx启动的疑难杂症汇总

 

    ④. nginx软件排查问题三部曲说明

         a 在客户端上ping服务器端IP,检查链路是否通畅

              b 在客户端上telnet服务器端IP、端口,检查链路访问是否通畅

              c 在客户端上wget检测模拟页面访问是否正常

 

## nginx命令说明

# nginx 启动方法

[root@web01 application]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx

nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)

nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)

nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)

nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)

nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)

nginx: [emerg] still could not bind()

[root@web01 application]#

 

# nginx 停止方法

[root@web01 application]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop

[root@web01 application]# ps -ef|grep nginx

root       4283   1773  0 21:52 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx

[root@web01 application]# netstat -lntup|grep 80

[root@web01 application]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx

[root@web01 application]#

 

# nginx 重启方法(平滑)

[root@web01 application]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

 

# nginx 配置文件语法检查

[root@web01 application]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

nginx: the configuration file /application/nginx-1.10.3/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok

nginx: configuration file /application/nginx-1.10.3/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

 

mysql软件

    mysql软件下载地址信息: www.mysql.com   mirrors.sohu.com

    mysql软件下载完毕后,查看mysql解压后目录文件大小

    讲解安装mysql步骤

      1) 下载解压mysql二进制软件包

             tar xf mysql-5.6.34-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

        #解压数据库压缩包

    2) 添加mysql程序运行时的管理用户

        useradd -s /sbin/nologin  -M mysql

        #创建虚拟用户

    3) 将mysql解压后的程序包搬家到程序目录下,并进行重命名

        mkdir -p /application/

          #创建程序目录

mv /server/tools/mysql-5.6.34-*-x86_64 /application/mysql-5.6.34

          #将程序搬迁

    4) 为mysql服务程序创建软链接

        ln -s /application/mysql-5.6.34/ /application/mysql

         #创建软连接

    5) 让mysql用户管理 /application/mysql/

        chown -R mysql.mysql /application/mysql/data

         ## 用虚拟用户管理

    6)  初始化数据库

        #1. 确认软件安装在哪里

        #2. 确认数据存放在哪里

        #3. 确认MySQL使用的用户谁?

        /application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/application/mysql/data --user=mysql

                   ==================================================================================================

                  

        下面是解释

 

To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy

        support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system

        mysql启动脚本 默认放在support-files/mysql.server 

       

        记得给MySQL设置个密码

        PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !

        To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:

        创建密码的代码

 /application/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root          password 'new-password'

          远程创建密码

/application/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h web01 password 'new-password'

                   ==================================================================================================                  

    7) 复制启动脚本 授权

        cp /application/mysql/support-files/mysql.server  /etc/init.d/mysqld

        chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld

    8) 修改启动脚本 和 mysql命令中的路径

        sed -i 's#/usr/local/mysql#/application/mysql#g' /application/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe /etc/init.d/mysqld

        #将默认的东西改为自己的  将后面两个配置文件的全部都`修改

    9)  复制默认的配置文件

        \cp /application/mysql/support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf  #复制

      

 /etc/init.d/mysqld start                #启动

        至此,mysql数据库安装与启动完成;可以检测进程和服务端口,确认mysql服务是否启动正确

        

                    

    讲解管理mysql数据库        

    1) 进入与退出mysql数据库方法:

             /application/mysql/bin/mysql

 

 

             =============================================

                   扩展知识:登录数据库命令简化方法

                   echo 'export PATH=/application/mysql/bin:$PATH' >>/etc/profile

        source /etc/profile

        which mysql

             =============================================

        退出数据库时,尽量不要用ctrl+c进行退出mysql 用ctrl+d进行退出

 

    2) 设置mysql服务开机自启动    

        ####11.加入开机自启动

        chkconfig --add mysqld

        chkconfig mysqld on

 

    3) 设置mysql数据库登录用户名与密码

        ####12.给MySQL root用户设置密码

        /application/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'oldboy123'

        mysql  -u   root -p  oldboy123

       

                   初级 添加删除系列

        #创建数据库

        create database wordpress;

        #删除数据库

        drop database wordpress;

        #############################################################################################################

 

02:LNMP PHP软件安装

    讲解安装PHP步骤

    1) 解决PHP软件的依赖关系

        yum install zlib-devel libxml2-devel libjpeg-devel libjpeg-turbo-devel libiconv-devel -y

        yum install freetype-devel libpng-devel gd-devel libcurl-devel libxslt-devel libxslt-devel -y

 

        rpm -qa zlib-devel libxml2-devel libjpeg-devel libjpeg-turbo-devel libiconv-devel freetype-devel libpng-devel gd-devel libcurl-devel libxslt-devel

            #查看是否下载成功

 

 

        libiconv软件安装--和字符集转换相关的软件

      

 #mkdir -p /server/tools

        cd /server/tools

           #wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.14.tar.gz

        tar zxf libiconv-1.14.tar.gz

        cd libiconv-1.14

        ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libiconv

        make

        make install

        cd ../

       

 

                   和数据加密相关的三个软件安装

        #wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo

          #更换源

      yum -y install libmcrypt-devel mhash mcrypt

         #查看是否安装成功

rpm -qa libmcrypt-devel mhash mcrypt

                  

      2) 下载解压PHP软件

cd /server/tools/    #进入目录

tar xf php-5.5.32.tar.gz   #解压压缩包

cd php-5.5.32         #进入目录

#下面是配置文件

./configure \     

--prefix=/application/php-5.5.32 \

--with-mysql=/application/mysql/ \

--with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \

--with-iconv-dir=/usr/local/libiconv \

--with-freetype-dir \

--with-jpeg-dir \

--with-png-dir \

--with-zlib \

--with-libxml-dir=/usr \

--enable-xml \

--disable-rpath \

--enable-bcmath \

--enable-shmop \

--enable-sysvsem \

--enable-inline-optimization \

--with-curl \

--enable-mbregex \

--enable-fpm \

--enable-mbstring \

--with-mcrypt \

--with-gd \

--enable-gd-native-ttf \

--with-openssl \

--with-mhash \

--enable-pcntl \

--enable-sockets \

--with-xmlrpc \

--enable-soap \

--enable-short-tags \

--enable-static \

--with-xsl \

--with-fpm-user=www \

--with-fpm-group=www \

--enable-ftp \

--enable-opcache=no

 

        #Generating files

        #configure: creating ./config.status

        #creating main/internal_functions.c

        #creating main/internal_functions_cli.c

        #+--------------------------------------------------------------------+

        #| License:                                                           |

        #| This software is subject to the PHP License, available in this     |

        #| distribution in the file LICENSE.  By continuing this installation |

        #| process, you are bound by the terms of this license agreement.     |

        #| If you do not agree with the terms of this license, you must abort |

        #| the installation process at this point.                            |

        #+--------------------------------------------------------------------+

        #

        #Thank you for using PHP.

make  

        make install            <- 创建目录,生成程序文件信息

                   了解FastCGI

                  

      3) PHP软件程序创建软链接

        ln -s /application/php-5.5.32/ /application/php

 

      4) 配置php解析文件/配置php-fpm配置文件

        #上边是开发用的 下面是运维用的

cd /server/tools/php-5.5.32

        cp php.ini-production /application/php/lib/php.ini

                   php.ini-production 与 php.ini-development 文件区别关系对比

                   扩展:文件比较命令 diff zdiff vimdiff windows上的文件比较

        cd /application/php/etc/

        cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf

                  

      5) 启动php-fpm程序

             /application/php/sbin/php-fpm

    )6检查

        lsof -i :9000                    <--- 确认php 9000端口是否正确启动

        ps -ef|grep php-fpm

                  

03:wordpress博客站点部署配置

    1) 修改nginx配置文件,使nginx程序与php程序建立联系

        vim extra/blog.conf

        server {

                listen       80;

                server_name  blog.etiantian.org;

                location / {

                            root   html/blog;

                            index  index.php index.html index.htm;   <-- 需要注意编辑修改默认首页文件  index 

                }

                location ~* .*\.(php|php5)?$ {         #主要添加下面这行

                            root html/blog;

                            fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;

                            fastcgi_index index.php;

                            include fastcgi.conf;

                }

        }                

                   说明:利用nginx的location区块实现动态请求与静态请求的分别处理

                  

实例

[root@web01 extra]# pwd

/application/nginx/conf/extra

[root@web01 extra]# cat blog.conf

server {

        listen       80;

        server_name  blog.etiantian.org;

        location / {

            root   html/blog;

            index   index.php index.html index.htm;

        }

        location ~* .*\.(php|php5)?$ {

            root html/blog;

            fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;

            fastcgi_index index.php;

            include fastcgi.conf;

        }

    }

    2) 编辑nginx与php连通性测试文件,并进行测试

        echo '<?php phpinfo(); ?>'        >/application/nginx/html/blog/test_info.php   #创建测试文件

      

 

 测试站点

        curl  http://blog.etiantian.org/index.html            <-- 静态请求站点文件信息测试    

        curl  http://blog.etiantian.org/test_info.php         <-- 动态请求站点文件信息测试

        说明:当php服务停止时,9000端口信息消失,即停止PHP错误报502错误

                   linux系统测试完毕后,建议利用浏览器进行最终测试,测试效果更明显些

 

 

    3) 编辑php与mysql连通性测试文件,并进行测试

           a. 创建数据库

                      mysql   -u  root -p  oldboy123;       #进入数据库

                      show databases;                      <--- 查看当前数据库信息

                      create database wordpress;             

        

实例        

mysql> mysql -uroot -poldboy123;

ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'mysql -uroot -poldboy123' at line 1

mysql>    create database wordpress;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.53 sec)

              b. 添加用户信息            

                     grant all on wordpress.* to 'wordpress'@'localhost' indentified by 'oldboy123';

                      grant all on wordpress.* to 'wordpress'@'172.16.1.%' indentified by 'oldboy123';

                      flush privileges;

                      drop user wordpress@'172.16.1.8';    <--- 删除用户信息

                      select user,host from mysql.user;    <--- 查看用户信息

                      mysql -uwordpress -p123456           <--- 测试创建的用户连接

           show databases;                      <--- 查看当前数据库信息

 

实例

 

mysql> show databases;

+--------------------+

| Database           |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| mysql              |

| performance_schema |

| test               |

| wordpress          |

+--------------------+

5 rows in set (0.33 sec)

 

mysql> grant all on wordpress.* to 'wordpress'@'10.0.0.%' identified by 'oldboy123';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.47 sec)

 

mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;

+-----------+-----------+

| user      | host      |

+-----------+-----------+

| wordpress | 10.0.0.%  |

| root      | 127.0.0.1 |

| root      | ::1       |

|           | localhost |

| root      | localhost |

|           | web01     |

| root      | web01     |

+-----------+-----------+

7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

              c. 测试php与数据库连通性

                      vim test_mysql.php

<?php

//$link_id=mysql_connect('主机名','用户','密码');

//mysql -u用户 -p密码 -h 主机

$link_id=mysql_connect('localhost','wordpress','oldboy123') or mysql_error();

if($link_id){

             echo "mysql successful by oldboy !\n";

            }else{

             echo mysql_error();

            }

?>

curl blog.etiantian.org/test_mysql.php       <-- 测试php与数据库的连通性

                  

 

 

    4) 下载部署wordpress博客程序(https://cn.wordpress.org/   英文官网:https://www.wordpress.org/ )   

                   wget https://cn.wordpress.org/wordpress-4.5.1-zh_CN.tar.gz

        tar xf wordpress-4.5.1-zh_CN.tar.gz

        mv wordpress/* /application/nginx/html/blog/

        chown -R www.www /application/nginx/html/blog/

                   注意:确认hosts文件进行了解析

                   浏览器页面进行wordpress部署          

                   vim wp-config.php  可以修改wordpress上的数据库连接参数信息

                  

 

 

04:wordpress博客站点数据库迁移

    迁移数据库:利用数据库备份命令

    1) 备份数据库数据库信息

        mysqldump -uroot -poldboy123 --all-databases >/tmp/bak.sql

        ll /tmp/bak.sql -h

        scp /tmp/bak.sql 172.16.1.51:/tmp/

 

    2) 恢复数据库数据库信息                  

        ##db01

        mysql -uroot -poldboy123 </tmp/bak.sql

        ###db01添加新的用户

        grant all on wordpress.* to wordpress@'172.16.1.0/255.255.255.0' identified by 'oldboy123';

        flush privileges;

        mysql -uwordpress -poldboy123 -h 172.16.1.51

 

    3) 数据库迁移完毕,修改网站连接数据库的配置文件

        mysql -uwordpress -poldboy123 -h 172.16.1.51       <-- 修改配置文件之前,先测试网站web服务器与迁移后的数据库连通性    

                   vim wp-config.php                                  <-- 修改wordpress上的数据库连接参数信息

                   /** MySQL主机 */

                   define('DB_HOST','172.16.1.51')                    <-- 修改连接的主机信息,将localhost修改为172.16.1.51

                   说明:web服务器数据库此时可以关闭了

                  

05. 进行数据迁移到NFS共享服务器

    01:先将原有目录中数据移出

        cd /application/nginx/html/blog/wp-content/uploads

        mkdir /tmp/wordpress_backup -p

        mv ./* /tmp/wordpress_backup/

   

    02:NFS服务器上配置创建共享目录

        vim /etc/exports

        /data 172.16.1.0/24(rw,sync,all_squash)

        showmount -e 172.16.1.31

        mount -t nfs 172.16.1.31:/data /mnt/

       

        showmount -e 172.16.1.31

        mount -t nfs 172.16.1.31:/data/ ./uploads/

        mv /tmp/wordpress_backup/* ./

 

 

 

 

posted on 2017-09-13 23:18  一刀一刀  阅读(632)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报