MySQL Cluster 日常维护

 

 在前面几篇文章已经详细介绍了MySQL Cluster的搭建,配置讲解。而且相信大家都掌握了基本用法。现在我们来看看Cluster的日常维护。熟悉日常维护,将有助于工作中更好的管理和使用Cluster。

一. 数据备份

相信大家都熟悉mysql的日常备份工具,比如mysqldump对数据库进行逻辑备份。这个方法同样适用MySQL Cluster,备份方法和其他存储引擎一样,唯一的区别是在任意的SQL节点备份数据。我们来看一个例子。

我这里在SQL节点192.168.0.70上面使用mysqldump备份test库:

[root@192.168.0.70 ~]# mysqldump  --single-transaction --skip-comments test > /data/bak.sql
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DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t1`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `t1` (
  `name` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=ndbcluster DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;

LOCK TABLES `t1` WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `t1` DISABLE KEYS */;
INSERT INTO `t1` VALUES ('yayun'),('atlas');
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `t1` ENABLE KEYS */;
UNLOCK TABLES;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */;
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可以看见导出的SQL和其他引擎没有区别,这里就不详细介绍了。我们重点介绍cluster的物理备份方法。还是以前面搭建的cluster环境为例子。当集群全部启动以后,进入管理节点执行start backup命令启动备份。输入?可以查看各种帮助选项。

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ndb_mgm> ?
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 NDB Cluster -- Management Client -- Help
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
HELP                                   Print help text
HELP COMMAND                           Print detailed help for COMMAND(e.g. SHOW)
SHOW                                   Print information about cluster
CREATE NODEGROUP <id>,<id>...          Add a Nodegroup containing nodes
DROP NODEGROUP <NG>                    Drop nodegroup with id NG
START BACKUP [NOWAIT | WAIT STARTED | WAIT COMPLETED]
START BACKUP [<backup id>] [NOWAIT | WAIT STARTED | WAIT COMPLETED]
START BACKUP [<backup id>] [SNAPSHOTSTART | SNAPSHOTEND] [NOWAIT | WAIT STARTED | WAIT COMPLETED]
                                       Start backup (default WAIT COMPLETED,SNAPSHOTEND)
ABORT BACKUP <backup id>               Abort backup
SHUTDOWN                               Shutdown all processes in cluster
CLUSTERLOG ON [<severity>] ...         Enable Cluster logging
CLUSTERLOG OFF [<severity>] ...        Disable Cluster logging
CLUSTERLOG TOGGLE [<severity>] ...     Toggle severity filter on/off
CLUSTERLOG INFO                        Print cluster log information
<id> START                             Start data node (started with -n)
<id> RESTART [-n] [-i] [-a] [-f]       Restart data or management server node
<id> STOP [-a] [-f]                    Stop data or management server node
ENTER SINGLE USER MODE <id>            Enter single user mode
EXIT SINGLE USER MODE                  Exit single user mode
<id> STATUS                            Print status
<id> CLUSTERLOG {<category>=<level>}+  Set log level for cluster log
PURGE STALE SESSIONS                   Reset reserved nodeid's in the mgmt server
CONNECT [<connectstring>]              Connect to management server (reconnect if already connected)
<id> REPORT <report-type>              Display report for <report-type>
QUIT                                   Quit management client

<severity> = ALERT | CRITICAL | ERROR | WARNING | INFO | DEBUG
<category> = STARTUP | SHUTDOWN | STATISTICS | CHECKPOINT | NODERESTART | CONNECTION | INFO | ERROR | CONGESTION | DEBUG | BACKUP | SCHEMA
<level>    = 0 - 15
<id>       = ALL | Any database node id

For detailed help on COMMAND, use HELP COMMAND.
ndb_mgm> 
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输入start backup启动备份,如下:

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ndb_mgm> START BACKUP
Waiting for completed, this may take several minutes
Node 2: Backup 1 started from node 1
Node 2: Backup 1 started from node 1 completed
 StartGCP: 1232 StopGCP: 1235
 #Records: 2061 #LogRecords: 0
 Data: 51864 bytes Log: 0 bytes
ndb_mgm> 
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在备份日志中,需要注意"Backup 1",它表示该备份的唯一ID,如果做第二次备份,备份ID会变成"Backup 2"。当日志中显示"Node 2: Backup 1 started from node 1 completed"时,本次备份结束。备份的数据保存在每个NDB(数据节点)下,具体的备份路径是$MYSQL_HOME/data/BACKUP/BACKUP-ID。这是默认的,我的数据放在/data/mysql-cluster/data/,所以备份也在该目录下面。上面的备份可以在两个数据节点都可以看到:

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[root@192.168.0.40 BACKUP-1]# pwd
/data/mysql-cluster/data/BACKUP/BACKUP-1
[root@192.168.0.40 BACKUP-1]# ll
total 48
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 25660 Apr 16 22:24 BACKUP-1-0.3.Data
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 14096 Apr 16 22:24 BACKUP-1.3.ctl
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    52 Apr 16 22:24 BACKUP-1.3.log
[root@192.168.0.40 BACKUP-1]# 
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[root@192.168.0.50 BACKUP-1]# pwd
/data/mysql-cluster/data/BACKUP/BACKUP-1
[root@192.168.0.50 BACKUP-1]# ll
total 48
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 26748 Apr 16 22:24 BACKUP-1-0.2.Data
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 14096 Apr 16 22:24 BACKUP-1.2.ctl
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    52 Apr 16 22:24 BACKUP-1.2.log
[root@192.168.0.50 BACKUP-1]# 
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大家或许发现了以上两个节点的备份文件名不一样,一个包含".2",另外一个包含".3",这个数字表明了此备份是哪个数据节点上的数据。下面清楚的显示了ID号。

[ndbd(NDB)]     2 node(s)
id=2    @192.168.0.50  (mysql-5.5.19 ndb-7.2.4, Nodegroup: 0, Master)
id=3    @192.168.0.40  (mysql-5.5.19 ndb-7.2.4, Nodegroup: 0)

对于大数据量的备份,MySQL Cluster还提供了几个备份的参数可供调整,这些参数需要写在config.ini的[NDBD DEFAULT]或者[NDBD]组中,对各参数的具体说明如下:

(1)BackupDataBufferSize:将数据写入磁盘之前用于对数据进行缓冲处理的内存量。

(2)BackupLogBufferSzie: 将日志记录写入磁盘之前用于对其进行缓冲处理的内存量。

(3)BackupMemory:          在数据库节点中为备份分配的总内存。它应是分配给备份数据缓冲的内存和分配给日志缓冲的内存之和。

(4)BackupWriteSize:        每次写入磁盘的块大小,适用于备份数据缓冲和备份日志缓冲。

二. 数据恢复

对于用"start backup" 进行备份的cluster,必须使用ndb_restore工具进行数据恢复。ndb_restore是mysql cluster带的管理工具,在shell中执行,而不是ndb_mgm工具中的一个命令。

我们上面已经备份数据了,我们人为删除test库下面的表t1,然后恢复数据:

mysql> drop table test.t1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.64 sec)
mysql>

(1)在数据节点2(192.168.0.50)的shell命令中执行如下命令:

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[root@192.168.0.50 ~]# ndb_restore -b 1 -n 2 -c host=192.168.0.30:1186 -m -r /data/mysql-cluster/data/BACKUP/BACKUP-1/
Backup Id = 1
Nodeid = 2
backup path = /data/mysql-cluster/data/BACKUP/BACKUP-1/
Opening file '/data/mysql-cluster/data/BACKUP/BACKUP-1/BACKUP-1.2.ctl'
File size 14096 bytes
Backup version in files: ndb-6.3.11 ndb version: mysql-5.5.19 ndb-7.2.4
Stop GCP of Backup: 1234
Connected to ndb!!
Successfully restored table `test/def/t1`
Successfully restored table event REPL$test/t1
Opening file '/data/mysql-cluster/data/BACKUP/BACKUP-1/BACKUP-1-0.2.Data'
File size 26748 bytes
_____________________________________________________
Processing data in table: mysql/def/NDB$BLOB_7_3(8) fragment 0
_____________________________________________________
Processing data in table: mysql/def/ndb_index_stat_sample(5) fragment 0
_____________________________________________________
Processing data in table: sys/def/NDB$EVENTS_0(3) fragment 0
_____________________________________________________
Processing data in table: mysql/def/ndb_apply_status(9) fragment 0
_____________________________________________________
Processing data in table: mysql/def/ndb_index_stat_head(4) fragment 0
_____________________________________________________
Processing data in table: test/def/t1(10) fragment 0
_____________________________________________________
Processing data in table: sys/def/SYSTAB_0(2) fragment 0
_____________________________________________________
Processing data in table: mysql/def/ndb_schema(7) fragment 0
Opening file '/data/mysql-cluster/data/BACKUP/BACKUP-1/BACKUP-1.2.log'
File size 52 bytes
Restored 1 tuples and 0 log entries

NDBT_ProgramExit: 0 - OK

[root@192.168.0.50 ~]# 
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其中命令行中的各参数意义如下:

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参数                    说明
-b                      备份id
-n                      NDB节点id
-m                      恢复表定义
-r                      备份路径
-c                      cluster管理节点连接
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因为是第一个节点恢复,所以需要加参数-m来恢复表定义,这样在其他节点恢复时就不需要再加该参数,否则会报如下错误:

Unable to find table: `t1`
Restore: Failed to restore table: `test/def/t1` ... Exiting 

(2)在节点3(192.168.0.40)再进行恢复:

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[root@192.168.0.40 ~]# ndb_restore -b 1 -n 3 -c host=192.168.0.30:1186 -r /data/mysql-cluster/data/BACKUP/BACKUP-1/    
Backup Id = 1
Nodeid = 3
backup path = /data/mysql-cluster/data/BACKUP/BACKUP-1/
Opening file '/data/mysql-cluster/data/BACKUP/BACKUP-1/BACKUP-1.3.ctl'
File size 14096 bytes
Backup version in files: ndb-6.3.11 ndb version: mysql-5.5.19 ndb-7.2.4
Stop GCP of Backup: 1234
Connected to ndb!!
Opening file '/data/mysql-cluster/data/BACKUP/BACKUP-1/BACKUP-1-0.3.Data'
File size 25660 bytes
_____________________________________________________
Processing data in table: mysql/def/NDB$BLOB_7_3(8) fragment 1
_____________________________________________________
Processing data in table: mysql/def/ndb_index_stat_sample(5) fragment 1
_____________________________________________________
Processing data in table: sys/def/NDB$EVENTS_0(3) fragment 1
_____________________________________________________
Processing data in table: mysql/def/ndb_apply_status(9) fragment 1
_____________________________________________________
Processing data in table: mysql/def/ndb_index_stat_head(4) fragment 1
_____________________________________________________
Processing data in table: test/def/t1(10) fragment 1
_____________________________________________________
Processing data in table: sys/def/SYSTAB_0(2) fragment 1
_____________________________________________________
Processing data in table: mysql/def/ndb_schema(7) fragment 1
Opening file '/data/mysql-cluster/data/BACKUP/BACKUP-1/BACKUP-1.3.log'
File size 52 bytes
Restored 1 tuples and 0 log entries

NDBT_ProgramExit: 0 - OK

[root@192.168.0.40 ~]# 
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(4)查看数据是否恢复(任意SQL节点,这里选择192.168.0.70):

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mysql> select * from t1;
+-------+
| name  |
+-------+
| yayun |
| atlas |
+-------+
2 rows in set (0.05 sec)

mysql> 
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此时数据已经恢复正常。

三 .日志管理

MySQL Cluster提供了两种日志,分别是集群日志(cluster log)和节点日志(node log)。前者记录了所有Cluster节点生成的日志,后者仅仅记录了数据节点的本地事件。在大多数情况下,一般推荐使用集群日志,因为它在一个地方记录了所有节点的数据,更方便进行管理。节点日志一般在开发过程中使用,或者用来调试程序代码。

clusterlog一般记录在配置文件(config.ini)所在的目录下,文件名格式为ndb_<nodeid>_cluster.log,其中nodeid为管理节点号。

下面是测试环境中的一段clusterlog:

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[root@192.168.0.30 mysql-cluster]# tail -n 10 ndb_1_cluster.log 
 #Tablespaces: 0 #Logfilegroups: 0 #datafiles: 0 #undofiles: 0
2014-04-16 23:21:48 [MgmtSrvr] INFO     -- Node 6: Restore data: backup 3 from node 3 #Records: 3201 Data: 44814 bytes
2014-04-16 23:21:48 [MgmtSrvr] INFO     -- Node 6: Restore log: backup 3 from node 3 #Records: 0 Data: 0 bytes
2014-04-16 23:21:48 [MgmtSrvr] INFO     -- Node 6: Restore completed: backup 3 from node 3
2014-04-16 23:21:48 [MgmtSrvr] ALERT    -- Node 2: Node 6 Disconnected
2014-04-16 23:21:48 [MgmtSrvr] INFO     -- Node 2: Communication to Node 6 closed
2014-04-16 23:21:48 [MgmtSrvr] INFO     -- Node 3: Communication to Node 6 closed
2014-04-16 23:21:48 [MgmtSrvr] ALERT    -- Node 3: Node 6 Disconnected
2014-04-16 23:21:51 [MgmtSrvr] INFO     -- Node 3: Communication to Node 6 opened
2014-04-16 23:21:52 [MgmtSrvr] INFO     -- Node 2: Communication to Node 6 opened
[root@192.168.0.30 mysql-cluster]# 
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可以使用ndb_mgm客户端管理工具打开或者关闭日志,具体操作如下:

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[root@192.168.0.30 ~]# ndb_mgm
-- NDB Cluster -- Management Client --
ndb_mgm> clusterlog info
Connected to Management Server at: localhost:1186
Severities enabled: INFO WARNING ERROR CRITICAL ALERT 
ndb_mgm> 
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当前日志是打开的,可以用clusterlog off命令关闭日志:

ndb_mgm> clusterlog off
Cluster logging is disabled
ndb_mgm> 

查看日志状态发现已关闭:

ndb_mgm> clusterlog info
Cluster logging is disabled.
ndb_mgm> 

执行命令clusterlog on将日志打开:

ndb_mgm> clusterlog on
Cluster logging is enabled.
ndb_mgm> clusterlog info
Severities enabled: INFO WARNING ERROR CRITICAL ALERT 
ndb_mgm> 

cluster中的日志有很多类型,可以按照如下类别进行过滤,使得日志只记录我们关心的信息。

(1)Category(类别):可以是STARTUP,SHUTDOWN,STATISTICS,CHECKPOINT,NODERESTART,CONNECTION,ERROR或者INFO中的任意值。具体的信息大家可以查阅mysql相关文档。

(2)Priority(优先级):由从1-15的数字表示,1表示最重要,而15表示最不重要。每种Category都有一个 默认的优先级阀值,如下面所示,优先级阀值以下的日志将被记录,反之,优先级阀值以上的日志将不会被记录。

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类别            默认阀值(所有数据节点)
STARTUP                 7
SHUTDOWN                7
STATISTICS              7
CHECKPOINT              7
NODERESTART             7
CONNECTION              7
ERROR                   15
INFO                    7
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(3)Severity Level(严重级别):可以是下面的值之一,ALERT,CRITICAL,ERROR,WARNING,INFO或DEBUG。这些值的含义如下:

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严重级别                        事件定义
ALERT                   应立刻更正的情况,如损坏的系统数据库
CRITICAL                临界状况,如设备错误或资源不足
ERROR                   应予以更正的状况,如配置错误
WARNING                 不能称为错误的情况,但仍需要特别处理
INFO                    通报性信息
DEBUG                   调试信息,用于NDB Cluster开发
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这3种分类可以让我们从3个不同的角度来对日志进行过滤。过滤的方法可以用ndb_mgm工具来完成,具体设置方法如下。

(1)node_id CLUSTERLOG category=threshold:用于小于等于threshold的优先级将category事件记录到cluster日志。node_id可以为ALL(所有节点)。或者只指定某个节点。

(2)CLUSTERLOG TOGGLE severity_level:使得指定的severity_level打开或者关闭。

例如,要将测试环境中的节点2的STARTUP事件只记录级别为3以下的日志,可以进入ndb_mgm后执行命令:

ndb_mgm> 2 clusterlog startup=3
Executing CLUSTERLOG STARTUP=3 on node 2 OK!

ndb_mgm> 

如果要在cluster中过滤掉DEBUG和INFO信息,可以执行如下命令:

ndb_mgm> clusterlog toggle debug info
DEBUG enabled
INFO disabled
ndb_mgm> 

然后查看日志状态,发现DEBUG和INFO信息已经不存在了。

ndb_mgm> clusterlog info
Severities enabled: DEBUG WARNING ERROR CRITICAL ALERT 
ndb_mgm> 
posted @ 2019-01-07 14:48  裸奔的小鸵鸟  阅读(179)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报