【CS231n学习笔记】1. python numpy 之Python
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/20878530?refer=intelligentunit
python
基本数据类型
数字
x = 3 print(type(x)) x -= 0.1 x **= 2 # 乘方 print(type(x)) print(x)
输出: <class 'int'> <class 'float'> 8.41
布尔
x = True y = False print(x and y) print(x or y) print(not x) print(x == y) print(x != y)
输出:
False
True
False
False
True
字符串
x = "hello world" print(len(x)) # 长度 print(x.capitalize()) # 似乎是首字母大写 print(x.upper()) # 全大写 # 右对齐(左边填空格 print("******".rjust(20)) print("*****".rjust(20)) print("****".rjust(20)) print("***".rjust(20)) print("**".rjust(20)) print("*".rjust(20)) # 居中 print("*********".center(20)) print("*******".center(20)) print("*****".center(20)) print("***".center(20)) print("*".center(20)) print("*********".center(20).replace(" ", "-")) # 替换 print(" hello wo rl d ".strip()) # 删除头尾空格
输出: 11 Hello world HELLO WORLD ****** ***** **** *** ** * ********* ******* ***** *** * -----*********------ hello wo rl d
容器
List
x = [1, 2, 3, 4] print(x[-1]) # -1,最后一个元素,喵喵喵喵喵?有这种操作? # 和vector的pop_back()一样 print(x.pop()) print(x) # 毛线都能往里塞 x.append("123") x.append([1, 2, 3]) print(x)
输出: 4 4 [1, 2, 3] [1, 2, 3, '123', [1, 2, 3]]
切片
x = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8] print(x) print(x[2:4]) # x[2],x[3] print(x[2:]) # x[2~结尾] print(x[:4]) # x[0~3] print(x[:-1]) # 除了最后一个,因为-1代表最后一个下标,输出到-1前一个
输出 [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8] [2, 3] [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8] [0, 1, 2, 3] [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
遍历
x = ["sdf", "dsfdfs", "werc"] for i in x: print(i) # 新操作,这样就有序号了 for i, t in enumerate(x): print("%d %s" % (i, t))
输出 sdf dsfdfs werc 0 sdf 1 dsfdfs 2 werc
列表推导
x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] xx = [t for t in x if t % 2 == 0] print(xx) xx = [t ** 2 for t in x] print(xx)
输出 [2, 4] [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
字典
x = {1: "11", 2: "22"} # 设置默认,已经有了就没用了 x.setdefault(2, "0") x.setdefault(3, "0") print(x) del x[3] print(x) x[3] = "3" print(x) print(x.get(4)) print(x.get(4, 0)) # 没有的话,按设置的默认值来 # print(x[4]) 是不行的 #遍历 for i in x: print(i, x[i])
输出: {1: '11', 2: '22', 3: '0'} {1: '11', 2: '22'} {1: '11', 2: '22', 3: '3'} None 0 1 11 2 22 3 3
类
class Test: name = "" def __init__(self, name="123"): self.name = name def print(self): print(self.name) class Test2(Test): # 继承 def __init__(self, name="1234"): Test.__init__(self, name) return test = Test() test.print() test = Test("hello") test.print() test2 = Test2() test2.print()
输出:
123 hello 1234