探索ASP.NET MVC框架之控制器的查找与激活机制

引言

  前面一篇博文我们介绍了MVC框架的路由机制,我们知道一个URL请求如何从ASP.NET处理管线到达了IHttpHandler实例(MvcHandler)。今天我们从MvcHandler来进行下一步骤的分析,看看MVC框架是如何找到指定的控制器并且激活(创建)控制器实例的。

一切从MvcHandler的ProcessRequest方法开始(获取控制器工厂实例)

  我们知道Http请求到达服务端,找到相应的IHttpHandler后,会执行ProcessRequest方法来处理请求,现在我们就来看看MvcHandler是怎么处理请求的。上源码:

 1 IController controller;
 2 IControllerFactory factory;
 3 ProcessRequestInit(httpContext, out controller, out factory);
 4 try
 5 {
 6       controller.Execute(RequestContext);
 7 }
 8 finally
 9 {
10       factory.ReleaseController(controller);
11 }

  从这段代码我们看到,在获取控制器实例时,是通过控制器工厂来创建的,下面我们来看一下ProcessRequestInit方法。看源代码:

 1 private void ProcessRequestInit(HttpContextBase httpContext, out IController controller, out IControllerFactory factory)
 2         {
 3             // If request validation has already been enabled, make it lazy. This allows attributes like [HttpPost] (which looks
 4             // at Request.Form) to work correctly without triggering full validation.
 5             // Tolerate null HttpContext for testing.
 6             HttpContext currentContext = HttpContext.Current;
 7             if (currentContext != null)
 8             {
 9                 bool? isRequestValidationEnabled = ValidationUtility.IsValidationEnabled(currentContext);
10                 if (isRequestValidationEnabled == true)
11                 {
12                     ValidationUtility.EnableDynamicValidation(currentContext);
13                 }
14             }
15 
16             AddVersionHeader(httpContext);
17             RemoveOptionalRoutingParameters();
18 
19             // Get the controller type
20             string controllerName = RequestContext.RouteData.GetRequiredString("controller");
21 
22             // Instantiate the controller and call Execute
23             factory = ControllerBuilder.GetControllerFactory();
24             controller = factory.CreateController(RequestContext, controllerName);
25             if (controller == null)
26             {
27                 throw new InvalidOperationException(
28                     String.Format(
29                         CultureInfo.CurrentCulture,
30                         MvcResources.ControllerBuilder_FactoryReturnedNull,
31                         factory.GetType(),
32                         controllerName));
33             }
34         }

  我们看这个方法从20行开始,该方法先获取控制器的名称,然后获取控制器工厂实例(代码23行)。然后使用控制器工厂实例来创建控制器实例。下面我们就来看一下ControllerBuilder来创建控制器工厂实例的过程。

  下面我们来看一下GetControllerFactory方法的内部实现,源码很简单,就一行代码:

1 public IControllerFactory GetControllerFactory()
2 {
3     return _serviceResolver.Current;
4 }

  很明显,这是读取了_serviceResolver实例的Current属性值,那么我们需要仔细查看下_serviceResolver实例的创建及其Current属性的赋值,通过看源代码,我们看到了以下代码:

 1         private static ControllerBuilder _instance = new ControllerBuilder();
 2         private Func<IControllerFactory> _factoryThunk = () => null;
 3         private HashSet<string> _namespaces = new HashSet<string>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
 4         private IResolver<IControllerFactory> _serviceResolver;
 5 
 6         public ControllerBuilder() : this(null) { }
 7 
 8         internal ControllerBuilder(IResolver<IControllerFactory> serviceResolver)
 9         {
10             _serviceResolver = serviceResolver ?? new SingleServiceResolver<IControllerFactory>(
11                                                       () => _factoryThunk(),
12                                                       new DefaultControllerFactory { ControllerBuilder = this },
13                                                       "ControllerBuilder.GetControllerFactory");
14         }
15 
16         [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Design", "CA1024:UsePropertiesWhereAppropriate", Justification = "Calling method multiple times might return different objects.")]
17         public IControllerFactory GetControllerFactory()
18         {
19             return _serviceResolver.Current;
20         }    

  我们看到ControllerBuilder类中有一个静态字段 _instance,静态字段是在程序执行前加载的,那么由代码可知,就需要执行该类的构造函数,即执行public ControllerBuilder(): this(null),而其后的: this(null)则表示要去执执行带一个参数的构造函数 ControllerBuilder(IResolver<IControllerFactory> serviceResolver),这个构造函数中首先判断传入的参数是否为空,如果为空的话就实例化一个 SingleServiceResolver<IControllerFactory>对象(暂且理解为封装 ControllerFactory的一个类),并赋值给私有变量_serviceResolver,通过调用_serviceResolver的 Current属性来获取当前封装的ControllerFactory实例。

  通过上面的分析,我们知道了大致的流程,下面我们深入SingleServiceResolve内部看看其实例的Current到底是怎么计算的。默认情况下_factoryThunk委托传递的值是null。看源码:

 1 internal class SingleServiceResolver<TService> : IResolver<TService>
 2         where TService : class
 3     {
 4         private Lazy<TService> _currentValueFromResolver;
 5         private Func<TService> _currentValueThunk;
 6         private TService _defaultValue;
 7         private Func<IDependencyResolver> _resolverThunk;
 8         private string _callerMethodName;
 9 
10         public SingleServiceResolver(Func<TService> currentValueThunk, TService defaultValue, string callerMethodName)
11         {
12             if (currentValueThunk == null)
13             {
14                 throw new ArgumentNullException("currentValueThunk");
15             }
16             if (defaultValue == null)
17             {
18                 throw new ArgumentNullException("defaultValue");
19             }
20             //默认情况下是DefaultDependencyResolver
21             _resolverThunk = () => DependencyResolver.Current;
22             _currentValueFromResolver = new Lazy<TService>(GetValueFromResolver);
23             _currentValueThunk = currentValueThunk;
24             _defaultValue = defaultValue;
25             _callerMethodName = callerMethodName;
26         }
27 
28         internal SingleServiceResolver(Func<TService> staticAccessor, TService defaultValue, IDependencyResolver resolver, string callerMethodName)
29             : this(staticAccessor, defaultValue, callerMethodName)
30         {
31             if (resolver != null)
32             {
33                 _resolverThunk = () => resolver;
34             }
35         }
36 
37         public TService Current
38         {
39             get { return _currentValueFromResolver.Value ?? _currentValueThunk() ?? _defaultValue; }
40         }
41 
42         private TService GetValueFromResolver()
43         {
44             TService result = _resolverThunk().GetService<TService>();
45 
46             if (result != null && _currentValueThunk() != null)
47             {
48                 throw new InvalidOperationException(String.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, MvcResources.SingleServiceResolver_CannotRegisterTwoInstances, typeof(TService).Name.ToString(), _callerMethodName));
49             }
50 
51             return result;
52         }
53     }

  我们看到Current属性的求值涉及到3个过程,看代码的红色部分。下面我们来看这3个步骤。

  第一个步骤我们看_currentValueFromResolver.Value的值。我们知道_currentValueFromResolver绑定了GetValueFromResolver方法。该方法内部使用了resolverThunk委托,该委托返回DependencyResolver.Current。我在以上的代码中已经进行了注释。DependencyResolver.Current实际使用的是DefaultDependencyResolver类。使用DefaultDependencyResolver类的GetService方法。我们深入该方法内部发现其逻辑是这样的:

 1 public object GetService(Type serviceType)
 2             {
 3                 // Since attempting to create an instance of an interface or an abstract type results in an exception, immediately return null
 4                 // to improve performance and the debugging experience with first-chance exceptions enabled.
 5                 if (serviceType.IsInterface || serviceType.IsAbstract)
 6                 {
 7                     return null;
 8                 }
 9 
10                 try
11                 {
12                     return Activator.CreateInstance(serviceType);
13                 }
14                 catch
15                 {
16                     return null;
17                 }
18             }

  我们看到,如果传递的Type类型是接口或者抽象类的话就返回null。很明显我们传递的serviceType是一个接口。第一步骤返回时null。接下来我们继续分析第二个步骤。

   第二个步骤我们看到调用的是_currentValueThunk委托。这个委托默认值是返回null的。当然我们在自定义控制器工厂的时候其实就是重新设置这个委托值。这是MVC框架的一个扩展点。我们来看一下设置自定义控制器工厂内部发生的事,看源代码:

1 public void SetControllerFactory(IControllerFactory controllerFactory)
2         {
3             if (controllerFactory == null)
4             {
5                 throw new ArgumentNullException("controllerFactory");
6             }
7 
8             _factoryThunk = () => controllerFactory;
9         }

  看到了把,通过SetControllerFactory方法,我们相当于让_factoryThunk委托返回我们自定义的控制器工厂实例。这样在获取Current属性值的时候,第二个步骤就是调用这个委托返回控制器工厂实例,只是默认值是null而已。如果我们设置了自定义的值,就会返回自定义控制器工厂值。

  第三个步骤我们看到返回的是_defaultValue的值。很明显MVC框架默认值是DefaultControllerFactory。所以MVC框架默认的控制器工厂是DefaultControllerFactory。到此为止我们已经分析出该开始ProcessRequest中获取的控制器工厂实例就是DefaultControllerFactory的实例了。我们继续往下看。

激活(创建)控制器实例

  通过上面的分析我们知道控制器工厂是DefaultControllerFactory,下面我们深入其内部看看控制器实例到底是怎么创建出来的。通过最开始部分代码的逻辑(即ProcessRequest方法),我们知道创建控制器的方法是CreateController方法,那么我们就从这个方法入手。

 1 public virtual IController CreateController(RequestContext requestContext, string controllerName)
 2         {
 3             if (requestContext == null)
 4             {
 5                 throw new ArgumentNullException("requestContext");
 6             }
 7             if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(controllerName))
 8             {
 9                 throw new ArgumentException(MvcResources.Common_NullOrEmpty, "controllerName");
10             }
11             Type controllerType = GetControllerType(requestContext, controllerName);
12             IController controller = GetControllerInstance(requestContext, controllerType);
13             return controller;
14         }

  我们看到整个过程主要分成两个部分。第一步:获取控制器类型。第二步:根据控制器类型获取控制器实例。下面我们就分两步来介绍这个过程。

  第一步获取控制器类型:

 1 protected internal virtual Type GetControllerType(RequestContext requestContext, string controllerName)
 2         {
 3             if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(controllerName))
 4             {
 5                 throw new ArgumentException(MvcResources.Common_NullOrEmpty, "controllerName");
 6             }
 7 
 8             // first search in the current route's namespace collection
 9             object routeNamespacesObj;
10             Type match;
11             if (requestContext != null && requestContext.RouteData.DataTokens.TryGetValue("Namespaces", out routeNamespacesObj))
12             {
13                 IEnumerable<string> routeNamespaces = routeNamespacesObj as IEnumerable<string>;
14                 if (routeNamespaces != null && routeNamespaces.Any())
15                 {
16                     HashSet<string> namespaceHash = new HashSet<string>(routeNamespaces, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
17                     match = GetControllerTypeWithinNamespaces(requestContext.RouteData.Route, controllerName, namespaceHash);
18 
19                     // the UseNamespaceFallback key might not exist, in which case its value is implicitly "true"
20                     if (match != null || false.Equals(requestContext.RouteData.DataTokens["UseNamespaceFallback"]))
21                     {
22                         // got a match or the route requested we stop looking
23                         return match;
24                     }
25                 }
26             }
27 
28             // then search in the application's default namespace collection
29             if (ControllerBuilder.DefaultNamespaces.Count > 0)
30             {
31                 HashSet<string> namespaceDefaults = new HashSet<string>(ControllerBuilder.DefaultNamespaces, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
32                 match = GetControllerTypeWithinNamespaces(requestContext.RouteData.Route, controllerName, namespaceDefaults);
33                 if (match != null)
34                 {
35                     return match;
36                 }
37             }
38 
39             // if all else fails, search every namespace
40             return GetControllerTypeWithinNamespaces(requestContext.RouteData.Route, controllerName, null /* namespaces */);
41         }

  我们看到这段代码的结构很清晰。第一步先在当前路由设置的命名空间中寻找符合条件的控制器。如果找不到就从工程中设置的命名空间中寻找。如果还是找不到就一个一个命名空间的遍历寻找。

  第二步根据控制器类型创建其实例

  我们接下来看第二个步骤,创建控制器实例,逻辑中也是封装在另一个方法中的(GetControllerInstance)。下面我们来看看其内部实现。

 1 /// <summary>
 2         /// 通过控制器类型来创建控制器实例
 3         /// </summary>
 4         /// <param name="requestContext"></param>
 5         /// <param name="controllerType"></param>
 6         /// <returns></returns>
 7         protected internal virtual IController GetControllerInstance(RequestContext requestContext, Type controllerType)
 8         {
 9             if (controllerType == null)
10             {
11                 throw new HttpException(404,
12                                         String.Format(
13                                             CultureInfo.CurrentCulture,
14                                             MvcResources.DefaultControllerFactory_NoControllerFound,
15                                             requestContext.HttpContext.Request.Path));
16             }
17             if (!typeof(IController).IsAssignableFrom(controllerType))
18             {
19                 throw new ArgumentException(
20                     String.Format(
21                         CultureInfo.CurrentCulture,
22                         MvcResources.DefaultControllerFactory_TypeDoesNotSubclassControllerBase,
23                         controllerType),
24                     "controllerType");
25             }
26             return ControllerActivator.Create(requestContext, controllerType);
27         }

  我们看到创建控制器本质上是交给控制器激活器来创建的。看来我们需要好好看看这个控制器激活器是如何工作的了。首先我们应该先找到ControllerActivator的值。我们看到了如下代码:

 1 private IControllerActivator ControllerActivator
 2         {
 3             get
 4             {
 5                 if (_controllerActivator != null)
 6                 {
 7                     return _controllerActivator;
 8                 }
 9                 _controllerActivator = _activatorResolver.Current;
10                 return _controllerActivator;
11             }
12         }

  我们接着往下看:

 1  public DefaultControllerFactory()
 2             : this(null, null, null)
 3         {
 4         }
 5 
 6         public DefaultControllerFactory(IControllerActivator controllerActivator)
 7             : this(controllerActivator, null, null)
 8         {
 9         }
10 
11         internal DefaultControllerFactory(IControllerActivator controllerActivator, IResolver<IControllerActivator> activatorResolver, IDependencyResolver dependencyResolver)
12         {
13             //如果不存在自定义的控制器激活器,就使用默认的DefaultControllerActivator控制器激活器
14             if (controllerActivator != null)
15             {
16                 _controllerActivator = controllerActivator;
17             }
18             else
19             {
20                 _activatorResolver = activatorResolver ?? new SingleServiceResolver<IControllerActivator>(
21                                                               () => null,
22                                                               new DefaultControllerActivator(dependencyResolver),
23                                                               "DefaultControllerFactory constructor");
24             }
25         }

  我们在这里又看到了熟悉的代码(红色部分),相信大家对于SingleServiceResolver泛型类比较熟悉了。我们看到MVC框架默认的控制器激活器是DefaultControllerActivator。我们接下来来看DefaultControllerActivator类内部逻辑。

 1 /// <summary>
 2         /// MVC框架默认的自定义控制器激活器
 3         /// </summary>
 4         private class DefaultControllerActivator : IControllerActivator
 5         {
 6             private Func<IDependencyResolver> _resolverThunk;
 7 
 8             public DefaultControllerActivator()
 9                 : this(null)
10             {
11             }
12 
13             public DefaultControllerActivator(IDependencyResolver resolver)
14             {
15                 if (resolver == null)
16                 {
17                     //DependencyResolver.Current默认是DefaultDependencyResolver
18                     _resolverThunk = () => DependencyResolver.Current;
19                 }
20                 else
21                 {
22                     _resolverThunk = () => resolver;
23                 }
24             }
25 
26             public IController Create(RequestContext requestContext, Type controllerType)
27             {
28                 try
29                 {
30                     return (IController)(_resolverThunk().GetService(controllerType) ?? Activator.CreateInstance(controllerType));
31                 }
32                 catch (Exception ex)
33                 {
34                     throw new InvalidOperationException(
35                         String.Format(
36                             CultureInfo.CurrentCulture,
37                             MvcResources.DefaultControllerFactory_ErrorCreatingController,
38                             controllerType),
39                         ex);
40                 }
41             }
42         }

  我们来看激活器的Create方法,控制器的实例就是由这个方法来创建。我们看到控制器的实例就是根据控制器类型来创建的。到此为止,我们终于知道了如何激活控制器实例。下面一篇文章我们还会沿着请求的步骤继续往下探索。

posted @ 2016-01-26 10:01  dreamGong  阅读(211)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报