rust self

 

 

src/main.rs 
#[derive(Debug)]
struct MyType {
    name: String
}

impl MyType {
    fn do_something(self, age: u32) {
    //等价于 fn do_something(self: Self, age: u32) {
    //等价于 fn do_something(self: MyType, age: u32) {
        println!("name = {}", self.name);
        println!("age = {}", age);
    }

    fn do_something2(&self, age: u32) {
        println!("do_something2 name = {}", self.name);
        println!("do_something2 age = {}", age);
    }
}

fn main() {
    let my_type = MyType{name: "linghuyichong".to_string()};
    //使用self
    my_type.do_something(18);   //等价于MyType::do_something(my_type, 18);
    my_type.do_something(81);   // 编译不能通过哦
    //println!("my_type: {:#?}", my_type);    //在do_something中,传入的是对象,而不是引用,因此my_type的所有权就转移到函数中了,因此不能再使用

    //使用&self
    let my_type2 = MyType{name: "linghuyichong".to_string()};
    my_type2.do_something2(18);
    my_type2.do_something2(18);
    println!("my_type2: {:#?}", my_type2);//在do_something中,传入是引用,函数并没有获取my_type2的所有权,因此此处可以使用
    println!("Hello, world!");
}

 

 cargo build
   Compiling own v0.1.0 (/data2/rust/self)
error[E0382]: use of moved value: `my_type`
  --> src/main.rs:24:5
   |
21 |     let my_type = MyType{name: "linghuyichong".to_string()};
   |         ------- move occurs because `my_type` has type `MyType`, which does not implement the `Copy` trait
22 |     //使用self
23 |     my_type.do_something(18);   //等价于MyType::do_something(my_type, 18);
   |             ---------------- `my_type` moved due to this method call
24 |     my_type.do_something(81);   //
   |     ^^^^^^^ value used here after move
   |
note: this function consumes the receiver `self` by taking ownership of it, which moves `my_type`
  --> src/main.rs:7:21
   |
7  |     fn do_something(self, age: u32) {
   |                     ^^^^

error: aborting due to previous error

 

 

描述
有同学问到,在 Rust 的方法中,第一个参数为 & self,那么如果改成 self(不是大写的 Self)行不行,两者有什么区别。
&self,表示向函数传递的是一个引用,不会发生对象所有权的转移;
self,表示向函数传递的是一个对象,会发生所有权的转移,对象的所有权会传递到函数中。

例子
#[derive(Debug)]
struct MyType {
name: String
}

impl MyType {
fn do_something(self, age: u32) {
//等价于 fn do_something(self: Self, age: u32) {
//等价于 fn do_something(self: MyType, age: u32) {
println!("name = {}", self.name);
println!("age = {}", age);
}

fn do_something2(&self, age: u32) {
println!("name = {}", self.name);
println!("age = {}", age);
}
}

fn main() {
let my_type = MyType{name: "linghuyichong".to_string()};
//使用self
my_type.do_something(18); //等价于MyType::do_something(my_type, 18);
//println!("my_type: {:#?}", my_type); //在do_something中,传入的是对象,而不是引用,因此my_type的所有权就转移到函数中了,因此不能再使用

//使用&self
let my_type2 = MyType{name: "linghuyichong".to_string()};
my_type2.do_something2(18);
my_type2.do_something2(18);
println!("my_type2: {:#?}", my_type2);//在do_something中,传入是引用,函数并没有获取my_type2的所有权,因此此处可以使用
println!("Hello, world!");
}
说明
因为定义方法时,是不希望发生所有权的转移的,所以方法的第一个参数使用 & self 而不是 self

 

posted on 2020-12-25 11:21  tycoon3  阅读(237)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报

导航