Prometheus node_exporter grafana 持续更新中
什么是Prometheus
Prometheus是一个最初在SoundCloud上构建的开源系统监视和警报工具包 。自2012年成立以来，许多公司和组织都采用了Prometheus，该项目拥有一个非常活跃的开发人员和用户社区。它现在是一个独立的开源项目，可以独立于任何公司进行维护。为了强调这一点，并澄清项目的治理结构，Prometheus 于2016年加入 云计算本地计算基金会，作为继Kubernetes之后的第二个托管项目。
特点
- 具有由度量名称和键/值对标识的时间序列数据的多维数据模型
- PromQL，一种灵活的查询语言， 可以利用这一维度
- 不依赖分布式存储; 单个服务器节点是自治的
- 时间序列集合通过HTTP上的拉模型发生
- 推送时间序列通过中间网关支持
- 通过服务发现或静态配置发现目标
- 多种图形和仪表板支持模式
架构图和效果图
官方网站
安装配置
实验环境描述：
笔记本内存不足，只有一台虚拟机😂，目前所用的组件（node_exporter,prometheus,grafana）均安装至此
- 安装Prometheus
|
官方网站 |
https://prometheus.io/ |
|
下载地址 |
|
|
系统环境 |
Centos 7_1810x64 |
- 运行方式
1，点杠直接运行（不推荐）
2，screen
3，daemonize
4，编写成系统服务 （本文使用的）
5，nohub &
- 编写系统服务
在/usr/lib/systemd/system目录下新建prometheus.service文件。文件内的路径根据实际修改
1 [root@node1 ~]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/prometheus.service 2 [Unit] 3 Description=https://prometheus.io/ 4 [Service] 5 Type=simple 6 ExecStartPre=/mnt/prometheus/promtool check config /mnt/prometheus/prometheus.yml 7 ExecStart=/mnt/prometheus/prometheus --config.file=/mnt/prometheus/prometheus.yml --storage.tsdb.path=/mnt/prometheus/data --web.enable-lifecycle 8 [Install] 9 WantedBy=multi-user.target
常用参数解释
--version 不解释 --config.file 指定配置文件路径，绝对路径 --web.listen-address 监听地址端口 默认，9090忽略 --web.read-timeout=5m 请求连接的最大等待时间， 防止太多的空闲链接，占用资源 --storage.tsdb.retention 采集监控数据后会存在内存中和硬盘中， 太长的话，硬盘和内存都吃不消，设置15天为宜 --web.max-connections 最大链接数 --storage.tsdb.path 数据存储路径 --query.timeout=2m 查询超时 --query.max-concurrency=200 最多同时查询人数 --web.enable-lifecycle 允许通过http请求关闭服务和重新加载
相关命令
1 systemctl daemon-reload #重新加载配置文件 2 systemctl start prometheus #开启服务 3 systemctl enable prometheus #开机自启
截图如下，
访问webui，默认端口9090 #地址 http://IP:9090
可在此编辑使用PromQL语句进行调试。下图所示查询cpu使用率。Prometheus还提供了一个简单视图。后期使用grafana用作图形展示，现在新版本还支持报警功能
安装node_exporter
白话介绍，linux服务器信息收集工具，可满足日常需求。被动式，等待服务器抓取
官网https://prometheus.io/download/#node_exporter
里面有各种exporter提供使用（windows，数据库，各种组件的监控）可满足日常所需，在centos6和7测试无问题。安装方式参考上面Prometheus。默认端口9100
如需自己编写exporter监控程序抓取数据，可通过pushgateway来实现。官网有介绍
安装完成之后，修改Prometheus配置文件（频率，目标等），最后三行为新增。静态文本配置方式（不推荐），动态配置学习中，后续更新
# my global config global: scrape_interval: 15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute. evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute. # scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s). # Alertmanager configuration alerting: alertmanagers: - static_configs: - targets: # - alertmanager:9093 # Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'. rule_files: # - "first_rules.yml" # - "second_rules.yml" # A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape: # Here it's Prometheus itself. scrape_configs: # The job name is added as a label `job=<job_name>` to any timeseries scraped from this config. - job_name: 'prometheus' # metrics_path defaults to '/metrics' # scheme defaults to 'http'. static_configs: - targets: ['localhost:9090'] - job_name: 'node1' static_configs: - targets: ['127.0.0.1:9100']
之后重启Prometheus
方式1
#systemctl daemon-reload
#systemctl restart prometheus
方式2
curl -X POST http://127.0.0.1:9090/-/reload
通过Prometheus可查看状态及详细信息
http://IP:9090
安装grafana
Grafana是一个跨平台的开源的度量分析和可视化工具，可以通过将采集的数据查询然后可视化的展示，并及时通知
官网下载地址 https://grafana.com/grafana/download
安装方式
系统 Ubuntu & Debian wget https://dl.grafana.com/oss/release/grafana_6.3.3_amd64.deb dpkg -i grafana_6.3.3_amd64.deb 系统 Standalone Linux Binaries wget https://dl.grafana.com/oss/release/grafana-6.3.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz 系统 Redhat & Centos wget https://dl.grafana.com/oss/release/grafana-6.3.3-1.x86_64.rpm yum localinstall grafana-6.3.3-1.x86_64.rpm centos 常用命令 systemctl daemon-reload systemctl enable grafana-server.service systemctl start grafana-server.service
配置
rpm安装方式配置文件在 /etc/grafana/grafana.ini 配置先忽略了
官网https://grafana.com/docs/installation/configuration/
访问界面
访问地址http://IP:3000 (默认端口3000)
首次登录后修改密码（默认账户，密码 admin）。然后首页如下
点增加数据源，选择Prometheus
输入相应信息测试并保存
点dashboards导入系统自带面板，后续增加用户和插件。。。。。略
查看刚导入的模板
点击home选择刚导入的dashboards,显示如下，可自定义面板，及监控数据。图形也可通过插件扩展。
上图有点丑对吧，哈哈。没事的，有大神做好了，very beautiful的图。只需导入就行了，下面贴配置。共2500行我折叠了
源码及说明：https://github.com/starsliao/Prometheus
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2, "links": [], "nullPointMode": "null", "percentage": false, "pointradius": 5, "points": false, "renderer": "flot", "seriesOverrides": [ { "alias": "/.*_out上传$/", "transform": "negative-Y" } ], "spaceLength": 10, "stack": false, "steppedLine": false, "targets": [ { "expr": "irate(node_network_receive_bytes_total{instance=~'$node',device!~'tap.*|veth.*|br.*|docker.*|virbr*|lo*'}[5m])*8", "format": "time_series", "intervalFactor": 2, "legendFormat": "{{instance}}_{{device}}_in下载", "refId": "A", "step": 4 }, { "expr": "irate(node_network_transmit_bytes_total{instance=~'$node',device!~'tap.*|veth.*|br.*|docker.*|virbr*|lo*'}[5m])*8", "format": "time_series", "intervalFactor": 2, "legendFormat": "{{instance}}_{{device}}_out上传", "refId": "B", "step": 4 } ], "thresholds": [], "timeFrom": null, "timeRegions": [], "timeShift": null, "title": "网络流量", "tooltip": { "shared": true, "sort": 0, "value_type": "individual" }, "type": "graph", "xaxis": { "buckets": null, "mode": "time", "name": null, "show": true, "values": [] }, "yaxes": [ { "format": "bps", "label": "上传（-）/下载（+）", "logBase": 1, "max": null, "min": null, "show": true }, { "format": "short", "label": null, "logBase": 1, "max": null, "min": null, "show": false } ], "yaxis": { "align": false, "alignLevel": null } }, { "aliasColors": { "TCP": "#6ED0E0" }, "bars": false, "dashLength": 10, "dashes": false, "datasource": "${DS_PROMETHEUS_111}", "description": "CurrEstab - 当前状态为 ESTABLISHED 或 CLOSE-WAIT 的 TCP 连接数\n\nActiveOpens - 已从 CLOSED 状态直接转换到 SYN-SENT 状态的 TCP 平均连接数(1分钟内)\n\nPassiveOpens - 已从 LISTEN 状态直接转换到 SYN-RCVD 状态的 TCP 平均连接数(1分钟内)\n\nTCP_alloc - 已分配（已建立、已申请到sk_buff）的TCP套接字数量\n\nTCP_inuse - 正在使用（正在侦听）的TCP套接字数量\n\nTCP_tw - 等待关闭的TCP连接数", "fill": 0, "gridPos": { "h": 8, "w": 12, "x": 12, "y": 27 }, "height": "300", "id": 158, "legend": { "alignAsTable": true, "avg": false, "current": true, "max": true, "min": false, "rightSide": true, "show": true, "total": false, "values": true }, "lines": true, "linewidth": 1, "links": [], "nullPointMode": "null", "percentage": false, "pointradius": 5, "points": false, "renderer": "flot", "seriesOverrides": [], "spaceLength": 10, "stack": false, "steppedLine": false, "targets": [ { "expr": "node_netstat_Tcp_CurrEstab{instance=~'$node'}", "format": "time_series", "hide": false, "interval": "10s", "intervalFactor": 1, "legendFormat": "{{instance}}_ESTABLISHED", "refId": "A", "step": 20 }, { "expr": "node_sockstat_TCP_tw{instance=~'$node'}", "format": "time_series", "intervalFactor": 1, "legendFormat": "{{instance}}_TCP_tw", "refId": "D" }, { "expr": "irate(node_netstat_Tcp_ActiveOpens{instance=~'$node'}[1m])", "format": "time_series", "hide": false, "intervalFactor": 1, "legendFormat": "{{instance}}_ActiveOpens", "refId": "B" }, { "expr": "irate(node_netstat_Tcp_PassiveOpens{instance=~'$node'}[1m])", "format": "time_series", "intervalFactor": 1, "legendFormat": "{{instance}}_PassiveOpens", "refId": "C" }, { "expr": "node_sockstat_TCP_alloc{instance=~'$node'}", "format": "time_series", "intervalFactor": 1, "legendFormat": "{{instance}}_TCP_alloc", "refId": "E" }, { "expr": "node_sockstat_TCP_inuse{instance=~'$node'}", "format": "time_series", "intervalFactor": 1, "legendFormat": "{{instance}}_TCP_inuse", "refId": "F" } ], "thresholds": [], "timeFrom": null, "timeRegions": [], "timeShift": null, "title": "TCP 连接情况", "tooltip": { "shared": true, "sort": 0, "value_type": "individual" }, "transparent": false, "type": "graph", "xaxis": { "buckets": null, "mode": "time", "name": null, "show": true, "values": [] }, "yaxes": [ { "format": "short", "label": null, "logBase": 1, "max": null, "min": null, "show": true }, { "format": "short", "label": null, "logBase": 1, "max": null, "min": null, "show": true } ], "yaxis": { "align": false, "alignLevel": null } }, { "aliasColors": {}, "bars": false, "dashLength": 10, "dashes": false, "datasource": "${DS_PROMETHEUS_111}", "fill": 0, "gridPos": { "h": 10, "w": 24, "x": 0, "y": 35 }, "id": 169, "legend": { "alignAsTable": true, "avg": true, "current": true, "hideEmpty": true, "hideZero": true, "max": true, "min": false, "rightSide": true, "show": true, "total": false, "values": true }, "lines": true, "linewidth": 1, "links": [], "nullPointMode": "null as zero", "percentage": false, "pointradius": 0.5, "points": false, "renderer": "flot", "seriesOverrides": [], "spaceLength": 10, "stack": false, "steppedLine": false, "targets": [ { "expr": "node_hwmon_temp_celsius{instance=~'$node'}", "format": "time_series", "intervalFactor": 1, "legendFormat": "{{instance}}_{{chip}}_{{sensor}}", "refId": "A" } ], "thresholds": [], "timeFrom": null, "timeRegions": [], "timeShift": null, "title": "硬件温度", "tooltip": { "shared": true, "sort": 0, "value_type": "individual" }, "type": "graph", "xaxis": { "buckets": null, "mode": "time", "name": null, "show": true, "values": [] }, "yaxes": [ { "format": "celsius", "label": null, "logBase": 1, "max": null, "min": null, "show": true }, { "format": "short", "label": null, "logBase": 1, "max": null, "min": null, "show": true } ], "yaxis": { "align": false, "alignLevel": null } } ], "refresh": false, "schemaVersion": 16, "style": "dark", "tags": [ "Prometheus", "node_exporter", "StarsL.cn" ], "templating": { "list": [ { "auto": true, "auto_count": 10, "auto_min": "10s", "current": { "text": "5s", "value": "5s" }, "hide": 0, "label": "interval", "name": "interval", "options": [ { "selected": false, "text": "auto", "value": "$__auto_interval_interval" }, { "selected": true, "text": "5s", "value": "5s" }, { "selected": false, "text": "10s", "value": "10s" }, { "selected": false, "text": "30s", "value": "30s" }, { "selected": false, "text": "1m", "value": "1m" }, { "selected": false, "text": "10m", "value": "10m" }, { "selected": false, "text": "30m", "value": "30m" }, { "selected": false, "text": "1h", "value": "1h" }, { "selected": false, "text": "6h", "value": "6h" }, { "selected": false, "text": "12h", "value": "12h" }, { "selected": false, "text": "1d", "value": "1d" } ], "query": "5s,10s,30s,1m,10m,30m,1h,6h,12h,1d", "refresh": 2, "skipUrlSync": false, "type": "interval" }, { "allFormat": "glob", "allValue": null, "current": {}, "datasource": "${DS_PROMETHEUS_111}", "definition": "", "hide": 0, "includeAll": true, "label": "环境", "multi": true, "multiFormat": "regex values", "name": "env", "options": [], "query": "label_values(node_exporter_build_info,env)", "refresh": 2, "regex": "", "skipUrlSync": false, "sort": 1, "tagValuesQuery": "", "tags": [], "tagsQuery": "", "type": "query", "useTags": false }, { "allFormat": "glob", "allValue": "", "current": {}, "datasource": "${DS_PROMETHEUS_111}", "definition": "label_values(node_exporter_build_info{env=~'$env'},name)", "hide": 0, "includeAll": true, "label": "主机名", "multi": true, "multiFormat": "regex values", "name": "name", "options": [], "query": "label_values(node_exporter_build_info{env=~'$env'},name)", "refresh": 2, "regex": "", "skipUrlSync": false, "sort": 1, "tagValuesQuery": "/.*/", "tags": [], "tagsQuery": "", "type": "query", "useTags": false }, { "allFormat": "glob", "allValue": null, "current": {}, "datasource": "${DS_PROMETHEUS_111}", "definition": "label_values(node_exporter_build_info{name=~'$name'},instance)", "hide": 0, "includeAll": true, "label": "IP( 主机名多选时,该项请选ALL)", "multi": true, "multiFormat": "regex values", "name": "node", "options": [], "query": "label_values(node_exporter_build_info{name=~'$name'},instance)", "refresh": 2, "regex": "", "skipUrlSync": false, "sort": 1, "tagValuesQuery": "", "tags": [], "tagsQuery": "", "type": "query", "useTags": false }, { "allValue": null, "current": {}, "datasource": "${DS_PROMETHEUS_111}", "definition": "", "hide": 2, "includeAll": false, "label": "", "multi": false, "name": "maxmount", "options": [], "query": "query_result(topk(1,sort_desc (max(node_filesystem_size_bytes{instance=~'$node',fstype=~\"ext4|xfs\"}) by (mountpoint))))", "refresh": 2, "regex": "/.*\\\"(.*)\\\".*/", "skipUrlSync": false, "sort": 0, "tagValuesQuery": "", "tags": [], "tagsQuery": "", "type": "query", "useTags": false }, { "datasource": "prometheus_111", "filters": [], "hide": 0, "label": "", "name": "Filters", "skipUrlSync": false, "type": "adhoc" } ] }, "time": { "from": "now-7d", "to": "now" }, "timepicker": { "now": true, "refresh_intervals": [ "5s", "10s", "30s", "1m", "5m", "15m", "30m", "1h", "2h", "1d" ], "time_options": [ "5m", "15m", "1h", "6h", "12h", "24h", "2d", "7d", "30d" ] }, "timezone": "browser", "title": "1 Node Exporter 0.16 + for Prometheus 监控展示看板", "uid": "9CWBz0bik", "version": 65 }
效果图
自定义监控项
大神的修修改改拿来用肯定好，但是我们也需要会自己配置，后续自己的业务信息抓取配置还需靠自己。
PromQL提供了很多函数供使用，还有linux底层的东西，能否做出”美观，有价值“的监控需要靠你了。
点击加号，dashboard，创建一个仪表盘
输入promql查询语句,会显示相应图形。语句可在promethes进行测试，查看值和图形，然后再配置在grafana
两个promql例子：
#cpu使用率 (1 - ((sum(increase(node_cpu_seconds_total{job="node1",mode="idle"} [1m]) ) by (instance)) /(sum(increase(node_cpu_seconds_total[1m])) by (instance)))) * 100 #开机运行时间 ceil(node_time_seconds{instance="127.0.0.1:9100",job="node1"} - node_boot_time_seconds{instance="127.0.0.1:9100",job="node1"})
自定义监控项的详细信息设置，保存按钮在右上角
可选择自己喜欢的图形（不不不，是甲方爸爸看着舒服的图形）
图形插件，dashboards模板等可以在grafana扩展里下载
对“自定义监控信息”和”kubernetes监控“持续学习 更新中。。。。
