k8s实战之部署Prometheus+Grafana可视化监控告警平台
写在前面
之前部署web网站的时候，架构图中有一环节是监控部分，并且搭建一套有效的监控平台对于运维来说非常之重要，只有这样才能更有效率的保证我们的服务器和服务的稳定运行，常见的开源监控软件有好几种，如zabbix、Nagios、open-flcon还有prometheus,每一种有着各自的优劣势，感谢的童鞋可以自行百度，但是与k8s集群监控，相对于而已更加友好的是Prometheus，今天我们就看看如何部署一套Prometheus全方位监控K8S
主要内容
-
1.Prometheus架构
-
2.K8S监控指标及实现思路
-
3.在K8S平台部署Prometheus
-
4.基于K8S服务发现的配置解析
-
5.在K8S平台部署Grafana
-
6.监控K8S集群中Pod、Node、资源对象
-
7.使用Grafana可视化展示Prometheus监控数据
-
8.告警规则与告警通知
1 Prometheus架构
Prometheus 是什么
Prometheus（普罗米修斯）是一个最初在SoundCloud上构建的监控系统。自2012年成为社区开源项目，拥有非常活跃的开发人员和用户社区。为强调开源及独立维护，Prometheus于2016年加入云原生云计算基金会（CNCF），成为继Kubernetes之后的第二个托管项目。
官网地址:
https://prometheus.io
https://github.com/prometheus
Prometheus 组成及架构
- Prometheus Server：收集指标和存储时间序列数据，并提供查询接口
- ClientLibrary： 客户端库
- Push Gateway：短期存储指标数据。主要用于临时性的任务
- Exporters：采集已有的第三方服务监控指标并暴露metrics
- Alertmanager：告警
- Web UI：简单的Web控制台
数据模型
Prometheus将所有数据存储为时间序列；具有相同度量名称以及标签属于同一个指标。
每个时间序列都由度量标准名称和一组键值对（也成为标签）唯一标识。
时间序列格式：
作业和实例
实例：可以抓取的目标称为实例（Instances）
作业：具有相同目标的实例集合称为作业（Job）
scrape_configs:
-job_name: 'prometheus'
static_configs:
-targets: ['localhost:9090']
-job_name: 'node'
static_configs:
-targets: ['192.168.1.10:9090']
2 K8S监控指标及实现思路
k8S监控指标
Kubernetes本身监控
- Node资源利用率
- Node数量
- Pods数量（Node）
- 资源对象状态
Pod监控
- Pod数量（项目）
- 容器资源利用率
- 应用程序
Prometheus监控K8S架构
| 监控指标 | 具体实现 | 举例 |
|---|---|---|
| Pod性能 | cAdvisor | 容器CPU |
| Node性能 | node-exporter 节点CPU | 内存利用率 |
| K8S资源对象 | kube-state-metrics | Pod/Deployment/Service |
| 服务发现： | ||
| https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/configuration/configuration/#kubernetes_sd_config |
3 在K8S平台部署Prometheus
3.1集群环境
| ip地址 | 角色 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|
| 192.168.73.136 | nfs | |
| 192.168.73.138 | k8s-master | |
| 192.168.73.139 | k8s-node01 | |
| 192.168.73.140 | k8s-node02 | |
| 192.168.73.135 | k8s-node03 |
3.2 项目地址：
[root@k8s-master src]# git clone https://github.com/zhangdongdong7/k8s-prometheus.git
Cloning into 'k8s-prometheus'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 3, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (3/3), done.
remote: Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0
Unpacking objects: 100% (3/3), done.
[root@k8s-master src]# cd k8s-prometheus/
[root@k8s-master k8s-prometheus]# ls
alertmanager-configmap.yaml kube-state-metrics-rbac.yaml prometheus-rbac.yaml
alertmanager-deployment.yaml kube-state-metrics-service.yaml prometheus-rules.yaml
alertmanager-pvc.yaml node_exporter-0.17.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz prometheus-service.yaml
alertmanager-service.yaml node_exporter.sh prometheus-statefulset-static-pv.yaml
grafana.yaml OWNERS prometheus-statefulset.yaml
kube-state-metrics-deployment.yaml prometheus-configmap.yaml README.md
3.3 授权
RBAC（Role-Based Access Control，基于角色的访问控制）：负责完成授权（Authorization）工作。
编写授权yaml
[root@k8s-master prometheus-k8s]# vim prometheus-rbac.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: prometheus
namespace: kube-system
labels:
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
name: prometheus
labels:
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes
- nodes/metrics
- services
- endpoints
- pods
verbs:
- get
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- configmaps
verbs:
- get
- nonResourceURLs:
- "/metrics"
verbs:
- get
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: prometheus
labels:
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
"prometheus-rbac.yaml" 55L, 1080C 1,1 Top
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: prometheus
namespace: kube-system
labels:
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
name: prometheus
labels:
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
1,1 Top
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: prometheus
namespace: kube-system
labels:
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
name: prometheus
labels:
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes
- nodes/metrics
- services
- endpoints
- pods
verbs:
- get
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- configmaps
verbs:
- get
- nonResourceURLs:
- "/metrics"
verbs:
- get
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: prometheus
labels:
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: prometheus
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: prometheus
namespace: kube-system
创建
[root@k8s-master prometheus-k8s]# kubectl apply -f prometheus-rbac.yaml
3.4 配置管理
使用Configmap保存不需要加密配置信息
其中需要把nodes中ip地址根据自己的地址进行修改
[root@k8s-master prometheus-k8s]# vim prometheus-configmap.yaml
# Prometheus configuration format https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/configuration/configuration/
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap #
metadata:
name: prometheus-config
namespace: kube-system
labels:
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: EnsureExists
data:
prometheus.yml: |
rule_files:
- /etc/config/rules/*.rules
scrape_configs:
- job_name: prometheus
static_configs:
- targets:
- localhost:9090
- job_name: kubernetes-nodes
scrape_interval: 30s
static_configs:
- targets:
- 192.168.73.135:9100
- 192.168.73.138:9100
- 192.168.73.139:9100
- 192.168.73.140:9100
- job_name: kubernetes-apiservers
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: endpoints
relabel_configs:
- action: keep
regex: default;kubernetes;https
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_namespace
- __meta_kubernetes_service_name
- __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name
scheme: https
tls_config:
ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
insecure_skip_verify: true
bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
- job_name: kubernetes-nodes-kubelet
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: node
relabel_configs:
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
scheme: https
tls_config:
ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
insecure_skip_verify: true
bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
- job_name: kubernetes-nodes-cadvisor
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: node
relabel_configs:
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
- target_label: __metrics_path__
replacement: /metrics/cadvisor
scheme: https
tls_config:
ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
insecure_skip_verify: true
bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
- job_name: kubernetes-service-endpoints
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: endpoints
relabel_configs:
- action: keep
regex: true
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape
- action: replace
regex: (https?)
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scheme
target_label: __scheme__
- action: replace
regex: (.+)
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_path
target_label: __metrics_path__
- action: replace
regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
replacement: $1:$2
source_labels:
- __address__
- __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_port
target_label: __address__
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
- action: replace
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_namespace
target_label: kubernetes_namespace
- action: replace
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_service_name
target_label: kubernetes_name
- job_name: kubernetes-services
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: service
metrics_path: /probe
params:
module:
- http_2xx
relabel_configs:
- action: keep
regex: true
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_probe
- source_labels:
- __address__
target_label: __param_target
- replacement: blackbox
target_label: __address__
- source_labels:
- __param_target
target_label: instance
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
- source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_namespace
target_label: kubernetes_namespace
- source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_service_name
target_label: kubernetes_name
- job_name: kubernetes-pods
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: pod
relabel_configs:
- action: keep
regex: true
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape
- action: replace
regex: (.+)
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_path
target_label: __metrics_path__
- action: replace
regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
replacement: $1:$2
source_labels:
- __address__
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_port
target_label: __address__
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_pod_label_(.+)
- action: replace
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_namespace
target_label: kubernetes_namespace
- action: replace
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_name
target_label: kubernetes_pod_name
alerting:
alertmanagers:
- static_configs:
- targets: ["alertmanager:80"]
创建
[root@k8s-master prometheus-k8s]# kubectl apply -f prometheus-configmap.yaml
3.5 有状态部署prometheus
这里使用storageclass进行动态供给，给prometheus的数据进行持久化，具体实现办法，可以查看之前的文章《k8s中的NFS动态存储供给》，除此之外可以使用静态供给的prometheus-statefulset-static-pv.yaml进行持久化
[root@k8s-master prometheus-k8s]# vim prometheus-statefulset.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
name: prometheus
namespace: kube-system
labels:
k8s-app: prometheus
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
version: v2.2.1
spec:
serviceName: "prometheus"
replicas: 1
podManagementPolicy: "Parallel"
updateStrategy:
type: "RollingUpdate"
selector:
matchLabels:
k8s-app: prometheus
template:
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: prometheus
annotations:
scheduler.alpha.kubernetes.io/critical-pod: ''
spec:
priorityClassName: system-cluster-critical
serviceAccountName: prometheus
initContainers:
- name: "init-chown-data"
image: "busybox:latest"
imagePullPolicy: "IfNotPresent"
command: ["chown", "-R", "65534:65534", "/data"]
volumeMounts:
- name: prometheus-data
mountPath: /data
subPath: ""
containers:
- name: prometheus-server-configmap-reload
image: "jimmidyson/configmap-reload:v0.1"
imagePullPolicy: "IfNotPresent"
args:
- --volume-dir=/etc/config
- --webhook-url=http://localhost:9090/-/reload
volumeMounts:
- name: config-volume
mountPath: /etc/config
readOnly: true
resources:
limits:
cpu: 10m
memory: 10Mi
requests:
cpu: 10m
memory: 10Mi
- name: prometheus-server
image: "prom/prometheus:v2.2.1"
imagePullPolicy: "IfNotPresent"
args:
- --config.file=/etc/config/prometheus.yml
- --storage.tsdb.path=/data
- --web.console.libraries=/etc/prometheus/console_libraries
- --web.console.templates=/etc/prometheus/consoles
- --web.enable-lifecycle
ports:
- containerPort: 9090
readinessProbe:
httpGet:
path: /-/ready
port: 9090
initialDelaySeconds: 30
timeoutSeconds: 30
livenessProbe:
httpGet:
path: /-/healthy
port: 9090
initialDelaySeconds: 30
timeoutSeconds: 30
# based on 10 running nodes with 30 pods each
resources:
limits:
cpu: 200m
memory: 1000Mi
requests:
cpu: 200m
memory: 1000Mi
volumeMounts:
- name: config-volume
mountPath: /etc/config
- name: prometheus-data
mountPath: /data
subPath: ""
- name: prometheus-rules
mountPath: /etc/config/rules
terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 300
volumes:
- name: config-volume
configMap:
name: prometheus-config
- name: prometheus-rules
configMap:
name: prometheus-rules
volumeClaimTemplates:
- metadata:
name: prometheus-data
spec:
storageClassName: managed-nfs-storage
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
resources:
requests:
storage: "16Gi"
创建
[root@k8s-master prometheus-k8s]# kubectl apply -f prometheus-statefulset.yaml
检查状态
[root@k8s-master prometheus-k8s]# kubectl get pod -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
alertmanager-5d75d5688f-fmlq6 2/2 Running 0 8d
coredns-5bd5f9dbd9-wv45t 1/1 Running 1 8d
grafana-0 1/1 Running 2 14d
kube-state-metrics-7c76bdbf68-kqqgd 2/2 Running 6 13d
kubernetes-dashboard-7d77666777-d5ng4 1/1 Running 5 14d
prometheus-0 2/2 Running 6 14d
可以看到一个prometheus-0的pod，这就刚才使用statefulset控制器进行的有状态部署，状态为Runing则是正常，如果不为Runing可以使用kubectl describe pod prometheus-0 -n kube-system查看报错详情
3.6 创建service暴露访问端口
此处使用nodePort固定一个访问端口，便于记忆
[root@k8s-master prometheus-k8s]# vim prometheus-service.yaml
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: prometheus
namespace: kube-system
labels:
kubernetes.io/name: "Prometheus"
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
spec:
type: NodePort
ports:
- name: http
port: 9090
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 9090
nodePort: 30090
selector:
k8s-app: prometheus
创建
[root@k8s-master prometheus-k8s]# kubectl apply -f prometheus-service.yaml
检查
[root@k8s-master prometheus-k8s]# kubectl get pod,svc -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod/coredns-5bd5f9dbd9-wv45t 1/1 Running 1 8d
pod/kubernetes-dashboard-7d77666777-d5ng4 1/1 Running 5 14d
pod/prometheus-0 2/2 Running 6 14d
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
service/kube-dns ClusterIP 10.0.0.2 <none> 53/UDP,53/TCP 13d
service/kubernetes-dashboard NodePort 10.0.0.127 <none> 443:30001/TCP 16d
service/prometheus NodePort 10.0.0.33 <none> 9090:30090/TCP 13d
3.7 web访问
使用任意一个NodeIP加端口进行访问，访问地址：http://NodeIP:Port ,此例就是：http://192.168.73.139:30090
访问成功的界面如图所示：
4 在K8S平台部署Grafana
通过上面的web访问，可以看出prometheus自带的UI界面是没有多少功能的，可视化展示的功能不完善，不能满足日常的监控所需，因此常常我们需要再结合Prometheus+Grafana的方式来进行可视化的数据展示
官网地址：
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/tree/master/cluster/addons/prometheus
https://grafana.com/grafana/download
刚才下载的项目中已经写好了Grafana的yaml，根据自己的环境进行修改
4.1 使用StatefulSet部署grafana
[root@k8s-master prometheus-k8s]# vim grafana.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
name: grafana
namespace: kube-system
spec:
serviceName: "grafana"
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: grafana
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: grafana
spec:
containers:
- name: grafana
image: grafana/grafana
ports:
- containerPort: 3000
protocol: TCP
resources:
limits:
cpu: 100m
memory: 256Mi
requests:
cpu: 100m
memory: 256Mi
volumeMounts:
- name: grafana-data
mountPath: /var/lib/grafana
subPath: grafana
securityContext:
fsGroup: 472
runAsUser: 472
volumeClaimTemplates:
- metadata:
name: grafana-data
spec:
storageClassName: managed-nfs-storage
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
resources:
requests:
storage: "1Gi"
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: grafana
namespace: kube-system
spec:
type: NodePort
ports:
- port : 80
targetPort: 3000
nodePort: 30091
selector:
app: grafana
4.2 Grafana的web访问
使用任意一个NodeIP加端口进行访问，访问地址：http://NodeIP:Port ,此例就是：http://192.168.73.139:30091
成功访问界面如下，会需要进行账号密码登陆，默认账号密码都为admin，登陆之后会让修改密码
登陆之后的界面如下
第一步需要进行数据源添加，点击create your first data source数据库图标，根据下图所示进行添加即可
第二步，添加完了之后点击底部的绿色的Save&Test，会成功提示Data sourse is working，则表示数据源添加成功
4.3 监控K8S集群中Pod、Node、资源对象
Pod
kubelet的节点使用cAdvisor提供的metrics接口获取该节点所有Pod和容器相关的性能指标数据。
暴露接口地址：
https://NodeIP:10255/metrics/cadvisor
https://NodeIP:10250/metrics/cadvisor
Node
使用node_exporter收集器采集节点资源利用率。
https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter
使用文档：https://prometheus.io/docs/guides/node-exporter/
使用node_exporter.sh脚本分别在三台服务器上部署node_exporter收集器，不需要修改可直接运行脚本
[root@k8s-master prometheus-k8s]# cat node_exporter.sh
#!/bin/bash
wget https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases/download/v0.17.0/node_exporter-0.17.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar zxf node_exporter-0.17.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv node_exporter-0.17.0.linux-amd64 /usr/local/node_exporter
cat <<EOF >/usr/lib/systemd/system/node_exporter.service
[Unit]
Description=https://prometheus.io
[Service]
Restart=on-failure
ExecStart=/usr/local/node_exporter/node_exporter --collector.systemd --collector.systemd.unit-whitelist=(docker|kubelet|kube-proxy|flanneld).service
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable node_exporter
systemctl restart node_exporter
[root@k8s-master prometheus-k8s]# ./node_exporter.sh
- 检测node_exporter的进程，是否生效
[root@k8s-master prometheus-k8s]# ps -ef|grep node_exporter
root 6227 1 0 Oct08 ? 00:06:43 /usr/local/node_exporter/node_exporter --collector.systemd --collector.systemd.unit-whitelist=(docker|kubelet|kube-proxy|flanneld).service
root 118269 117584 0 23:27 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto node_exporter
资源对象
kube-state-metrics采集了k8s中各种资源对象的状态信息，只需要在master节点部署就行
https://github.com/kubernetes/kube-state-metrics
- 创建rbac的yaml对metrics进行授权
[root@k8s-master prometheus-k8s]# vim kube-state-metrics-rbac.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: kube-state-metrics
namespace: kube-system
labels:
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
name: kube-state-metrics
labels:
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
resources:
- configmaps
- secrets
- nodes
- pods
- services
- resourcequotas
- replicationcontrollers
- limitranges
- persistentvolumeclaims
- persistentvolumes
- namespaces
- endpoints
verbs: ["list", "watch"]
- apiGroups: ["extensions"]
resources:
- daemonsets
- deployments
- replicasets
verbs: ["list", "watch"]
- apiGroups: ["apps"]
resources:
- statefulsets
verbs: ["list", "watch"]
- apiGroups: ["batch"]
resources:
- cronjobs
- jobs
verbs: ["list", "watch"]
- apiGroups: ["autoscaling"]
resources:
- horizontalpodautoscalers
verbs: ["list", "watch"]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
name: kube-state-metrics-resizer
namespace: kube-system
labels:
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
resources:
- pods
verbs: ["get"]
- apiGroups: ["extensions"]
resources:
- deployments
resourceNames: ["kube-state-metrics"]
verbs: ["get", "update"]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: kube-state-metrics
labels:
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: kube-state-metrics
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: kube-state-metrics
namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
name: kube-state-metrics
namespace: kube-system
labels:
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: Role
name: kube-state-metrics-resizer
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: kube-state-metrics
namespace: kube-system
[root@k8s-master prometheus-k8s]# kubectl apply -f kube-state-metrics-rbac.yaml
- 编写Deployment和ConfigMap的yaml进行metrics pod部署，不需要进行修改
[root@k8s-master prometheus-k8s]# cat kube-state-metrics-deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: kube-state-metrics
namespace: kube-system
labels:
k8s-app: kube-state-metrics
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
version: v1.3.0
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
k8s-app: kube-state-metrics
version: v1.3.0
replicas: 1
template:
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kube-state-metrics
version: v1.3.0
annotations:
scheduler.alpha.kubernetes.io/critical-pod: ''
spec:
priorityClassName: system-cluster-critical
serviceAccountName: kube-state-metrics
containers:
- name: kube-state-metrics
image: lizhenliang/kube-state-metrics:v1.3.0
ports:
- name: http-metrics
containerPort: 8080
- name: telemetry
containerPort: 8081
readinessProbe:
httpGet:
path: /healthz
port: 8080
initialDelaySeconds: 5
timeoutSeconds: 5
- name: addon-resizer
image: lizhenliang/addon-resizer:1.8.3
resources:
limits:
cpu: 100m
memory: 30Mi
requests:
cpu: 100m
memory: 30Mi
env:
- name: MY_POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: MY_POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: config-volume
mountPath: /etc/config
command:
- /pod_nanny
- --config-dir=/etc/config
- --container=kube-state-metrics
- --cpu=100m
- --extra-cpu=1m
- --memory=100Mi
- --extra-memory=2Mi
- --threshold=5
- --deployment=kube-state-metrics
volumes:
- name: config-volume
configMap:
name: kube-state-metrics-config
---
# Config map for resource configuration.
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: kube-state-metrics-config
namespace: kube-system
labels:
k8s-app: kube-state-metrics
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
data:
NannyConfiguration: |-
apiVersion: nannyconfig/v1alpha1
kind: NannyConfiguration
[root@k8s-master prometheus-k8s]# kubectl apply -f kube-state-metrics-deployment.yaml
- 编写Service的yaml对metrics进行端口暴露
[root@k8s-master prometheus-k8s]# cat kube-state-metrics-service.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: kube-state-metrics
namespace: kube-system
labels:
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
kubernetes.io/name: "kube-state-metrics"
annotations:
prometheus.io/scrape: 'true'
spec:
ports:
- name: http-metrics
port: 8080
targetPort: http-metrics
protocol: TCP
- name: telemetry
port: 8081
targetPort: telemetry
protocol: TCP
selector:
k8s-app: kube-state-metrics
[root@k8s-master prometheus-k8s]# kubectl apply -f kube-state-metrics-service.yaml
- 检查pod和svc的状态，可以看到正常运行了pod/kube-state-metrics-7c76bdbf68-kqqgd 和对外暴露了8080和8081端口
[root@k8s-master prometheus-k8s]# kubectl get pod,svc -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod/alertmanager-5d75d5688f-fmlq6 2/2 Running 0 9d
pod/coredns-5bd5f9dbd9-wv45t 1/1 Running 1 9d
pod/grafana-0 1/1 Running 2 15d
pod/kube-state-metrics-7c76bdbf68-kqqgd 2/2 Running 6 14d
pod/kubernetes-dashboard-7d77666777-d5ng4 1/1 Running 5 16d
pod/prometheus-0 2/2 Running 6 15d
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
service/alertmanager ClusterIP 10.0.0.207 <none> 80/TCP 13d
service/grafana NodePort 10.0.0.74 <none> 80:30091/TCP 15d
service/kube-dns ClusterIP 10.0.0.2 <none> 53/UDP,53/TCP 14d
service/kube-state-metrics ClusterIP 10.0.0.194 <none> 8080/TCP,8081/TCP 14d
service/kubernetes-dashboard NodePort 10.0.0.127 <none> 443:30001/TCP 17d
service/prometheus NodePort 10.0.0.33 <none> 9090:30090/TCP 14d
[root@k8s-master prometheus-k8s]#
5 使用Grafana可视化展示Prometheus监控数据
通常在使用Prometheus采集数据的时候我们需要监控K8S集群中Pod、Node、资源对象，因此我们需要安装对应的插件和资源采集器来提供api进行数据获取，在4.3中我们已经配置好，我们也可以使用Prometheus的UI界面中的Staus菜单下的Target中的各个采集器的状态情况，如图所示：
只有当我们各个Target的状态都是UP状态时，我们可以使用自带的的界面去获取到某一监控项的相关的数据，如图所示：
从上面的图中可以看出Prometheus的界面可视化展示的功能较单一，不能满足需求，因此我们需要结合Grafana来进行可视化展示Prometheus监控数据，在上一章节，已经成功部署了Granfana，因此需要在使用的时候添加dashboard和Panel来设计展示相关的监控项，但是实际上在Granfana社区里面有很多成熟的模板，我们可以直接使用，然后根据自己的环境修改Panel中的查询语句来获取数据
https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards
推荐模板：
- 集群资源监控：3119
当模板添加之后如果某一个Panel不显示数据，可以点击Panel上的编辑，查询PromQL语句，然后去Prometheus自己的界面上进行调试PromQL语句是否可以获取到值，最后调整之后的监控界面如图所示
-
资源状态监控：6417
同理，添加资源状态的监控模板，然后经过调整之后的监控界面如图所示，可以获取到k8s中各种资源状态的监控展示
-
Node监控：9276
同理，添加资源状态的监控模板，然后经过调整之后的监控界面如图所示，可以获取到各个node上的基本情况
6 在K8S中部署Alertmanager
6.1 部署Alertmanager
6.2 部署告警
我们以Email来进行实现告警信息的发送
- 首先需要准备一个发件邮箱，开启stmp发送功能
- 使用configmap存储告警规则，编写报警规则的yaml文件，可根据自己的实际情况进行修改和添加报警的规则，prometheus比zabbix就麻烦在这里，所有的告警规则需要自己去定义
[root@k8s-master prometheus-k8s]# vim prometheus-rules.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: prometheus-rules
namespace: kube-system
data:
general.rules: |
groups:
- name: general.rules
rules:
- alert: InstanceDown
expr: up == 0
for: 1m
labels:
severity: error
annotations:
summary: "Instance {{ $labels.instance }} 停止工作"
description: "{{ $labels.instance }} job {{ $labels.job }} 已经停止5分钟以上."
node.rules: |
groups:
- name: node.rules
rules:
- alert: NodeFilesystemUsage
expr: 100 - (node_filesystem_free_bytes{fstype=~"ext4|xfs"} / node_filesystem_size_bytes{fstype=~"ext4|xfs"} * 100) > 80
for: 1m
labels:
severity: warning
annotations:
summary: "Instance {{ $labels.instance }} : {{ $labels.mountpoint }} 分区使用率过高"
description: "{{ $labels.instance }}: {{ $labels.mountpoint }} 分区使用大于80% (当前值: {{ $value }})"
- alert: NodeMemoryUsage
expr: 100 - (node_memory_MemFree_bytes+node_memory_Cached_bytes+node_memory_Buffers_bytes) / node_memory_MemTotal_bytes * 10
0 > 80
for: 1m
labels:
severity: warning
annotations:
summary: "Instance {{ $labels.instance }} 内存使用率过高"
description: "{{ $labels.instance }}内存使用大于80% (当前值: {{ $value }})"
- alert: NodeCPUUsage
expr: 100 - (avg(irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode="idle"}[5m])) by (instance) * 100) > 60
for: 1m
labels:
severity: warning
annotations:
summary: "Instance {{ $labels.instance }} CPU使用率过高"
description: "{{ $labels.instance }}CPU使用大于60% (当前值: {{ $value }})"
[root@k8s-master prometheus-k8s]# kubectl apply -f prometheus-rules.yaml
- 编写告警configmap的yaml文件部署，增加alertmanager告警配置，进行配置邮箱发送地址
[root@k8s-master prometheus-k8s]# vim alertmanager-configmap.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: alertmanager-config
namespace: kube-system
labels:
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: EnsureExists
data:
alertmanager.yml: |
global:
resolve_timeout: 5m
smtp_smarthost: 'mail.goldwind.com.cn:587' #登陆邮件进行查看
smtp_from: 'goldwindscada@goldwind.com.cn' #根据自己申请的发件邮箱进行配置
smtp_auth_username: 'goldwindscada@goldwind.com.cn'
smtp_auth_password: 'Dbadmin@123'
receivers:
- name: default-receiver
email_configs:
- to: "zhangdongdong27459@goldwind.com.cn"
route:
group_interval: 1m
group_wait: 10s
receiver: default-receiver
repeat_interval: 1m
[root@k8s-master prometheus-k8s]# kubectl apply -f alertmanager-configmap.yaml
- 创建PVC进行数据持久化，我这个yaml文件使用的跟Prometheus安装时用的存储类来进行自动供给，需要根据自己的实际情况修改
[root@k8s-master prometheus-k8s]# vim alertmanager-pvc.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
name: alertmanager
namespace: kube-system
labels:
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: EnsureExists
spec:
storageClassName: managed-nfs-storage
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
resources:
requests:
storage: "2Gi"
[root@k8s-master prometheus-k8s]# kubectl apply -f alertmanager-pvc.yaml
- 编写deployment的yaml来部署alertmanager的pod
[root@k8s-master prometheus-k8s]# vim alertmanager-deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: alertmanager
namespace: kube-system
labels:
k8s-app: alertmanager
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
version: v0.14.0
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
k8s-app: alertmanager
version: v0.14.0
template:
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: alertmanager
version: v0.14.0
annotations:
scheduler.alpha.kubernetes.io/critical-pod: ''
spec:
priorityClassName: system-cluster-critical
containers:
- name: prometheus-alertmanager
image: "prom/alertmanager:v0.14.0"
imagePullPolicy: "IfNotPresent"
args:
- --config.file=/etc/config/alertmanager.yml
- --storage.path=/data
- --web.external-url=/
ports:
- containerPort: 9093
readinessProbe:
httpGet:
path: /#/status
port: 9093
initialDelaySeconds: 30
timeoutSeconds: 30
volumeMounts:
- name: config-volume
mountPath: /etc/config
- name: storage-volume
mountPath: "/data"
subPath: ""
resources:
limits:
cpu: 10m
memory: 50Mi
requests:
cpu: 10m
memory: 50Mi
- name: prometheus-alertmanager-configmap-reload
image: "jimmidyson/configmap-reload:v0.1"
imagePullPolicy: "IfNotPresent"
args:
- --volume-dir=/etc/config
- --webhook-url=http://localhost:9093/-/reload
volumeMounts:
- name: config-volume
mountPath: /etc/config
readOnly: true
resources:
limits:
cpu: 10m
memory: 10Mi
requests:
cpu: 10m
memory: 10Mi
volumes:
- name: config-volume
configMap:
name: alertmanager-config
- name: storage-volume
persistentVolumeClaim:
claimName: alertmanager
[root@k8s-master prometheus-k8s]# kubectl apply -f alertmanager-deployment.yaml
- 创建 alertmanager的service对外暴露的端口
[root@k8s-master prometheus-k8s]# vim alertmanager-service.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: alertmanager
namespace: kube-system
labels:
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
kubernetes.io/name: "Alertmanager"
spec:
ports:
- name: http
port: 80
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 9093
selector:
k8s-app: alertmanager
type: "ClusterIP"
[root@k8s-master prometheus-k8s]# kubectl apply -f alertmanager-service.yaml
- 检测部署状态，可以发现pod/alertmanager-5d75d5688f-fmlq6和service/alertmanager正常运行
[root@k8s-master prometheus-k8s]# kubectl get pod,svc -n kube-system -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
pod/alertmanager-5d75d5688f-fmlq6 2/2 Running 4 10d 172.17.15.2 192.168.73.140 <none> <none>
pod/coredns-5bd5f9dbd9-qxvmz 1/1 Running 0 42m 172.17.33.2 192.168.73.138 <none> <none>
pod/grafana-0 1/1 Running 3 16d 172.17.31.2 192.168.73.139 <none> <none>
pod/kube-state-metrics-7c76bdbf68-hv56m 2/2 Running 0 23h 172.17.15.3 192.168.73.140 <none> <none>
pod/kubernetes-dashboard-7d77666777-d5ng4 1/1 Running 6 17d 172.17.31.4 192.168.73.139 <none> <none>
pod/prometheus-0 2/2 Running 8 16d 172.17.83.2 192.168.73.135 <none> <none>
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE SELECTOR
service/alertmanager ClusterIP 10.0.0.207 <none> 80/TCP 14d k8s-app=alertmanager
service/grafana NodePort 10.0.0.74 <none> 80:30091/TCP 16d app=grafana
service/kube-dns ClusterIP 10.0.0.2 <none> 53/UDP,53/TCP 42m k8s-app=kube-dns
service/kube-state-metrics ClusterIP 10.0.0.194 <none> 8080/TCP,8081/TCP 15d k8s-app=kube-state-metrics
service/kubernetes-dashboard NodePort 10.0.0.127 <none> 443:30001/TCP 18d k8s-app=kubernetes-dashboard
service/prometheus NodePort 10.0.0.33 <none> 9090:30090/TCP 15d k8s-app=prometheus
6.3 测试告警发送
