Android客户端与服务器通信之HttpClient的使用

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 关于http协议的介绍，请参考：http://www.cnblogs.com/hanyonglu/archive/2012/02/19/2357842.html ，作者讲解的很清楚。

 

下面就总结下两种发送带参数的http请求：

两种方法的主要区别是如何携带参数（也就是键值对）的问题，get方法是把要传递的参数直接封装在url中（get方法中的url=要访问的服务器网址信息+需要传递的参数），而post方法是把传递的参数封装在一个list 对象里，然后把这个装有键值对的对象直接绑在httpPost对象上，不是放在url中。

package com.test.http;

import java.util.List;

import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.params.BasicHttpParams;
import org.apache.http.params.HttpConnectionParams;
import org.apache.http.params.HttpParams;
import org.apache.http.protocol.HTTP;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

/**
 *以同步方式发送Http请求
 */
public class HttpTools
{
    
    /**
     * 通过GET方式发送请求
     * @param url URL地址
     * @param params 参数
     * @return 
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public String getResultForHttpGet(String url, String params) throws Exception
    {
        String response = null; //返回信息
        //拼接请求URL
        if (null!=params&&!params.equals(""))
        {
            url += "?" + params;
        }
        
        int timeoutConnection = 10000000;  
        int timeoutSocket = 5000000;  
        //设置网络链接超时
        HttpParams httpParameters = new BasicHttpParams();
        //设置socket响应超时
        HttpConnectionParams.setConnectionTimeout(httpParameters, timeoutConnection);
        HttpConnectionParams.setSoTimeout(httpParameters, timeoutSocket); 
        
        // 构造HttpClient的实例
        HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient(httpParameters);
        
        System.out.println("URL = "+url);
        // 生成一个请求对象 
        HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
        
        try
        {
            // 使用Http客户端发送请求对象
            HttpResponse httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
            
            int statusCode = httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
            if (statusCode == HttpStatus.SC_OK) //SC_OK = 200
            {
                // 获得返回结果
                response = EntityUtils.toString(httpResponse.getEntity());
            }
            else
            {
                response = "返回码：" + statusCode;
            }
        } catch (Exception e)
        {
            throw new Exception(e);
        }
        
        return response;
    }

    /**
     * 通过POST方式发送请求
     * @param url URL地址
     * @param params 参数
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public String getReultForHttpPost(String url, List<NameValuePair> params) throws Exception
    {
        String response = null;
        int timeoutConnection = 300000;  
        int timeoutSocket = 500000;  
        // 设置网络链接超时 
        HttpParams httpParameters = new BasicHttpParams();
        // 设置socket响应超时 
        HttpConnectionParams.setConnectionTimeout(httpParameters, timeoutConnection);
        HttpConnectionParams.setSoTimeout(httpParameters, timeoutSocket);  
        // 构造HttpClient的实例
        HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient(httpParameters);  
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
        if (params.size()>=0)
        {
            //设置httpPost请求参数
            httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params, HTTP.UTF_8));
        }
        //使用execute方法发送HTTP Post请求，并返回HttpResponse对象
        HttpResponse httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
        int statusCode = httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
        if(statusCode == HttpStatus.SC_OK)
        {
            //获得返回结果
            System.out.println("Post请求成功");
            response = EntityUtils.toString(httpResponse.getEntity());
        }
        else
        {
            response = "返回码："+statusCode;
        }
        return response;
    }
    
}

 

 

在android客户端，用异步方式实现： 

package com.test.http;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;

import com.test.http.R;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.ProgressDialog;
import android.content.Context;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class TestHttpActivity extends Activity {
    private TextView mMsgTxt;
    private Button mSendBtn;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        mMsgTxt = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.txt_show_message);
        mSendBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_send);
        
        mSendBtn.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                System.out.println("onClick----准备发送请求！");
                post();
            }
        });
    }

    public void post() {
        AsynTask asyntask = new AsynTask(this);
        asyntask.execute("http://192.168.1.1:8080/TestHttpPost/HttpPost");
    }

    class AsynTask extends AsyncTask<String, Integer, String> {
        ProgressDialog pdialog;

        public AsynTask(Context context) {
            pdialog = new ProgressDialog(context, 0);
            pdialog.setCancelable(true);
            pdialog.setProgressStyle(ProgressDialog.STYLE_SPINNER);
            pdialog.setMessage("取消");
            pdialog.show();
        }

        @Override
        protected String doInBackground(String... params) {
            HttpTools httpTools = new HttpTools();
            String result = "";
            
            // NameValuePair对象代表一个键值对  
            NameValuePair nameValuePair1 = new BasicNameValuePair("username","test");    
            NameValuePair nameValuePair2 = new BasicNameValuePair("password","123456");  
            List<NameValuePair> nameValuePairs = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();  
            //把要发送的键值对参数放到一个list中去  
            nameValuePairs.add(nameValuePair1);  
            nameValuePairs.add(nameValuePair2);  
            
            try {
//                /*使用Get方式*/
//                String para = "username=test&password=123456";
//                result = httpTools.getResultForHttpGet(params[0], para);
                
                /*使用Post方式*/
                result = httpTools.getReultForHttpPost(params[0], nameValuePairs);
                
                
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return result;
        }

        @Override
        protected void onCancelled() {

            super.onCancelled();
        }

        @Override
        protected void onPostExecute(String result) {
            mMsgTxt.setText(result);
            System.out.println("客户端取到的信息" + result);
            pdialog.dismiss();
        }

        @Override
        protected void onPreExecute() {
            mMsgTxt.setText("task start.......");
        }

        @Override
        protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... values) {
            System.out.println("" + values[0]);
            mMsgTxt.setText("" + values[0]);
            pdialog.setProgress(values[0]);
        }

    }

}

 

布局文件测试用，就写的很简单，一个Button，一个TextView.

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical" >

    <Button 
        android:id="@+id/btn_send"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Send"/>
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/txt_show_message"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:text="message"/>

</LinearLayout>

 

其他几个介绍用HttpClient实现网络通信的博客，可以参考下：

HttpClient获取并解析JSON数据：http://www.open-open.com/lib/view/open1377956762049.html

android 注册、登录实现程序：http://www.cnblogs.com/dyllove98/archive/2013/08/03/3235407.html

android开发中的http操作：http://blog.csdn.net/muer2012/article/details/7314979

Android网络编程之Http通信：http://52android.blog.51cto.com/2554429/496621/

Android学习笔记46：使用Post方式提交数据: http://www.cnblogs.com/menlsh/archive/2013/05/22/3091983.html

 

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