使用requests库实现http请求

1.发送请求

import requests

url = 'http://www.tipdm.com/tipdm/index.html'

rqq = requests.get(url)

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print('响应码：', rqq.status_code)
print('编码：', rqq.encoding)
print('请求头：', rqq.headers)
# print('实体：', rqq.text)
print('实体：', rqq.content)

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print('实体：', rqq.text[:40])
print('实体：', rqq.content[:40])

2.设置编码

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import requests

url = 'http://www.tipdm.com/tipdm/index.html'

rqq = requests.get(url)
rqq.encoding = 'utf-8'
print('实体：', rqq.text)

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print('实体：', rqq.content.decode('utf-8'))

3.自适应编码设置

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import chardet
#chardet库使用detect方法检测给定字符串的编码
chardet.detect(rqq.content)

4.防止连接不稳定

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import requests

url = 'http://www.tipdm.com/tipdm/index.html'
head = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/71.0.3578.98 Safari/537.36'}

'''
为避免因等待服务器响应造成程序永久失去响应，通常需要给程序设置一个时间作为
限制，超过该时间后程序将会自动停止等待。在requests库中通过设置timeout
这个参数实现，超过该参数设定的秒数后，程序会停止等待
'''
rqq = requests.get(url, headers=head, timeout=2.)
rqq.headers

5.完整实例

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import requests
import chardet
url = 'http://www.tipdm.com/tipdm/index.html'
head = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/71.0.3578.98 Safari/537.36'}
rqq = requests.get(url, headers=head, timeout=2.0)
# rqq.encoding = 'utf-8'
rqq.encoding = chardet.detect(rqq.content)['encoding']
rqq.text