非谓语
非谓语就是不定式，分为带to的不定式，和不带to的
不定式很灵活，他能在句子中充当很多角色，从名字上就能看出来，不定，就是灵活多变，没有定数
- 构成谓语
不定式自己是不能作为谓语的，需要和情态动词、助动词、动词、形容词搭配，一起成为句子中的谓语
和情态动词搭配的时候就不用带to
例如：
we must keep this in mind 我们必须记住这一点
和助动词搭配的时候也不用to
例如：
I'll be back right away. 我马上就回来
其他的搭配要用to
和动词搭配
例如：
You ought to be prepared for the worst. 你必须准备应付最坏的情况
She happened to live in the same department. 她碰巧住在同一个小区.
疑问：与不定式做宾语有什么区别？ 解答：ought 和 happened 虽然都是动词，但是在语义上却不是谓语，所以后面的不定式不是动词的宾语，而真正的谓语是动词+不定式
和形容词搭配
例如：
He is certain to return. 他一定会回来
疑问：与不定式做状语有什么区别？
和被动结构搭配 疑问：与不定式做复核宾语的被动结构有什么区别？
例如：
This was thought to be impossible 过去这被认为是不可能的
You are expected to speak at the meeting. 大家期待你在会上发言
- 做主语
一种是句子开头用不定式做主语
例如：
To lean out of the window is dangerous. 把头伸出窗外是危险的
另一种使用 it 代替，做为先行主语，不定式作为真正的主语放到句子的后半部分，有如下的几种结构
It + be + 形容词 + 不定式 斜体部分是真正的主语
It's impossible to finish the job in one day. 一天完成这项工作是不可能的
It + be + 名词 + 不定式
It's our duty to obey the law 遵守法律是我们的责任
It + be + 介词短语 + 不定式
It's not within my power to change his view 改变他的观点非我所能
It + 动词 + （宾语） + 不定式
It cost a lot of money to build this museum. 盖这做博物馆花了很多钱
It feels good to be out here for a while 出来在这待一会还是挺惬意的
- 做宾语
很多的动词都可以用不定式作为它的宾语
He agreed to pay $4000 for the car. 他同意出4千刀买这辆车
连接词+不定式做动词的宾语
He discovered how to open the safe. 他发现了开保险箱的方法
She showed me which button to press. 她教我按哪个按钮
连接词+不定式除了做动词的宾语外，还能做介词宾语
He wrote a book on how to protect the environment. 他写了一本关于环保的书
They were worried about how to find the necessary equipment. 他们为如何找到所需的设备而发愁
使用it代替，作为先行宾语，不定式作为真正的宾语放在句子的后面
I have long had it in mind to answer your letter. 好久以来我一直想回你的信
She took it on herself to apologize to me. 她亲自来向我道歉
- 做复合宾语
动词+宾语+不定式宾语
例如
My boss told me to type out two letters. 我的老板让我打两封信
They forbade her to leave the country. 他们禁止她出境
动词+介词+宾语+不定式宾语
He shouted to me to come over 他喊我过去
The teacher called on me to answer this question 老师叫我回答这个问题
某些动词可以有如下的形式
动词+宾语+to be
I consider him to be the best candidate 我认为他是最佳候选人
I know him to be a liar 我知道他是个爱说谎的人
被动结构的复合宾语
She was told to wait at the door. 他们让她在门口等着
He is known to be honest. 大家都知道他是诚实的
某些动词可以使用不带to的不定式构成复合宾语，但是这些动词使用被动结构时，不定式就要加to
I heard her lock the door 我听见她锁门了
She was heard to lock the door
He made me move the car 他让我把车移动一下
I was made to move the car
- 做定语
修饰名词，结构就是名词+不定式
例如：
We have a lot of things to do today. 今天我们有很多事情要做
Do you have any suggestions to offer? 你有什么建议要提？
He was the first guest to arrive. 他是第一个到达的客人
I want someone to talk to. 我想找个人交谈
It's time to go to bed. 该睡觉了
There is no reason to doubt his word. 没有理由怀疑他说的话
被动形式的不定式作定语
There are a lot of things to be done. 有很多事情要做
He was the second man to be killed this way 他是第二个这样被杀的人
- 做状语
不定式做状语
首先要判断是不是状语，能够成为状语的是要符合一些条件的，例如是 be+形容词+不定式 这种结构的，不定式就是句子里的状语成分， 或者在语义上表示了动作的目的、原因、结果等意思也是状语成分
be+形容词+不定式
I am afried to tell her 我很害怕告诉她
I'm not ready to go back to work yet 我还不准备回去上班
He was brave to act like that. 他这样做很勇敢
在句子中，表示目的、原因、结果这些意思的时候，就看做是状语成分
A friend of mine came to see me last night. 昨晚有个朋友来看我
We slept together to keep warm. 我们睡一起可以保持暖和
We jumped with joy to hear it. 听到这个消息我们都高兴的跳了起来
She lived to be 100. 她活到了一百岁
He was so careless as to leave his car unlocked. 他如此粗心大意，车门都没有锁就走了
Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby. 悄悄进去，别把宝宝吵醒
句子状语
这种结构很好辨认，句型很特殊，都是不定式和主句之间用逗号分开的
To be honest ,I just don't like him. 说实话，我就是不喜欢他
To tell you the truth, I've never met him. 说真的，我从来没有见过他
He's a nice persion, to be sure. 毫无疑问，他是个好人
- 做表语
主语+系动词+表语
Her ambition was to be a film star 她的志向是当电影明星
The thing now is to get ahead. 当务之急是要取得进展
All you have to do is to linten. 你只要听着就行了
不定式的几类形式：
完成形式 ：
构成谓语 I happend to have been there once 我碰巧到过那里一次
做主语 What a mistake it is to have come here 来这里是个多大的错误啊
做宾语 I remember to have told you about it 我记着告诉过你这件事
做状语 I am sorry to have given you so much trouble 对不起给你添了这么多的麻烦
做复合宾语被动结构 He was known to have worked for the International Olympic Committee. 大家知道他曾为国际奥委会工作过
(疑问：不定式的完成形式做复合宾语的时候，是否只能用在被动结构的句子里，如果这样用： They knew him to have worked for the International Olympic Committee. 是否正确？)
进行形式 ：
构成谓语 He seemed to be dreaming. 他似乎在做梦
做主语 It's strange to be sleeping in this house again. 真奇怪又要在这屋子里睡觉了
做宾语 I hate to be quarrelling with her. 我不愿意和她吵架
做状语 She was happy to be earning her own living. 她很高兴能自食其力
做复合宾语被动结构 He is thought to be hiding in the woods 人们认为他躲藏在林子里
完成进行式
构成谓语 He appears to have been waiting a long time. 他似乎已经等了好长时间
做宾语 He pretended to have been studying. 他假装一直在学习
复合宾语被动结构 She is said to have been doing this work for twenty years. 据说她干这工作已经二十年了
被动形式
构成谓语 She ought to be praised for her heroic deeds. 她的英勇行为应受到表扬
做主语 It's an honour to be awarded a scholarship 被颁给奖学金是一种荣耀
做宾语 They wanted to be better treated 他们希望受到更好的对待
做定语 These are the major problems to be discussed at the meeting. 这些是会上要讨论的主要问题
做状语 She went to the hospital to be inoculated. 她到医院去打预防针
不定式的逻辑主语
