About Philosophy
Table of Contents
1 Philosophy ................................................... 2
1.1 Overall ................................................... 2
2 System Of Knowledge ................................. 4
2.1 Overall ................................................... 4
3 Language ..................................................... 5
3.1 SysML .................................................... 5
3.2 UML ...................................................... 5
3.3 Basis Of Language .................................. 5
3.4 CML(ultramate modeling language) ........ 6
3.4.1 Overall ............................................. 6
3.4.2 AbstractSyntax ................................. 6
3.4.3 ConcreteSyntax ................................ 8
3.4.3.1 Attributes ................................... 8
3.4.4 Useage ............................................. 8
3.4.4.1 Basic Paradigm Of Usage Of CML .................................................................. 8
3.4.4.2 Mapping to Natural Language .... 9
3.4.4.2.1 To Chinese ........................... 9
3.4.4.2.2 To English ........................... 9
3.4.4.2.3 To France ............................ 9
3.4.4.2.4 To Gemany .......................... 9
3.4.4.2.5 To Italy ................................ 9
3.4.4.2.6 To Japanese ......................... 9
3.4.4.2.7 To Spanish ........................... 9
1 Philosophy
1.1 Overall
Philosophy
- Ontology:
In metaphysics, ontology is the philosophical study of being, as well as related concepts such as existence, becoming, and reality.
Ontology addresses questions of how entities are grouped into categories and which of these entities exist on the most fundamental level. Ontologists often try to determine what the categories or highest kinds are and how they form a system of categories that encompasses classification of all entities. Commonly proposed categories include substances, properties, relations, states of affairs and events. These categories are characterized by fundamental ontological concepts, including particularity and universality, abstractness and concreteness, or possibility and necessity. Of special interest is the concept of ontological dependence, which determines whether the entities of a category exist on the most fundamental level. Disagreements within ontology are often about whether entities belonging to a certain category exist and, if so, how they are related to other entities.
Monocategorical ontologies hold that there is only one basic category, but polycategorical ontologies rejected this view. Hierarchical ontologies assert that some entities exist on a more fundamental level and that other entities depend on them. Flat ontologies, on the other hand, deny such a privileged status to any entity.
References:《https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontology》
- Existence:
The things exsiting independant from human beings.
- Epistemological Subjective:
Subjectivist epistemology relates to the idea that reality can be expressed in a range of symbol and language systems, and is stretched and shaped to fit the purposes of individuals such that people impose meaning on the world and interpret it in a way that makes sense to them.
- Epistemological Objective:
"Objectivism holds that the basis of all knowledge is perception, the evidence of the senses. We perceive reality through vision, hearing, touch, taste, and smell. In this respect, Objectivism is an empiricist philosophy, in agreement with Aristotle and many other philosophers, as opposed to the rationalism of thinkers like Rene Descartes, who hold that perception is unreliable and that knowledge is based on abstract truths like the axioms of geometry."
Referrence:《https://www.atlassociety.org/objectivist-epistemology》
- Ontological Subjective:
https://www.jstor.org/stable/43854112
- Epistemology :
Epistemology is the branch of philosophy concerned with knowledge. Epistemology is considered a major subfield of philosophy, along with other major subfields such as ethics, logic, and metaphysics.
Epistemologists study the nature, origin, and scope of knowledge, epistemic justification, the rationality of belief, and various related issues. Debates in epistemology are generally clustered around four core areas:
1. The philosophical analysis of the nature of knowledge and the conditions required for a belief to constitute knowledge, such as truth and justification.
2. Potential sources of knowledge and justified belief, such as perception, reason, memory, and testimony.
3. The structure of a body of knowledge or justified belief, including whether all justified beliefs must be derived from justified foundational beliefs or whether justification requires only a coherent set of beliefs.
4. Philosophical skepticism, which questions the possibility of knowledge, and related problems, such as whether skepticism poses a threat to our ordinary knowledge claims and whether it is possible to refute skeptical arguments.
In these debates and others, epistemology aims to answer questions such as "What do we know?", "What does it mean to say that we know something?", "What makes justified beliefs justified?", and "How do we know that we know?".
References:
《https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistemology》
《https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/epistemology/》
《Objectivism and Subjectivism in Episemology》
- Philosophy:
Philosophy is the systematized study of general and fundamental questions, such as those about existence, reason, knowledge, values, mind, and language. Such questions are often posed as problems to be studied or resolved. Some sources claim the term was coined by Pythagoras (c. 570 – c. 495 BCE); others dispute this story, arguing that Pythagoreans merely claimed use of a preexisting term. Philosophical methods include questioning, critical discussion, rational argument, and systematic presentation.
Historically, philosophy encompassed all bodies of knowledge and a practitioner was known as a philosopher. From the time of Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle to the 19th century, "natural philosophy" encompassed astronomy, medicine, and physics. For example, Newton's 1687 Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy later became classified as a book of physics. In the 19th century, the growth of modern research universities led academic philosophy and other disciplines to professionalize and specialize. Since then, various areas of investigation that were traditionally part of philosophy have become separate academic disciplines, and namely the social sciences such as psychology, sociology, linguistics, and economics.
Today, major subfields of academic philosophy include metaphysics, which is concerned with the fundamental nature of existence and reality; epistemology, which studies the nature of knowledge and belief; ethics, which is concerned with moral value; and logic, which studies the rules of inference that allow one to derive conclusions from true premises. Other notable subfields include philosophy of religion, philosophy of science, political philosophy, aesthetics, philosophy of language, and philosophy of mind.
Referrence:《https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy》
2 System Of Knowledge
2.1 Overall
System Of Knowledge
3 Language
3.1 SysML
3.2 UML
3.3 Basis Of Language
Language
LanguageHieracyAndToxinamy
- import:
Most of time, Graphical Language imports natural language to implement itself.
- import:
Most of time, Math imports natural language to implement itself.
3.4 CML(ultramate modeling language)
3.4.1 Overall
CML
3.4.2 AbstractSyntax
AbstractSyntax
- Generalization:
OMG UML Specification:
The OMG Unified Modeling Language specification, (v2.5.1, p.138) states:
A Generalization is a taxonomic relationship between a more general Classifier and a more specific Classifier. Each instance of the specific Classifier is also an instance of the general Classifier. The specific Classifier inherits the features of the more general Classifier. A Generalization is owned by the specific Classifier.
- Association:
An Association implies that two model elements have a relationship.
'Association' is the general relationship type between two elements; to connect more than two elements in an Association, you can use the N-Ary Association element.
- Dependency:
Dependency relationships are used to model a wide range of dependent relationships between model elements.
The Dependencies Package as defined in UML 2.1 has many derivatives, such as Realize, Deployment and Use. Once you create a Dependency you can further refine its meaning by applying a specialized stereotype.
OMG UML Specification:
The OMG Unified Modeling Language specification, (v2.5.1, p.42) states:
A Dependency is a Relationship that signifies that a single model Element or a set of model Elements requires other model Elements for their specification or implementation. This means that the complete semantics of the client Element(s) are either semantically or structurally dependent on the definition of the supplier Element(s).
Parent Classes:
Association
Dependency
Generalization
3.4.3 ConcreteSyntax
3.4.3.1 Attributes
Attributes
3.4.4 Useage
3.4.4.1 Basic Paradigm Of Usage Of CML
Basic Paradigm Of Usage Of CML
3.4.4.2 Mapping to Natural Language
3.4.4.2.1 To Chinese
3.4.4.2.2 To English
To English
3.4.4.2.3 To France
3.4.4.2.4 To Gemany
3.4.4.2.5 To Italy
3.4.4.2.6 To Japanese
3.4.4.2.7 To Spanish
