http://groovy.codehaus.org/
- "def" is a replacement for a type name. In variable definitions it is used to indicate that you don't care about the type. In variable definitions it is mandatory to either provide a type name explicitly or to use "def" in replacement. This is needed to the make variable definitions detectable for the Groovy parser.
-
1
def
name=
'World'
;
println
"Hello $name!"
- 面向对象
1234567
class
Greet{
def
name
Greet(who){name=who[
0
].toUpperCase()+who[
1
..-
1
]}
def
salute(){
println
"hello $name!"
}
}
g =
new
Greet(
'world'
)
g.salute()
- 引入其他类库
1234567891011
import
static
org.apache.commons.lang3.text.WordUtils.*
class
Greeter {
def
name
Greeter(who) { name = capitalize(who) }
def
salute(){
println
"Hello $name!"
}
}
new
Greeter(
'world'
).salute()
-
The recommended way for making Groovy be aware of your additional jar files is to place them in a predefined location. Your Groovy install should include a file called
groovy-starter.conf
. Within that file, make sure a line such asload ${user.home}/.groovy/lib/*
- groovyConsole: Ctrl+R 执行当前代码
12345
groovy>
println
"Hello World !"
Hello World !
groovy>
123
+
45
*
89
Result:
4128
-
Variables:
1234567891011121314x =
1
println
x
x =
new
java.util.Date()
println
x
x = -
3.1499392
println
x
x = false
println
x
x =
"Hi"
println
x
-
Lists and Maps:
12345678910myList = [
1776
, -
1
,
33
,
99
,
0
,
928734928763
]
println
myList[
0
]
scores = [
"Brett"
:
100
,
"Pete"
:
"Did not finish"
,
"Andrew"
:
86.87934
]
println
scores[
"Pete"
]
println
scores.Pete
scores[
"Pete"
] =
3
emptyMap = [:]
emptyList = []
-
Conditional Execution
1234567amPM = Calendar.getInstance().
get
(Calendar.AM_PM)
if
(amPM == Calendar.AM)
{
println
(
"Good morning"
)
}
else
{
println
(
"Good evening"
)
}
-
Boolean Expressions:
123456* ==
* !=
* >
* >=
* <
* <=
-
Debugging and Troubleshooting Tips:
- Print out the class of a variable that you're interested in with myVar.getClass(). Then look up the documentation for that class.
- If you're having trouble with a complex expression, pare it down to a simpler expression and evaluate that. Then build up to your more complex expression.
- Try restarting the groovyConsole (this will clear out all the variables so you can start over.
- Look for the topic you're interested in in the Groovy User Guide
-
Strings
- Strings are not Lists. In the JVM java.lang.String does not implement java.util.List.
- Arrays are not Lists. In the JVM arrays and java.util.List are quite different. In Groovy we support both as different types to ensure we interoperate cleanly with Java code, though we try wherever possible to make them interchangable and appear polymorphic.
Maps
- Maps override the dot operator, so
myMap.size
will return null unless you have a value formap[size]
. Usemap.size()
instead. - In map literals, all keys are interpreted as strings by default! If you want to use a variable or other literal as a key, use parentheses like so:
myMap = [(var1):val, (var2):val]
- See the Maps user guide
- http://groovy.codehaus.org/gapi/
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