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<title>Cookie Session和自定义分页 - 元少~ - 博客园</title>
<meta property="og:description" content="cookie Cookie的由来 大家都知道HTTP协议是无状态的。 无状态的意思是每次请求都是独立的，它的执行情况和结果与前面的请求和之后的请求都无直接关系，它不会受前面的请求响应情况直接影响，也不">
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src="data:image/png;base64,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" 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<h1 class="postTitle">
<a id="cb_post_title_url" class="postTitle2" href="https://www.cnblogs.com/Dominic-Ji/p/10718365.html">Cookie Session和自定义分页</a>
</h1>
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<div id="cnblogs_post_body" class="blogpost-body"><div id="cnblogs_post_body" class="blogpost-body">
<h2 id="autoid-0-0-0">cookie<strong><br></strong></h2>
<h3 id="autoid-0-0-0">Cookie的由来</h3>
<p>大家都知道HTTP协议是无状态的。</p>
<p>无状态的意思是每次请求都是独立的，它的执行情况和结果与前面的请求和之后的请求都无直接关系，它不会受前面的请求响应情况直接影响，也不会直接影响后面的请求响应情况。</p>
<p>一句有意思的话来描述就是人生只如初见，对服务器来说，每次的请求都是全新的。</p>
<p>状态可以理解为客户端和服务器在某次会话中产生的数据，那无状态的就以为这些数据不会被保留。会话中产生的数据又是我们需要保存的，也就是说要“保持状态”。因此Cookie就是在这样一个场景下诞生。</p>
<h3 id="autoid-1-0-0">什么是Cookie</h3>
<p>Cookie具体指的是一段小信息，它是服务器发送出来存储在浏览器上的一组组键值对，下次访问服务器时浏览器会自动携带这些键值对，以便服务器提取有用信息。</p>
<h3 id="autoid-2-0-0">Cookie的原理</h3>
<p>cookie的工作原理是：由服务器产生内容，浏览器收到请求后保存在本地；当浏览器再次访问时，浏览器会自动带上Cookie，这样服务器就能通过Cookie的内容来判断这个是“谁”了。</p>
<h3 id="autoid-3-0-0"><strong>查看</strong><strong>Cookie</strong></h3>
<p>我们使用Chrome浏览器，打开开发者工具。</p>
<p><img src="https://images2018.cnblogs.com/blog/867021/201804/867021-20180403225926558-498750585.png" alt=""></p>
<h2 id="autoid-4-0-0">Django中操作Cookie</h2>
<h3 id="autoid-4-0-0">获取Cookie</h3>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>request.COOKIES[<span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">key</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #000000;">]
request.get_signed_cookie(key, default</span>=RAISE_ERROR, salt=<span style="color: #800000;">''</span>, max_age=None)</pre>
</div>
<p>参数：</p>
<ul>
<li>default: 默认值</li>
<li>salt: 加密盐</li>
<li>max_age: 后台控制过期时间</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="autoid-5-0-0">设置Cookie</h3>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>rep =<span style="color: #000000;"> HttpResponse(...)
rep ＝ render(request, ...)
rep.set_cookie(key,value,...)
rep.set_signed_cookie(key,value,salt</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">加密盐</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>, max_age=None, ...)</pre>
</div>
<p>参数：</p>
<ul>
<li>key, 键</li>
<li>value='', 值</li>
<li>max_age=None, 超时时间</li>
<li>expires=None, 超时时间(IE requires expires, so set it if hasn't been already.)</li>
<li>path='/', Cookie生效的路径，/ 表示根路径，特殊的：根路径的cookie可以被任何url的页面访问</li>
<li>domain=None, Cookie生效的域名</li>
<li>secure=False, https传输</li>
<li>httponly=False 只能http协议传输，无法被JavaScript获取（不是绝对，底层抓包可以获取到也可以被覆盖）</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="autoid-6-0-0">删除Cookie</h3>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre><span style="color: #0000ff;">def</span><span style="color: #000000;"> logout(request):
rep </span>= redirect(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">/login/</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
rep.delete_cookie(</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">user</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>) <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 删除用户浏览器上之前设置的usercookie值</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> rep</pre>
</div>
<p>Cookie版登陆校验</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code" onclick="cnblogs_code_show('59f6767f-027b-4388-ab55-7f4b0cf6a37b')"><img id="code_img_closed_59f6767f-027b-4388-ab55-7f4b0cf6a37b" class="code_img_closed" src="https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif" alt=""><img id="code_img_opened_59f6767f-027b-4388-ab55-7f4b0cf6a37b" class="code_img_opened" style="display: none;" onclick="cnblogs_code_hide('59f6767f-027b-4388-ab55-7f4b0cf6a37b',event)" src="https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif" alt="">
<div id="cnblogs_code_open_59f6767f-027b-4388-ab55-7f4b0cf6a37b" class="cnblogs_code_hide">
<pre><span style="color: #000000;">def check_login(func):
@wraps(func)
def inner(request, </span>*args, **<span style="color: #000000;">kwargs):
next_url </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> request.get_full_path()
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> request.get_signed_cookie(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">login</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>, salt=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">SSS</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>, default=None) == <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">yes</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">:
# 已经登录的用户...
return func(request, </span>*args, **<span style="color: #000000;">kwargs)
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">else</span><span style="color: #000000;">:
# 没有登录的用户，跳转刚到登录页面
return redirect(</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">/login/?next={}</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">.format(next_url))
return inner
def </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">login</span><span style="color: #000000;">(request):
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> request.method == <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">POST</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">:
username </span>= request.POST.get(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">username</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">passwd</span> = request.POST.get(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">password</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> username == <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">xxx</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span> and <span style="color: #0000ff;">passwd</span> == <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">dashabi</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">:
next_url </span>= request.GET.get(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">next</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> next_url and next_url != <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">/logout/</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">:
response </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> redirect(next_url)
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">else</span><span style="color: #000000;">:
response </span>= redirect(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">/class_list/</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
response.set_signed_cookie(</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">login</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">yes</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>, salt=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">SSS</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
return response
return render(request, </span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">login.html</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>)</pre>
</div>
<span class="cnblogs_code_collapse">cookie版登录</span></div>
<h2 id="autoid-7-0-0">Session</h2>
<h3 id="autoid-7-0-0"><strong>Session</strong><strong>的由来</strong></h3>
<p>Cookie虽然在一定程度上解决了“保持状态”的需求，但是由于Cookie本身最大支持4096字节，以及Cookie本身保存在客户端，可能被拦截或窃取，因此就需要有一种新的东西，它能支持更多的字节，并且他保存在服务器，有较高的安全性。这就是Session。</p>
<p>问题来了，基于HTTP协议的无状态特征，服务器根本就不知道访问者是“谁”。那么上述的Cookie就起到桥接的作用。</p>
<p>我们可以给每个客户端的Cookie分配一个唯一的id，这样用户在访问时，通过Cookie，服务器就知道来的人是“谁”。然后我们再根据不同的Cookie的id，在服务器上保存一段时间的私密资料，如“账号密码”等等。</p>
<p>总结而言：Cookie弥补了HTTP无状态的不足，让服务器知道来的人是“谁”；但是Cookie以文本的形式保存在本地，自身安全性较差；所以我们就通过Cookie识别不同的用户，对应的在Session里保存私密的信息以及超过4096字节的文本。</p>
<p>另外，上述所说的Cookie和Session其实是共通性的东西，不限于语言和框架。</p>
<h2 id="autoid-8-0-0">Django中Session相关方法</h2>
<div class="cnblogs_code"><div class="cnblogs_code_toolbar"><span class="cnblogs_code_copy"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="copyCnblogsCode(this)" title="复制代码"><img src="//common.cnblogs.com/images/copycode.gif" alt="复制代码"></a></span></div>
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<pre><span style="color: #000000;"># 获取、设置、删除Session中数据
request.session[</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">k1</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #000000;">]
request.session.get(</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">k1</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #000000;">,None)
request.session[</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">k1</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>] = <span style="color: #800080;">123</span><span style="color: #000000;">
request.session.setdefault(</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">k1</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>,<span style="color: #800080;">123</span><span style="color: #000000;">) # 存在则不设置
del request.session[</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">k1</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #000000;">]
# 所有 键、值、键值对
request.session.keys()
request.session.values()
request.session.items()
request.session.iterkeys()
request.session.itervalues()
request.session.iteritems()
# 会话session的key
request.session.session_key
# 将所有Session失效日期小于当前日期的数据删除
request.session.clear_expired()
# 检查会话session的key在数据库中是否存在
request.session.exists(</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">session_key</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
# 删除当前会话的所有Session数据
request.session.delete()
# 删除当前的会话数据并删除会话的Cookie。
request.session.flush()
这用于确保前面的会话数据不可以再次被用户的浏览器访问
例如，django.contrib.auth.logout() 函数中就会调用它。
# 设置会话Session和Cookie的超时时间
request.session.set_expiry(value)
</span>*<span style="color: #000000;"> 如果value是个整数，session会在些秒数后失效。
</span>*<span style="color: #000000;"> 如果value是个datatime或timedelta，session就会在这个时间后失效。
</span>*<span style="color: #000000;"> 如果value是0,用户关闭浏览器session就会失效。
</span>* 如果value是None,session会依赖全局session失效策略。</pre>
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<h3 id="autoid-8-0-0">Session流程解析</h3>
<p><img src="https://images2018.cnblogs.com/blog/867021/201805/867021-20180514143525989-365124875.png" alt=""></p>
<h3 id="autoid-9-0-0">Session版登陆验证</h3>
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<pre><span style="color: #0000ff;">from</span> functools <span style="color: #0000ff;">import</span><span style="color: #000000;"> wraps
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">def</span><span style="color: #000000;"> check_login(func):
@wraps(func)
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">def</span> inner(request, *args, **<span style="color: #000000;">kwargs):
next_url </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> request.get_full_path()
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> request.session.get(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">user</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">):
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> func(request, *args, **<span style="color: #000000;">kwargs)
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">else</span><span style="color: #000000;">:
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> redirect(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">/login/?next={}</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">.format(next_url))
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span><span style="color: #000000;"> inner
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">def</span><span style="color: #000000;"> login(request):
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> request.method == <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">POST</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">:
user </span>= request.POST.get(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">user</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
pwd </span>= request.POST.get(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">pwd</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> user == <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">alex</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">and</span> pwd == <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">alex1234</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">:
</span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 设置session</span>
request.session[<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">user</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>] =<span style="color: #000000;"> user
</span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 获取跳到登陆页面之前的URL</span>
next_url = request.GET.get(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">next</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
</span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 如果有，就跳转回登陆之前的URL</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span><span style="color: #000000;"> next_url:
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span><span style="color: #000000;"> redirect(next_url)
</span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 否则默认跳转到index页面</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">else</span><span style="color: #000000;">:
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> redirect(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">/index/</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> render(request, <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">login.html</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
@check_login
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">def</span><span style="color: #000000;"> logout(request):
</span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 删除所有当前请求相关的session</span>
<span style="color: #000000;"> request.session.delete()
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> redirect(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">/login/</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
@check_login
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">def</span><span style="color: #000000;"> index(request):
current_user </span>= request.session.get(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">user</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">, None)
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> render(request, <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">index.html</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>, {<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">user</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>: current_user})</pre>
</div>
<span class="cnblogs_code_collapse">Session版登录验证</span></div>
<h3 id="autoid-10-0-0">Django中的Session配置</h3>
<p>Django中默认支持Session，其内部提供了5种类型的Session供开发者使用。</p>
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<pre><span style="color: #800080;">1</span><span style="color: #000000;">. 数据库Session
SESSION_ENGINE </span>= <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">django.contrib.sessions.backends.db</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #000000;"> # 引擎（默认）
</span><span style="color: #800080;">2</span><span style="color: #000000;">. 缓存Session
SESSION_ENGINE </span>= <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">django.contrib.sessions.backends.cache</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #000000;"> # 引擎
SESSION_CACHE_ALIAS </span>= <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">default</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #000000;"> # 使用的缓存别名（默认内存缓存，也可以是memcache），此处别名依赖缓存的设置
</span><span style="color: #800080;">3</span><span style="color: #000000;">. 文件Session
SESSION_ENGINE </span>= <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">django.contrib.sessions.backends.file</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #000000;"> # 引擎
SESSION_FILE_PATH </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> None # 缓存文件路径，如果为None，则使用tempfile模块获取一个临时地址tempfile.gettempdir()
</span><span style="color: #800080;">4</span>. 缓存+<span style="color: #000000;">数据库
SESSION_ENGINE </span>= <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">django.contrib.sessions.backends.cached_db</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #000000;"> # 引擎
</span><span style="color: #800080;">5</span><span style="color: #000000;">. 加密Cookie Session
SESSION_ENGINE </span>= <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">django.contrib.sessions.backends.signed_cookies</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #000000;"> # 引擎
其他公用设置项：
SESSION_COOKIE_NAME ＝ </span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">sessionid</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;"> # Session的cookie保存在浏览器上时的key，即：sessionid＝随机字符串（默认）
SESSION_COOKIE_PATH ＝ </span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">/</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;"> # Session的cookie保存的路径（默认）
SESSION_COOKIE_DOMAIN </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> None # Session的cookie保存的域名（默认）
SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> False # 是否Https传输cookie（默认）
SESSION_COOKIE_HTTPONLY </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> True # 是否Session的cookie只支持http传输（默认）
SESSION_COOKIE_AGE </span>= <span style="color: #800080;">1209600</span><span style="color: #000000;"> # Session的cookie失效日期（2周）（默认）
SESSION_EXPIRE_AT_BROWSER_CLOSE </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> False # 是否关闭浏览器使得Session过期（默认）
SESSION_SAVE_EVERY_REQUEST </span>= False # 是否每次请求都保存Session，默认修改之后才保存（默认）</pre>
</div>
<span class="cnblogs_code_collapse">Django中Session相关设置</span></div>
<h3 id="autoid-11-0-0">CBV中加装饰器相关</h3>
<p>CBV实现的登录视图</p>
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<pre><span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span><span style="color: #000000;"> LoginView(View):
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">def</span><span style="color: #000000;"> get(self, request):
</span><span style="color: #800000;">"""</span><span style="color: #800000;">
处理GET请求
</span><span style="color: #800000;">"""</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> render(request, <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">login.html</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">def</span><span style="color: #000000;"> post(self, request):
</span><span style="color: #800000;">"""</span><span style="color: #800000;">
处理POST请求
</span><span style="color: #800000;">"""</span><span style="color: #000000;">
user </span>= request.POST.get(<span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">user</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
pwd </span>= request.POST.get(<span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">pwd</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> user == <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">alex</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">and</span> pwd == <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">alex1234</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">:
next_url </span>= request.GET.get(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">next</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
</span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 生成随机字符串</span>
<span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 写浏览器cookie -> session_id: 随机字符串</span>
<span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 写到服务端session：</span>
<span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> {</span>
<span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> "随机字符串": {'user':'alex'}</span>
<span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> }</span>
request.session[<span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">user</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>] =<span style="color: #000000;"> user
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span><span style="color: #000000;"> next_url:
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span><span style="color: #000000;"> redirect(next_url)
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">else</span><span style="color: #000000;">:
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> redirect(<span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">/index/</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> render(request, <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">login.html</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>)</pre>
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<p>要在CBV视图中使用我们上面的check_login装饰器，有以下三种方式：</p>
<p>from django.utils.decorators import method_decorator</p>
<p><strong>1. 加在CBV视图的get或post方法上</strong></p>
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<pre><span style="color: #0000ff;">from</span> django.utils.decorators <span style="color: #0000ff;">import</span><span style="color: #000000;"> method_decorator
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span><span style="color: #000000;"> HomeView(View):
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">def</span> dispatch(self, request, *args, **<span style="color: #000000;">kwargs):
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> super(HomeView, self).dispatch(request, *args, **<span style="color: #000000;">kwargs)
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">def</span><span style="color: #000000;"> get(self, request):
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> render(request, <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">home.html</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
@method_decorator(check_login)
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">def</span><span style="color: #000000;"> post(self, request):
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">print</span>(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">Home View POST method...</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> redirect(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">/index/</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>)</pre>
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<p><strong>2. 加在dispatch方法上</strong></p>
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<pre><span style="color: #0000ff;">from</span> django.utils.decorators <span style="color: #0000ff;">import</span><span style="color: #000000;"> method_decorator
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span><span style="color: #000000;"> HomeView(View):
@method_decorator(check_login)
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">def</span> dispatch(self, request, *args, **<span style="color: #000000;">kwargs):
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> super(HomeView, self).dispatch(request, *args, **<span style="color: #000000;">kwargs)
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">def</span><span style="color: #000000;"> get(self, request):
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> render(request, <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">home.html</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">def</span><span style="color: #000000;"> post(self, request):
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">print</span>(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">Home View POST method...</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> redirect(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">/index/</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>)</pre>
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<p>因为CBV中首先执行的就是dispatch方法，所以这么写相当于给get和post方法都加上了登录校验。</p>
<p><strong>3. 直接加在视图类上，但method_decorator必须传 name 关键字参数</strong></p>
<p>如果get方法和post方法都需要登录校验的话就写两个装饰器。</p>
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<pre><span style="color: #0000ff;">from</span> django.utils.decorators <span style="color: #0000ff;">import</span><span style="color: #000000;"> method_decorator
@method_decorator(check_login, name</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">get</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
@method_decorator(check_login, name</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">post</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span><span style="color: #000000;"> HomeView(View):
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">def</span> dispatch(self, request, *args, **<span style="color: #000000;">kwargs):
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> super(HomeView, self).dispatch(request, *args, **<span style="color: #000000;">kwargs)
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">def</span><span style="color: #000000;"> get(self, request):
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> render(request, <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">home.html</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">def</span><span style="color: #000000;"> post(self, request):
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">print</span>(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">Home View POST method...</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> redirect(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">/index/</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>)</pre>
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<h3 id="autoid-12-0-0">补充</h3>
<p>CSRF Token相关装饰器在CBV只能加到dispatch方法上，或者加在视图类上然后name参数指定为dispatch方法。</p>
<p>备注：</p>
<ul>
<li>csrf_protect，为当前函数强制设置防跨站请求伪造功能，即便settings中没有设置全局中间件。</li>
<li>csrf_exempt，取消当前函数防跨站请求伪造功能，即便settings中设置了全局中间件。</li>
</ul>
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<pre><span style="color: #0000ff;">from</span> django.views.decorators.csrf <span style="color: #0000ff;">import</span><span style="color: #000000;"> csrf_exempt, csrf_protect
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">from</span> django.utils.decorators <span style="color: #0000ff;">import</span><span style="color: #000000;"> method_decorator
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span><span style="color: #000000;"> HomeView(View):
@method_decorator(csrf_exempt)
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">def</span> dispatch(self, request, *args, **<span style="color: #000000;">kwargs):
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> super(HomeView, self).dispatch(request, *args, **<span style="color: #000000;">kwargs)
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">def</span><span style="color: #000000;"> get(self, request):
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> render(request, <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">home.html</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">def</span><span style="color: #000000;"> post(self, request):
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">print</span>(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">Home View POST method...</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> redirect(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">/index/</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>)</pre>
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<p>或者</p>
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<pre><span style="color: #0000ff;">from</span> django.views.decorators.csrf <span style="color: #0000ff;">import</span><span style="color: #000000;"> csrf_exempt, csrf_protect
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">from</span> django.utils.decorators <span style="color: #0000ff;">import</span><span style="color: #000000;"> method_decorator
@method_decorator(csrf_exempt, name</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">dispatch</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span><span style="color: #000000;"> HomeView(View):
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">def</span> dispatch(self, request, *args, **<span style="color: #000000;">kwargs):
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> super(HomeView, self).dispatch(request, *args, **<span style="color: #000000;">kwargs)
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">def</span><span style="color: #000000;"> get(self, request):
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> render(request, <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">home.html</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">def</span><span style="color: #000000;"> post(self, request):
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">print</span>(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">Home View POST method...</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> redirect(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">/index/</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>)</pre>
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<h2 id="autoid-13-0-0">分页</h2>
<p>当数据库中数据有很多，我们通常会在前端页面做分页展示。</p>
<p>分页的数据可以在前端页面实现，也可以在后端实现分页。</p>
<p>后端实现分页的原理就是每次只请求一页数据。</p>
<p>准备工作</p>
<p>我们使用脚本批量创建一些测试数据（将下面的代码保存到bulk_create.py文件中放到Django项目的根目录，直接执行即可。）：</p>
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<pre><span style="color: #0000ff;">import</span><span style="color: #000000;"> os
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> <span style="color: #800080;">__name__</span> == <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">__main__</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">:
os.environ.setdefault(</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">about_orm.settings</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">import</span><span style="color: #000000;"> django
django.setup()
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">from</span> app01 <span style="color: #0000ff;">import</span><span style="color: #000000;"> models
bulk_obj </span>= (models.Publisher(name=<span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">沙河第{}出版社</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>.format(i)) <span style="color: #0000ff;">for</span> i <span style="color: #0000ff;">in</span> range(300<span style="color: #000000;">))
models.Publisher.objects.bulk_create(bulk_obj)</span></pre>
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<h3 id="autoid-13-0-0">自定义分页</h3>
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<pre><span style="color: #0000ff;">def</span><span style="color: #000000;"> publisher_list(request):
</span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 从URL中取当前访问的页码数</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">try</span><span style="color: #000000;">:
current_page </span>= int(request.GET.get(<span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">page</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #000000;">))
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">except</span><span style="color: #000000;"> Exception as e:
</span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 取不到或者页码数不是数字都默认展示第1页</span>
current_page = 1
<span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 总数据量</span>
total_count =<span style="color: #000000;"> models.Publisher.objects.count()
</span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 定义每页显示多少条数据</span>
per_page = 10
<span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 计算出总页码数</span>
total_page, more =<span style="color: #000000;"> divmod(total_count, per_page)
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span><span style="color: #000000;"> more:
total_page </span>+= 1
<span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 定义页面上最多显示多少页码(为了左右对称，一般设为奇数)</span>
max_show = 11<span style="color: #000000;">
half_show </span>= max_show // 2
<span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 计算一下页面显示的页码范围</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> total_page <= max_show: <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 总页码数小于最大显示页码数</span>
page_start = 1<span style="color: #000000;">
page_end </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> total_page
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">elif</span> current_page + half_show >= total_page: <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 右边越界</span>
page_end =<span style="color: #000000;"> total_page
page_start </span>= total_page -<span style="color: #000000;"> max_show
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">elif</span> current_page - half_show <= 1: <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 左边越界</span>
page_start = 1<span style="color: #000000;">
page_end </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> max_show
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">else</span>: <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 正常页码区间</span>
page_start = current_page -<span style="color: #000000;"> half_show
page_end </span>= current_page +<span style="color: #000000;"> half_show
</span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 数据索引起始位置</span>
data_start = (current_page-1) *<span style="color: #000000;"> per_page
data_end </span>= current_page *<span style="color: #000000;"> per_page
publisher_list </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> models.Publisher.objects.all()[data_start:data_end]
</span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 生成页面上显示的页码</span>
page_html_list =<span style="color: #000000;"> []
page_html_list.append(</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;"><nav aria-label="Page navigation"><ul class="pagination"></span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
</span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 加首页</span>
first_li = <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;"><li><a href="/publisher_list/?page=1">首页</a></li></span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #000000;">
page_html_list.append(first_li)
</span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 加上一页</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> current_page == 1<span style="color: #000000;">:
prev_li </span>= <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;"><li><a href="#"><span aria-hidden="true">&laquo;</span></a></li></span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">else</span><span style="color: #000000;">:
prev_li </span>= <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;"><li><a href="/publisher_list/?page={}"><span aria-hidden="true">&laquo;</span></a></li></span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>.format(current_page - 1<span style="color: #000000;">)
page_html_list.append(prev_li)
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">for</span> i <span style="color: #0000ff;">in</span> range(page_start, page_end + 1<span style="color: #000000;">):
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> i ==<span style="color: #000000;"> current_page:
li_tag </span>= <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;"><li class="active"><a href="/publisher_list/?page={0}">{0}</a></li></span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #000000;">.format(i)
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">else</span><span style="color: #000000;">:
li_tag </span>= <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;"><li><a href="/publisher_list/?page={0}">{0}</a></li></span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #000000;">.format(i)
page_html_list.append(li_tag)
</span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 加下一页</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> current_page ==<span style="color: #000000;"> total_page:
next_li </span>= <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;"><li><a href="#"><span aria-hidden="true">&raquo;</span></a></li></span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">else</span><span style="color: #000000;">:
next_li </span>= <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;"><li><a href="/publisher_list/?page={}"><span aria-hidden="true">&raquo;</span></a></li></span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>.format(current_page + 1<span style="color: #000000;">)
page_html_list.append(next_li)
</span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 加尾页</span>
page_end_li = <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;"><li><a href="/publisher_list/?page={}">尾页</a></li></span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #000000;">.format(total_page)
page_html_list.append(page_end_li)
page_html_list.append(</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;"></ul></nav></span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
page_html </span>= <span style="color: #800000;">""</span><span style="color: #000000;">.join(page_html_list)
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> render(request, <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">publisher_list.html</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>, {<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">publisher_list</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>: publisher_list, <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">page_html</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>: page_html})</pre>
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<span class="cnblogs_code_collapse">稳扎稳打版</span></div>
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<pre><span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span><span style="color: #000000;"> Pagination(object):
</span><span style="color: #800000;">"""</span><span style="color: #800000;">自定义分页（Bootstrap版）</span><span style="color: #800000;">"""</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">def</span> <span style="color: #800080;">__init__</span>(self, current_page, total_count, base_url, per_page=10, max_show=11<span style="color: #000000;">):
</span><span style="color: #800000;">"""</span><span style="color: #800000;">
:param current_page: 当前请求的页码
:param total_count: 总数据量
:param base_url: 请求的URL
:param per_page: 每页显示的数据量，默认值为10
:param max_show: 页面上最多显示多少个页码，默认值为11
</span><span style="color: #800000;">"""</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">try</span><span style="color: #000000;">:
self.current_page </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> int(current_page)
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">except</span><span style="color: #000000;"> Exception as e:
</span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 取不到或者页码数不是数字都默认展示第1页</span>
self.current_page = 1
<span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 定义每页显示多少条数据</span>
self.per_page =<span style="color: #000000;"> per_page
</span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 计算出总页码数</span>
total_page, more =<span style="color: #000000;"> divmod(total_count, per_page)
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span><span style="color: #000000;"> more:
total_page </span>+= 1<span style="color: #000000;">
self.total_page </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> total_page
</span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 定义页面上最多显示多少页码(为了左右对称，一般设为奇数)</span>
self.max_show =<span style="color: #000000;"> max_show
self.half_show </span>= max_show // 2<span style="color: #000000;">
self.base_url </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> base_url
@property
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">def</span><span style="color: #000000;"> start(self):
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> (self.current_page-1) *<span style="color: #000000;"> self.per_page
@property
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">def</span><span style="color: #000000;"> end(self):
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> self.current_page *<span style="color: #000000;"> self.per_page
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">def</span><span style="color: #000000;"> page_html(self):
</span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 计算一下页面显示的页码范围</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> self.total_page <= self.max_show: <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 总页码数小于最大显示页码数</span>
page_start = 1<span style="color: #000000;">
page_end </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> self.total_page
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">elif</span> self.current_page + self.half_show >= self.total_page: <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 右边越界</span>
page_end =<span style="color: #000000;"> self.total_page
page_start </span>= self.total_page -<span style="color: #000000;"> self.max_show
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">elif</span> self.current_page - self.half_show <= 1: <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 左边越界</span>
page_start = 1<span style="color: #000000;">
page_end </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> self.max_show
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">else</span>: <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 正常页码区间</span>
page_start = self.current_page -<span style="color: #000000;"> self.half_show
page_end </span>= self.current_page +<span style="color: #000000;"> self.half_show
</span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 生成页面上显示的页码</span>
page_html_list =<span style="color: #000000;"> []
page_html_list.append(</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;"><nav aria-label="Page navigation"><ul class="pagination"></span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
</span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 加首页</span>
first_li = <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;"><li><a href="{}?page=1">首页</a></li></span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #000000;">.format(self.base_url)
page_html_list.append(first_li)
</span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 加上一页</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> self.current_page == 1<span style="color: #000000;">:
prev_li </span>= <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;"><li><a href="#"><span aria-hidden="true">&laquo;</span></a></li></span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">else</span><span style="color: #000000;">:
prev_li </span>= <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;"><li><a href="{}?page={}"><span aria-hidden="true">&laquo;</span></a></li></span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #000000;">.format(
self.base_url, self.current_page </span>- 1<span style="color: #000000;">)
page_html_list.append(prev_li)
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">for</span> i <span style="color: #0000ff;">in</span> range(page_start, page_end + 1<span style="color: #000000;">):
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> i ==<span style="color: #000000;"> self.current_page:
li_tag </span>= <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;"><li class="active"><a href="{0}?page={1}">{1}</a></li></span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #000000;">.format(self.base_url, i)
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">else</span><span style="color: #000000;">:
li_tag </span>= <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;"><li><a href="{0}?page={1}">{1}</a></li></span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #000000;">.format(self.base_url, i)
page_html_list.append(li_tag)
</span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 加下一页</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> self.current_page ==<span style="color: #000000;"> self.total_page:
next_li </span>= <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;"><li><a href="#"><span aria-hidden="true">&raquo;</span></a></li></span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">else</span><span style="color: #000000;">:
next_li </span>= <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;"><li><a href="{}?page={}"><span aria-hidden="true">&raquo;</span></a></li></span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #000000;">.format(
self.base_url, self.current_page </span>+ 1<span style="color: #000000;">)
page_html_list.append(next_li)
</span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 加尾页</span>
page_end_li = <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;"><li><a href="{}?page={}">尾页</a></li></span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #000000;">.format(self.base_url, self.total_page)
page_html_list.append(page_end_li)
page_html_list.append(</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;"></ul></nav></span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> <span style="color: #800000;">""</span>.join(page_html_list)</pre>
</div>
<span class="cnblogs_code_collapse">封装保存版</span></div>
<div class="cnblogs_code" onclick="cnblogs_code_show('161748a1-1661-454d-9e06-c62a529a006b')"><img id="code_img_closed_161748a1-1661-454d-9e06-c62a529a006b" class="code_img_closed" src="https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif" alt=""><img id="code_img_opened_161748a1-1661-454d-9e06-c62a529a006b" class="code_img_opened" style="display: none;" onclick="cnblogs_code_hide('161748a1-1661-454d-9e06-c62a529a006b',event)" src="https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif" alt="">
<div id="cnblogs_code_open_161748a1-1661-454d-9e06-c62a529a006b" class="cnblogs_code_hide">
<pre><span style="color: #0000ff;">def</span><span style="color: #000000;"> publisher_list(request):
</span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 从URL中取当前访问的页码数</span>
current_page = int(request.GET.get(<span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">page</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #000000;">))
</span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 比len(models.Publisher.objects.all())更高效</span>
total_count =<span style="color: #000000;"> models.Publisher.objects.count()
page_obj </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> Pagination(current_page, total_count, request.path_info)
data </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> models.Publisher.objects.all()[page_obj.start:page_obj.end]
page_html </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> page_obj.page_html()
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> render(request, <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">publisher_list.html</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>, {<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">publisher_list</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>: data, <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">page_html</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>: page_html})</pre>
</div>
<span class="cnblogs_code_collapse">封装保存版使用示例</span></div>
<h3 id="autoid-14-0-0">Django内置分页</h3>
<div class="cnblogs_code" onclick="cnblogs_code_show('f8df5a37-7cf7-48b5-b084-1da145caf757')"><img id="code_img_closed_f8df5a37-7cf7-48b5-b084-1da145caf757" class="code_img_closed" src="https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif" alt=""><img id="code_img_opened_f8df5a37-7cf7-48b5-b084-1da145caf757" class="code_img_opened" style="display: none;" onclick="cnblogs_code_hide('f8df5a37-7cf7-48b5-b084-1da145caf757',event)" src="https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif" alt="">
<div id="cnblogs_code_open_f8df5a37-7cf7-48b5-b084-1da145caf757" class="cnblogs_code_hide">
<pre><span style="color: #0000ff;">from</span> django.shortcuts <span style="color: #0000ff;">import</span><span style="color: #000000;"> render
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">from</span> django.core.paginator <span style="color: #0000ff;">import</span><span style="color: #000000;"> Paginator, EmptyPage, PageNotAnInteger
L </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> []
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">for</span> i <span style="color: #0000ff;">in</span> range(999<span style="color: #000000;">):
L.append(i)
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">def</span><span style="color: #000000;"> index(request):
current_page </span>= request.GET.get(<span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">p</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
paginator </span>= Paginator(L, 10<span style="color: #000000;">)
</span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> per_page: 每页显示条目数量</span>
<span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> count: 数据总个数</span>
<span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> num_pages:总页数</span>
<span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> page_range:总页数的索引范围，如: (1,10),(1,200)</span>
<span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> page: page对象</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">try</span><span style="color: #000000;">:
posts </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> paginator.page(current_page)
</span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> has_next 是否有下一页</span>
<span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> next_page_number 下一页页码</span>
<span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> has_previous 是否有上一页</span>
<span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> previous_page_number 上一页页码</span>
<span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> object_list 分页之后的数据列表</span>
<span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> number 当前页</span>
<span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> paginator paginator对象</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">except</span><span style="color: #000000;"> PageNotAnInteger:
posts </span>= paginator.page(1<span style="color: #000000;">)
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">except</span><span style="color: #000000;"> EmptyPage:
posts </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> paginator.page(paginator.num_pages)
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> render(request, <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">index.html</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>, {<span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">posts</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>: posts})</pre>
</div>
<span class="cnblogs_code_collapse">内置分页view部分</span></div>
<div class="cnblogs_code" onclick="cnblogs_code_show('5aa777b6-a417-4c00-8a02-aa6d3ca43b65')"><img id="code_img_closed_5aa777b6-a417-4c00-8a02-aa6d3ca43b65" class="code_img_closed" src="https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif" alt=""><img id="code_img_opened_5aa777b6-a417-4c00-8a02-aa6d3ca43b65" class="code_img_opened" style="display: none;" onclick="cnblogs_code_hide('5aa777b6-a417-4c00-8a02-aa6d3ca43b65',event)" src="https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif" alt="">
<div id="cnblogs_code_open_5aa777b6-a417-4c00-8a02-aa6d3ca43b65" class="cnblogs_code_hide">
<pre><span style="color: #0000ff;"><!</span><span style="color: #ff00ff;">DOCTYPE html</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">html</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">head </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">lang</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="en"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">meta </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">charset</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="UTF-8"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">title</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></</span><span style="color: #800000;">title</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">head</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">body</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">ul</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">
{% for item in posts %}
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>{{ item }}<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">li</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">
{% endfor %}
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">ul</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="pagination"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">span </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="step-links"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">
{% if posts.has_previous %}
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">a </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">href</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="?p={{ posts.previous_page_number }}"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>Previous<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">a</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">
{% endif %}
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">span </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="current"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">
Page {{ posts.number }} of {{ posts.paginator.num_pages }}.
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">span</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">
{% if posts.has_next %}
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"><</span><span style="color: #800000;">a </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">href</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="?p={{ posts.next_page_number }}"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>Next<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">a</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span><span style="color: #000000;">
{% endif %}
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">span</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">body</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;"></</span><span style="color: #800000;">html</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span></pre>
</div>
<span class="cnblogs_code_collapse">内置分页HTML部分</span></div>
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