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Table of Contents
2 Oracle Database Preinstallation Tasks
地址:
https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e47689/pre_install.htm#LADBI1085
翻译：

2 Oracle Database Preinstallation Tasks
2 Oracle 数据库预安装任务

This chapter describes the tasks that you must complete before you start Oracle Universal Installer (OUI).
本章介绍在启动 Oracle 通用安装程序 （OUI） 之前必须完成的任务。

This guide contains information required to install Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2). Ensure that you review information related to the platform on which you intend to install Oracle Database 11g.
本指南包含安装 Oracle 数据库 11g 第 2 版 （11.2） 所需的信息。确保查看与要在其上安装 Oracle 数据库 11g 的平台相关的信息。

　　Note:

　　　　To use Oracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM) or Oracle Restart, you must first install Oracle Grid Infrastructure before you install and create the database. Otherwise, you must manually register the database with Oracle Restart.

　　　　要使用 Oracle 自动存储管理 （Oracle ASM） 或 Oracle Restart，必须先安装 Oracle Grid Infrastructure，然后再安装和创建数据库。否则，必须手动将数据库注册到 Oracle 重新启动。

　　　　Additionally, see "Requirements for Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation" before you proceed with the database preinstallation tasks.

　　　　此外，在继续执行数据库预安装任务之前，请参阅"Oracle 网格基础结构安装的要求"。

It includes information about the following topics:

它包括有关以下主题的信息：

2.1 About Installing the Linux Operating System

This section describes how to install a supported Linux distribution. It contains the following topics:

本节介绍如何安装受支持的 Linux 发行版。它包含以下主题：

 

2.1.1 Completing a Minimal Linux Installation

To complete a minimal Linux installation, select one of the minimal installation options (either a custom installation where you select the Minimal option from Package Group Selection, or where you deselect all packages except for the Base pack).This installation lacks many RPMs required for database installation, so you must use an RPM package for your Oracle Linux release to install the required packages. The package you use depends on your Linux release, and your support status with Unbreakable Linux Network (ULN).

要完成最小 Linux 安装，请选择其中一个最小安装选项（自定义安装，其中从"软件包组选择"中选择"最小"选项，或者取消选择除基本软件包之外的所有软件包）。

此安装缺少数据库安装所需的许多 RPM，因此您必须使用 Oracle Linux 发行版的 RPM 包来安装所需的包。您使用的软件包取决于您的 Linux 版本，以及您对 Unbreakable Linux Network （ULN） 的支持状态。

　　　　Note:

　　　　The Oracle Preinstallation RPM installs the X11 client libraries, but it does not install the X Window System server packages. To use graphical user interfaces such as OUI, configuration assistants, and Oracle Enterprise Manager, set the display to a system with X Window System server packages.

　　　　注意：

　　　　Oracle 预安装 RPM 会安装 X11 客户端库，但不安装 X Window 系统服务器包。要使用图形用户界面（如 OUI、配置助手和 Oracle Enterprise Manager），请将显示设置为具有 X Window System 服务器包的系统。

 

Refer to the following URL for documentation regarding installation of a reduced set of packages:

 

　　　　Note:

If you are not a member of Unbreakable Linux Network or Red Hat Support network, and you are a My Oracle Support customer, then you can download instructions to configure a script that documents installation of a reduced set of packages:

　　　　注意：

如果您不是 Unbreakable Linux Network 或 Red Hat Support Network 的成员，并且您是 My Oracle Support（我的 Oracle 支持）客户，则可以下载说明来配置一个脚本，该脚本记录了一组精简软件包的安装：

You can also search for "Linux reduced set of packages" to locate the instructions.

您还可以搜索"Linux 精简包集"以查找说明。

 

SSH is required for an Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation. OpenSSH should be included in the Linux distribution minimal installation. To confirm that SSH packages are installed, enter the following command:

Oracle Grid Infrastructure 安装需要 SSH。OpenSSH应该包含在Linux发行版的最小安装中。要确认是否已安装 SSH 包，请输入以下命令：

# rpm -qa |grep ssh

If you do not see a list of SSH packages, then install those packages for your Linux distribution.
如果您没有看到 SSH 软件包的列表，请为您的 Linux 发行版安装这些软件包。

2.1.2 Completing a Default Linux Installation

2.1.2 完成默认 Linux 安装

If you do not install the Oracle Preinstallation RPM, then Oracle recommends that you install your Linux operating system with the default software packages (RPMs). This installation includes most of the required packages and helps you limit manual verification of package dependencies. Oracle recommends that you do not customize the RPMs during installation.

如果您不安装 Oracle 预安装 RPM，则 Oracle 建议您使用默认软件包 （RPM） 安装 Linux 操作系统。此安装包括大多数必需的包，并帮助您限制对包依赖项的手动验证。Oracle 建议您在安装过程中不要自定义 RPM。

 

For information about a default installation, log on to My Oracle Support:

有关默认安装的信息，请登录到"我的 Oracle 支持"：

https://support.oracle.com/

Search for "default rpms linux installation," and look for your Linux distribution. For example:

搜索"默认 rpms linux 安装"，然后查找您的 Linux 发行版。例如：

https://support.oracle.com/CSP/main/article?cmd=show&type=NOT&id=401167.1

After installation, review system requirements for your distribution to ensure that you have all required kernel packages installed, and complete all other configuration tasks required for your distribution and system configuration.

安装后，查看发行版的系统要求，以确保安装了所有必需的内核软件包，并完成发行版和系统配置所需的所有其他配置任务。

2.1.3 About Oracle Linux and the Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel

2.1.3 关于 Oracle Linux 和坚不可摧的企业内核

Oracle's Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel delivers the latest innovations from upstream development to customers who run Oracle Linux in the data center. The Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel is included and enabled by default starting with Oracle Linux 5 Update 6.

Oracle 的 Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel 为在数据中心运行 Oracle Linux 的客户提供来自上游开发的最新创新。默认情况下，从 Oracle Linux 5 Update 6 开始，包含并启用了"坚不可摧的企业内核"。

The Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel is based on a recent stable mainline development Linux kernel, and also includes optimizations developed in collaboration with Oracle Database, Oracle middleware, and Oracle hardware engineering teams to ensure stability and optimal performance for the most demanding enterprise workloads.

坚不可摧的企业内核基于最近稳定的主线开发 Linux 内核，还包括与 Oracle 数据库、Oracle 中间件和 Oracle 硬件工程团队合作开发的优化，以确保最苛刻的企业工作负载的稳定性和最佳性能。

Oracle highly recommends deploying the Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel in your Linux environment, especially if you run enterprise applications. However, using Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel is optional. If you require strict RHEL kernel compatibility, then Oracle Linux also includes a kernel compatible with the RHEL Linux kernel, compiled directly from the RHEL source code.

Oracle 强烈建议您在 Linux 环境中部署 Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel，尤其是在运行企业应用程序时。但是，使用 Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel 是可选的。如果您需要严格的RHEL内核兼容性，那么Oracle Linux还包括一个与RHEL Linux内核兼容的内核，直接从RHEL源代码编译。

 

You can obtain more information about the Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Linux at the following URL:

您可以在以下 URL 上获取有关 Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Linux 的更多信息：

http://www.oracle.com/us/technologies/linux/index.html

The Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Linux is the standard kernel used with Oracle products. The build and QA systems for Oracle Database and other Oracle products use the Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Linux exclusively. The Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Linux is also the kernel used in Oracle Exadata and Oracle Exalogic systems. Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Linux is used in all benchmark tests on Linux in which Oracle participates, as well as in the Oracle Preinstallation RPM program for x86-64.

Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Linux 是 Oracle 产品使用的标准内核。Oracle Database 和其他 Oracle 产品的构建和 QA 系统专门使用 Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Linux。Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Linux也是Oracle Exadata和Oracle Exalogic系统中使用的内核。Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Linux 用于 Oracle 参与的所有 Linux 基准测试，以及适用于 x86-64 的 Oracle Preinstallation RPM 程序。

Ksplice, which is part of Oracle Linux, updates the Linux operating system (OS) kernel, while it is running, without requiring restarts or any interruption. Ksplice is available only with Oracle Linux.

Ksplice是Oracle Linux的一部分，在Linux操作系统（OS）内核运行时会更新Linux操作系统（OS）内核，而无需重新启动或任何中断。Ksplice 仅适用于 Oracle Linux。

2.1.4 About the Oracle Preinstallation RPMs and Oracle Validated RPMs

2.1.4 关于 Oracle 预安装 RPM 和 Oracle 验证 RPM

If your Linux distribution is Oracle Linux, then you can complete most preinstallation configuration tasks by using the Oracle Preinstallation RPM or Oracle Validated RPM for your release, which is available from the Oracle Linux Network, or available on the Oracle Linux DVDs. Using the Oracle Preinstallation RPM is not required, but Oracle recommends you use it to save time in setting up your cluster servers.

 

如果您的 Linux 发行版是 Oracle Linux，则可以使用 Oracle 预安装 RPM 或 Oracle Validate RPM 来完成大多数预安装配置任务，这些 RPM 可从 Oracle Linux Network 获得，或者在 Oracle Linux DVD 上可用。使用 Oracle 预安装 RPM 不是必需的，但 Oracle 建议您使用它来节省设置群集服务器的时间。

 

When it is installed, the Oracle Preinstallation RPM or Oracle Validated RPM does the following:

安装后，Oracle 预安装 RPM 或 Oracle Validate rpm 执行以下操作：

 

• Automatically downloads and installs any additional RPM packages needed for installing Oracle Grid Infrastructure and Oracle Database, and resolves any dependencies

• 自动下载并安装安装 Oracle Grid 基础架构和 Oracle 数据库所需的任何其他 RPM 包，并解析任何依赖关系

• Creates an oracle user, and creates the oraInventory (oinstall) and OSDBA (dba) groups for that user

• 创建预言机用户，并为该用户创建 oraInventory （oinstall） 和 OSDBA （dba） 组
• As needed, sets sysctl.conf settings, system startup parameters, and driver parameters to values based on recommendations from the Oracle RDBMS Pre-Install program
• 根据需要，根据 Oracle RDBMS 预安装程序的建议，将 sysctl.conf 设置、系统启动参数和驱动程序参数设置为值
• Sets hard and soft resource limits
• 设置硬资源和软资源限制
• Sets other recommended parameters, depending on your kernel version
• 设置其他推荐参数，具体取决于您的内核版本

To become an Oracle Linux Network customer, contact your sales representative, or purchase a license from the Oracle Linux store:

要成为 Oracle Linux Network 客户，请联系您的销售代表，或从 Oracle Linux 商店购买许可证：

https://shop.oracle.com/product/oraclelinux

 

To register your server on the Unbreakable Linux Network, or to find out more information, see the following URL:

要在牢不可破的 Linux 网络上注册您的服务器，或要了解更多信息，请参阅以下 URL：

https://linux.oracle.com/

If you are using Oracle Linux 5.2 and higher, then the Oracle Preinstallation RPM is included on the install media.

如果您使用的是 Oracle Linux 5.2 及更高版本，则 Oracle 预安装 RPM 将包含在安装介质中。

 

Note:

The Oracle Preinstallation RPM designated for each Oracle Database release sets kernel parameters and resource limits only for the user account oracle. To use multiple software account owners, you must perform system configuration for other accounts manually.

注意：

为每个 Oracle 数据库版本指定的 Oracle 预安装 RPM 仅为用户帐户 oracle 设置内核参数和资源限制。若要使用多个软件帐户所有者，必须手动执行其他帐户的系统配置。

 

You can obtain Linux kernels from the Oracle Linux public Yum repository. The public Yum repository for Oracle Linux 4, Oracle Linux 5 and Oracle Linux 6 is available at the following URL:

您可以从 Oracle Linux 公共 Yum 存储库获取 Linux 内核。Oracle Linux 4、Oracle Linux 5 和 Oracle Linux 6 的公共 Yum 存储库位于以下 URL：

http://public-yum.oracle.com/

To become an Unbreakable Linux Network customer, contact your sales representative, or purchase a license from the Unbreakable Linux store:

要成为 Unbreakable Linux Network 客户，请联系您的销售代表，或从 Unbreakable Linux 商店购买许可证：

https://shop.oracle.com/product/oraclelinux

To register your server on the Unbreakable Linux Network, or to find out more information, refer to the following URL:

要在坚不可摧的 Linux 网络上注册您的服务器，或要了解更多信息，请参阅以下 URL：

https://linux.oracle.com/

If you are using Oracle Linux 4.7 and higher, or Oracle Linux 5.2 and higher, then the Oracle Preinstallation RPM or Oracle Validated RPM is included on the install media.

如果您使用的是 Oracle Linux 4.7 及更高版本或 Oracle Linux 5.2 及更高版本，则安装介质上将包含 Oracle 预安装 RPM 或 Oracle Validate RPM。

 

Note:

The Oracle Preinstallation RPM sets kernel parameters and resource limits only for the user account oracle. To use multiple software account owners, you must perform system configuration for other accounts manually.

Oracle 预安装 RPM 仅为用户帐户 oracle 设置内核参数和资源限制。若要使用多个软件帐户所有者，必须手动执行其他帐户的系统配置。

In addition, users and groups are created using the next available ID numbers. If server group and user IDs are not identical on the cluster nodes where you run the Oracle Preinstallation RPM, then it is possible that these ids will be different on the nodes, and the different group and user IDs will cause installation to fail.

此外，用户和组是使用下一个可用的 ID 号创建的。如果在运行 Oracle 预安装 RPM 的群集节点上的服务器组和用户 ID 不相同，则这些 ID 在节点上可能会有所不同，并且不同的组 ID 和用户 ID 将导致安装失败。

To avoid this issue, run the command id user on all nodes, where user is the software owner user account. If group or user IDs are not identical on all the nodes, then change them as necessary to ensure that they are identical.

若要避免此问题，请在所有节点上运行命令 id user，其中 user 是软件所有者用户帐户。如果组或用户 ID 在所有节点上都不相同，请根据需要更改它们以确保它们相同。

2.1.5 Installing the Oracle Preinstallation RPM or Oracle Validated RPM with ULN Support

2.1.5 安装 Oracle 预安装 RPM 或具有 ULN 支持的 Oracle 验证 RPM

Use the following procedure to subscribe to Unbreakable Linux Network (ULN) Oracle Linux channels, and to add the Oracle Linux channel that distributes the Oracle Preinstallation RPM or Oracle Validated RPM for your release:

使用以下过程订阅坚不可摧的 Linux Network （ULN） Oracle Linux 频道，并添加为您的版本分发 Oracle 预安装 RPM 或 Oracle 验证 RPM 的 Oracle Linux 频道：

1. Register your server with Unbreakable Linux Network (ULN). By default, you are registered for the Oracle Linux Latest channel for your operating system and hardware.将您的服务器注册到坚不可摧的 Linux 网络 （ULN）。默认情况下，您已注册适用于您的操作系统和硬件的 Oracle Linux 最新频道。

2. log in to Unbreakable Linux Network:登录到坚不可摧的 Linux 网络：https://linux.oracle.com/
3. Click the Systems tab, and in the System Profiles list, select a registered server. The System Details window opens and displays the subscriptions for the server.单击"系统"选项卡，然后在"系统配置文件"列表中选择已注册的服务器。"系统详细信息"窗口将打开并显示服务器的订阅。
4. Click Manage Subscriptions. The System Summary window opens.单击"管理订阅"。将打开"系统摘要"窗口。
5. From the Available Channels list, select the Linux installation media copy and update patch channels corresponding to your Oracle Linux distribution. For example, if your distribution is Oracle Linux 5 Update 6 for x86_64, then select the following:从"可用通道"列表中，选择与 Oracle Linux 发行版对应的 Linux 安装介质复制和更新修补程序通道。例如，如果您的发行版是适用于 x86_64 的 Oracle Linux 5 Update 6，请选择以下选项：1. Oracle Linux 5 Update 6 installation media copy (x86_64).Oracle Linux 5 Update 6 安装介质副本 （x86_64）2.Oracle Linux 5 Update 6 Patch (x86_64).
6. Click Subscribe.点击订阅
7. Start a terminal session and enter the following command as root, depending on your platform.启动终端会话并以 root 身份输入以下命令，具体取决于您的平台。Oracle Linux 6:

   # yum install oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall

   Oracle Linux 5 or Oracle Linux 4:

   # yum install oracle-validated

   You should see output indicating that you have subscribed to the Oracle Linux channel, and that packages are being installed. For example:您应该会看到输出，指示您已订阅 Oracle Linux 频道，并且正在安装软件包。例如：

   el5_u6_i386_base
   el5_u6_x86_64_patch

   Oracle Linux automatically creates a standard (not role-allocated) Oracle installation owner and groups, and sets up other kernel configuration settings as required for Oracle installations.Oracle Linux 会自动创建标准（未分配角色）的 Oracle 安装所有者和组，并根据 Oracle 安装所需的设置其他内核配置设置。

8. Repeat steps 1 through 8 on all other servers in your cluster.在群集中的所有其他服务器上重复步骤 1 到 8。

   Note:

   Check the RPM log file to review the system configuration changes. For example:

   Oracle Linux 6:

   检查 RPM 日志文件以查看系统配置更改。例如：
   Oracle Linux 6：

   /var/log/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall/results/orakernel.log

   Oracle Linux 5 and Oracle Linux 4:

   /var/log/oracle-validated/results/orakernel.log

 

2.1.6 Installing the Oracle Preinstallation RPM from DVD Disks or Images

2.1.6 从 DVD 磁盘或映像安装 Oracle 预安装 RPM

Use the following procedure to install the Oracle Preinstallation RPM or Oracle Validated RPM from the Oracle Linux distribution:

使用以下过程从 Oracle Linux 发行版安装 Oracle 预安装 RPM 或 Oracle Validate rpm：

 1.Get Oracle Linux disks either by ordering the Oracle Linux media pack from Oracle Store, or downloading disk images from the Oracle Software Delivery Cloud portal for Oracle Linux and Oracle Virtual Machine (Oracle VM).

通过从 Oracle Store 订购 Oracle Linux 媒体包，或从 Oracle Software Delivery Cloud 门户（适用于 Oracle Linux 和 Oracle 虚拟机 （Oracle VM））下载磁盘映像，获取 Oracle Linux 磁盘。

Oracle Store:

甲骨文商店：

https://shop.oracle.com/store/enterpriselinux

Oracle Software Delivery Cloud:

Oracle 软件交付云：

https://edelivery.oracle.com/linux

2.Start the Oracle Linux installation.

启动 Oracle Linux 安装。

3.At the first software selection screen, which lists task-specific software options, there is an option at the bottom of the screen to customize now or customize later. Select Customize now, and click Next.

在第一个软件选择屏幕（其中列出了特定于任务的软件选项）中，屏幕底部有一个选项，用于立即自定义或稍后自定义。选择"立即自定义"，然后单击"下一步"。

4.On the Customize selection page, select Base System on the list on the left side of the screen, and then select System Tools on the right side of the screen. Then, click Optional Packages.

在"自定义选择"页上，在屏幕左侧的列表中选择"基本系统"，然后选择屏幕右侧的"系统工具"。然后，单击"可选包"。

5.The Packages in System Tools window opens. Select the Oracle Preinstallation RPM package box from the package list, and click Next.

将打开"系统工具中的程序包"窗口。从包列表中选择 Oracle 预安装 RPM 包框，然后单击下一步。

6.Complete the other screens to finish the Oracle Linux installation.

完成其他屏幕以完成 Oracle Linux 安装。

 

Oracle Linux automatically creates a standard (not role-allocated) Oracle installation owner and groups, and sets up other kernel configuration settings as required for Oracle installations.

Oracle Linux 会自动创建标准（未分配角色）的 Oracle 安装所有者和组，并根据 Oracle 安装所需的设置其他内核配置设置。

2.1.7 Using Ksplice to Perform a Zero Downtime Update

2.1.7 使用 Ksplice 执行零停机时间更新

Ksplice Uptrack updates provide Linux security and bug fix updates, repackaged in a form that allows these updates to be applied without restarting the kernel.

Ksplice Uptrack 更新提供 Linux 安全和 bug 修复更新，以允许在不重新启动内核的情况下应用这些更新的形式重新打包。

To use Ksplice Uptrack:

要使用 Ksplice Uptrack：

1.Obtain or verify your Oracle Linux premium support subscription from Unbreakable Linux Network:

从 Unbreakable Linux Network 获取或验证您的 Oracle Linux 高级支持订阅：

https://linux.oracle.com/

2.Log in as root.

以 root 用户身份登录。

3.Ensure that you have access to the Internet on the server where you want to use Ksplice. For example, if you are using a proxy server, then set the proxy server and port values in the shell with commands similar to the following:

确保您有权访问要使用 Ksplice 的服务器上的互联网。例如，如果您使用的是代理服务器，请使用类似于以下内容的命令在 shell 中设置代理服务器和端口值：

# export http_proxy=http://proxy.example.com:port
# export https_proxy=http://proxy.example.com:port

4.Download the Ksplice Uptrack repository RPM package:

下载 Ksplice Uptrack 存储库 RPM 包：

https://www.ksplice.com/yum/uptrack/ol/ksplice-uptrack-release.noarch.rpm

5.Run the following commands:

运行以下命令：

rpm -i ksplice-uptrack-release.noarch.rpm
yum -y install uptrack

 6.Open /etc/uptrack/uptrack.conf with a text editor, enter your premium support access key, and save the file. You must use the same access key for all of your systems.

使用文本编辑器打开 /etc/uptrack/uptrack.conf，输入您的高级支持访问密钥，然后保存文件。您必须对所有系统使用相同的访问密钥。

7.Run the following command to carry out a zero downtime update of your kernel:

运行以下命令以执行内核的零停机时间更新：

uptrack-upgrade -y

See Also:

The Oracle Ksplice Uptrack website for more information:

http://www.ksplice.com

Oracle Ksplice for Oracle Linux:

https://oss.oracle.com/ksplice/docs/ksplice-quickstart.pdf

另请参阅：

Oracle Ksplice Uptrack 网站了解更多信息：

http://www.ksplice.com

Oracle Ksplice for Oracle Linux：

https://oss.oracle.com/ksplice/docs/ksplice-quickstart.pdf

 

2.2 Logging In to the System as root

2.2 以 root 用户身份登录系统

Before you install the Oracle software, you must complete several tasks as the root user. To log in as the root user, complete one of the following procedures:

在安装 Oracle 软件之前，您必须以 root 用户身份完成多项任务。要以 root 用户身份登录，请完成以下过程之一：

Note:

Unless you intend to complete a silent-mode installation, you must install the software from an X Window System workstation, an X terminal, a PC, or other system with X server software installed.

For more information about silent-mode installations, see Appendix A.

注意：

除非您打算完成静默模式安装，否则必须从 X Window 系统工作站、X 终端、PC 或其他安装了 X 服务器软件的系统安装软件。
有关静默模式安装的详细信息，请参阅附录 A。

To install the software from an X Window System workstation or X terminal:

要从 X 窗口系统工作站或 X 终端安装软件：

1. Start a local terminal session, for example, an X terminal (xterm).启动本地终端会话，例如 X 终端 （xterm）。

2. If you are not installing the software on the local system, then enter the following command to enable the remote host to display X applications on the local X server:如果未在本地系统上安装软件，请输入以下命令以使远程主机能够在本地 X 服务器上显示 X 应用程序：

$ xhost fully_qualified_remote_host_name

　　For example:

$ xhost somehost.example.com

　　3.If you are not installing the software on the local system, then use the ssh, rlogin, or telnet command to connect to the system where you want to install the software:如果您没有在本地系统上安装软件，请使用 ssh、rlogin 或 telnet 命令连接到要安装该软件的系统：

$ telnet fully_qualified_remote_host_name

　　4.If you are not logged in as the root user, then enter the following command to switch the user to root:如果您未以 root 用户身份登录，请输入以下命令以将用户切换到 root 用户：

$ sudo sh
password:
#

To install the software from a PC or other system with X server software:要从 PC 或其他系统安装带有 X 服务器软件的软件：请执行以下操作：

 

Note:

If necessary, see the X server documentation, or contact your X server vendor or system administrator for more information about completing this procedure. Depending on the X server software that you are using, you may have to complete the tasks in a different order.

注意：

如有必要，请参阅 X 服务器文档，或与 X 服务器供应商或系统管理员联系，以获取有关完成此过程的详细信息。根据您使用的 X 服务器软件，您可能必须以不同的顺序完成任务。

 

 

1. Start the X server software.

2. Configure the security settings of the X server software to permit remote hosts to display X applications on the local system.

3. Connect to the remote system where you want to install the software and start a terminal session on that system, for example, an X terminal (xterm).

4. If you are not logged in as the root user on the remote system, then enter the following command to switch the user to root:

5. 启动 X 服务器软件。

   配置 X 服务器软件的安全设置，以允许远程主机在本地系统上显示 X 应用程序。

   连接到要安装软件的远程系统，并在该系统上启动终端会话，例如 X 终端 （xterm）。

   如果您未以远程系统上的 root 用户身份登录，请输入以下命令以将用户切换到 root 用户：

$ sudo sh
password:
#

2.3 Checking the Hardware Requirements

2.3 检查硬件要求

The system must meet the following minimum hardware requirements:

系统必须满足以下最低硬件要求：

2.3.1 Memory Requirements

The following are the memory requirements for installing Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2):以下是安装 Oracle 数据库 11g 第 2 版 （11.2） 的内存要求：

Minimum: 1 GB of RAM

Recommended: 2 GB of RAM or more

• To determine the RAM size, enter the following command:

# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo

If the size of the RAM is less than the required size, then you must install more memory before continuing.如果 RAM 的大小小于所需的大小，则必须先安装更多内存，然后才能继续。

　　The following table describes the relationship between the installed RAM and the configured swap space recommendation:下表描述了已安装的 RAM 与配置的交换空间建议之间的关系：

Note:

On Linux, the HugePages feature allocates non-swappable memory for large page tables using memory-mapped files. If you enable HugePages, then you should deduct the memory allocated to HugePages from the available RAM before calculating swap space.

注意：

在 Linux 上，HugePages 功能使用内存映射文件为大型页表分配不可交换的内存。如果启用 HugePages，则应在计算交换空间之前从可用 RAM 中扣除分配给 HugePages 的内存。

RAM	Swap Space
Between 1 GB and 2 GB	1.5 times the size of the RAM
Between 2 GB and 16 GB	Equal to the size of the RAM
More than 16 GB	16 GB

内存交换空间
在 1 GB 和 2 GB 之间 1.5 倍的 RAM 大小
介于 2 GB 和 16 GB 之间 等于 RAM 的大小
大于 16 GB 16 GB

 

If the size of the RAM is less than the required size, then you must install more memory before continuing.

To determine the size of the configured swap space, enter the following command:

如果 RAM 的大小小于所需的大小，则必须先安装更多内存，然后才能继续。

要确定已配置交换空间的大小，请输入以下命令：

# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo

If necessary, see the operating system documentation for information about how to configure additional swap space.

To determine the available RAM and swap space, enter the following command:

如有必要，请参阅操作系统文档，了解有关如何配置其他交换空间的信息。

要确定可用的 RAM 和交换空间，请输入以下命令：

# free

Note:

• Oracle recommends that you take multiple values for the available RAM and swap space before finalizing a value. This is because the available RAM and swap space keep changing depending on the user interactions with the computer.

• Contact your operating system vendor for swap space allocation guidance for your server. The vendor guidelines supersede the swap space requirements listed in this guide.

• 注意：

  Oracle 建议您在最终确定一个值之前，为可用 RAM 和交换空间获取多个值。这是因为可用的 RAM 和交换空间会根据用户与计算机的交互而不断变化。

  请与操作系统供应商联系，以获取服务器的交换空间分配指南。供应商指南取代了本指南中列出的交换空间要求。

Automatic Memory Management

自动内存管理

Starting with Oracle Database 11g, the Automatic Memory Management feature requires more shared memory (/dev/shm)and file descriptors. The size of the shared memory must be at least the greater of the MEMORY_MAX_TARGET and MEMORY_TARGET parameters for each Oracle instance on the computer. If the MEMORY_MAX_TARGET parameter or the MEMORY_TARGET parameter is set to a nonzero value, and an incorrect size is assigned to the shared memory, it results in an ORA-00845 error at startup. On Linux systems, if the operating system /dev/shm mount size is too small for the Oracle system global area (SGA) and program global area (PGA), it results in an ORA-00845 error.

 

从 Oracle Database 11g 开始，自动内存管理功能需要更多的共享内存 （/dev/shm） 和文件描述符。共享内存的大小必须至少为计算机上每个 Oracle 实例的MEMORY_MAX_TARGET和MEMORY_TARGET参数中的较大者。

如果MEMORY_MAX_TARGET参数或MEMORY_TARGET参数设置为非零值，并且为共享内存分配了不正确的大小，则在启动时会导致 ORA-00845 错误。在 Linux 系统上，如果操作系统 /dev/shm 挂载大小对于 Oracle 系统全局区域 （SGA） 和程序全局区域 （PGA） 来说太小，则会导致 ORA-00845 错误。

The number of file descriptors for each Oracle instance must be at least 512*PROCESSES. The limit of descriptors for each process must be at least 512. If file descriptors are not sized correctly, you see an ORA-27123 error from various Oracle processes and potentially Linux Error EMFILE (Too many open files)in non-Oracle processes.

每个 Oracle 实例的文件描述符数必须至少为 512*进程。每个进程的描述符限制必须至少为 512。如果文件描述符的大小不正确，您会看到来自各种 Oracle 进程的 ORA-27123 错误，以及非 Oracle 进程中潜在的 Linux 错误 EMFILE（打开的文件太多）。

To determine the amount of shared memory available, enter the following command:要确定可用的共享内存量，请输入以下命令：

# df -h /dev/shm/

Note:

The MEMORY_MAX_TARGET and MEMORY_TARGET parameters cannot be used when the LOCK_SGA parameter is enabled, or with HugePages on Linux.

诺维克斯

MEMORY_MAX_TARGET和MEMORY_TARGET参数不能在启用LOCK_SGA参数时使用，也不能在 Linux 上的 HugePages 中使用。

On the Initialization Parameters page, note the Memory Size (SGA and PGA), which sets the initialization parameter MEMORY_TARGET or MEMORY_MAX_TARGET. The initialization parameters cannot be greater than the shared memory file system on the operating system. For example, if the shared memory file system allocation on your system is 1 GB, but you set Memory Size (MEMORY_TARGET) to 2 GB, then the following error messages are displayed during database startup:

在"初始化参数"页面上，记下"内存大小（SGA 和 PGA）"，它将初始化参数设置为MEMORY_TARGET或MEMORY_MAX_TARGET。初始化参数不能大于操作系统上的共享内存文件系统。例如，如果系统上的共享内存文件系统分配为 1 GB，但将"内存大小（MEMORY_TARGET）"设置为 2 GB，则在数据库启动期间将显示以下错误消息：

ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system
ORA-01078: Failure in processing system parameters

In addition, if you click All Initialization Parameters and the global database name is longer than eight characters, then the database name value (in the DB_NAME parameter) is truncated to the first eight characters, and the DB_UNIQUE_NAME parameter value is set to the global name.

The workaround, if you encounter the ORA-00845 error, is to increase the /dev/shm mountpoint size.

For example:

此外，如果单击"所有初始化参数"，并且全局数据库名称的长度超过八个字符，则数据库名称值（在 DB_NAME 参数中）将被截断为前八个字符，并且DB_UNIQUE_NAME参数值将设置为全局名称。

如果遇到 ORA-00845 错误，解决方法是增加 /dev/shm 装入点大小。

例如：

# mount -t tmpfs shmfs -o size=7g /dev/shm

To make this change persistent across system restarts, add an entry in /etc/fstab similar to the following:

要使此更改在系统重新启动后持续存在，请在 /etc/fstab 中添加类似于以下内容的条目：

shmfs /dev/shm tmpfs size=7g 0

2.3.2 System Architecture

2.3.2 系统架构

To determine if the system architecture can run the software, enter the following command:

要确定系统体系结构是否可以运行该软件，请输入以下命令：

# uname -m

Verify that the processor architecture matches the Oracle software release to install. If you do not see the expected output, then you cannot install the software on this system.验证处理器体系结构是否与要安装的 Oracle 软件版本匹配。如果看不到预期的输出，则无法在此系统上安装该软件。

2.3.3 Disk Space Requirements

2.3.3 磁盘空间要求

The following are the disk space requirements for installing Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2):

以下是安装 Oracle 数据库 11g 第 2 版 （11.2） 的磁盘空间要求：

1 GB of space in the /tmp directory

To determine the amount of space available in the /tmp directory, enter the following command:

/tmp 目录中的 1 GB 空间

要确定 /tmp 目录中的可用空间量，请输入以下命令：

# df -h /tmp

If the free space available in the /tmp directory is less than what is required, then complete one of the following steps:

• Delete unnecessary files from the /tmp directory to meet the disk space requirement.

• Set the TMP and TMPDIR environment variables when setting the oracle user's environment.

如果 /tmp 目录中的可用空间小于所需的可用空间，请完成以下步骤之一：

从 /tmp 目录中删除不必要的文件以满足磁盘空间要求。

设置预言机用户的环境时，设置 TMP 和 TMPDIR 环境变量。

See Also:

"Configuring Oracle Software Owner Environment" for more information about setting TMP and TMPDIR

　　

• Extend the file system that contains the /tmp directory. If necessary, contact the system administrator for information about extending file systems.扩展包含 /tmp 目录的文件系统。如有必要，请与系统管理员联系以获取有关扩展文件系统的信息。

The following tables describe the disk space requirements for software files and data files for each installation type on Linux x86:

下表描述了 Linux x86 上每种安装类型的软件文件和数据文件的磁盘空间要求：

 

 

 

To determine the amount of free disk space on the system, enter the following command:要确定系统上的可用磁盘空间量，请输入以下命令：

 

# df -h

 

Additional disk space, either on a file system or on an Oracle ASM disk group is required for the fast recovery area if you configure automated backups.如果配置了自动备份，则快速恢复区域需要文件系统或 Oracle ASM 磁盘组上的额外磁盘空间。

2.3.4 Display Requirements

2.3.4 显示要求

The minimum resolution for Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) is 1024 x 768 or higher.

Oracle 数据库 11g 第 2 版 （11.2） 的最低分辨率为 1024 x 768 或更高版本。

2.4 Checking the Software Requirements

Depending on the products that you intend to install, verify that the following software is installed on your system:

2.4 检查软件要求

根据您要安装的产品，验证您的系统上是否安装了以下软件：

2.4.1 Operating System Requirements

2.4.1 操作系统要求

The following operating system versions (or later) are required for Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2):

Oracle 数据库 11g 第 2 版 （11.2） 需要以下操作系统版本（或更高版本）：

Note:

• Starting with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.4), Oracle Linux 7 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 are supported on Linux x86-64.

• Starting with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.3), Oracle Linux 6 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 are supported on Linux x86 and Linux x86-64.

• Starting with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.3), Asianux 4 is supported on Linux x86 and Linux x86-64.

• Starting with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.4), SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 is certified on Linux x86-64 systems.

• Starting with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.4), NeoKylin Linux Advanced Server 6 is certified on Linux x86-64 systems.

• Starting with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.4), NeoKylin Linux Advanced Server 7 is certified on Linux x86-64 systems.

• Starting with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.4), Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 is supported on IBM: Linux on System z.

• On Linux x86

  • Asianux Server 3 SP2

  • Asianux Server 4 SP3

  • Oracle Linux 4 Update 7

  • Oracle Linux 5 Update 2

  • Oracle Linux 6

  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 Update 7

  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 Update 2

  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6

  • SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 SP2

  • SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11

• On Linux x86-64

  • Asianux Server 3 SP2

  • Asianux Server 4 SP3

  • Oracle Linux 4 Update 7

  • Oracle Linux 5 Update 2 (with Red Hat Compatible Kernel)

  • Oracle Linux 5 Update 5

  • Oracle Linux 6

  • Oracle Linux 6 (with Red Hat Compatible Kernel)

  • Oracle Linux 7

  • Oracle Linux 7 (with Red Hat Compatible Kernel)

  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 Update 7

  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 Update 2

  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6

  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7

  • SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 SP2

  • SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11

  • SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP1

  • NeoKylin Linux Advanced Server 6

  • NeoKylin Linux Advanced Server 7

• On IBM: Linux on System z

  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Update 1

  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Update 2

  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 Update 8

  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 Update 4

  • SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 SP3

  • SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 SP1

 

 

Starting with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2), the Security Enhanced Linux (SELinux) feature is supported for Oracle Linux 4, Oracle Linux 5, Oracle Linux 6, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.

从 Oracle Database 11g Release 2 （11.2） 开始，Oracle Linux 4、Oracle Linux 5、Oracle Linux 6、Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4、Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 和 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 都支持安全增强型 Linux （SELinux） 功能。

 

Note:

For Asianux Server, Oracle Linux, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux, the system requirements are identical by kernel version, specifically:

• Oracle Linux 4 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 requirements are the same.

• Asianux Server 3, Oracle Linux 5, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 Update 2 requirements are the same.

• Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Linux 5 Update 5 (2.6.32) and above, available for x86-64 systems, contains several additional features and performance enhancements not available either with Oracle Linux or with other supported Linux distributions. This kernel can be installed on either Oracle Linux or Red Hat Enterprise Linux distributions. Before installing the Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel, you must have either Oracle Linux 5 Update 5, Oracle Linux 6, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 Update 5, or Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 installed on an x86-64 server.此内核可以安装在 Oracle Linux 或 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 发行版上。在安装 Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel 之前，您必须在 x86-64 服务器上安装 Oracle Linux 5 Update 5、Oracle Linux 6、Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 Update 5 或 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6。

• The Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Linux is installed by default with the Oracle Linux 6 installation.

 

对于 Asianux Server、Oracle Linux 和 Red Hat Enterprise Linux，系统要求与内核版本相同，具体而言：

　　Oracle Linux 4 和 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 的要求是相同的。

　　Asianux Server 3、Oracle Linux 5 和 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 Update 2 的要求是相同的。

　　Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Linux 5 Update 5 （2.6.32） 及更高版本（适用于 x86-64 系统）包含 Oracle Linux 或其他受支持的 Linux 发行版所不具备的几项附加功能和性能增强功能。

　　Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Linux 默认与 Oracle Linux 6 一起安装。

To determine the distribution and version of Linux installed, enter the following command:

# cat /proc/version

You can also enter the following command on some distributions of Linux:

# lsb_release -id

See Also:

"Hardware and Software Certification" for information about how to access the latest system requirements

另请参阅：

 

 

"硬件和软件认证"，以获取有关如何访问最新系统要求的信息

2.4.2 Kernel Requirements

2.4.2 内核要求

The following are the kernel requirements for Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2):

以下是 Oracle Database 11g Release 2 （11.2） 的内核要求：

For Linux x86 

• On Oracle Linux 4 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4

  2.6.9 or later

• On Asianux Server 3, Oracle Linux 5, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5

  2.6.18 or later

• On Oracle Linux 6

  2.6.32.100 or later

• On Asianux Server 4 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6

  2.6.32-71 or later

• On SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10

  2.6.16.21 or later

• On SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11:

  2.6.27.19 or later

For Linux x86-64 

• On Oracle Linux 4 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4

  2.6.9 or later

• On Oracle Linux 5 Update 2 with Red Hat Compatible Kernel

  2.6.18 or later

• On Oracle Linux 5 Update 5 with Red Hat Compatible Kernel

  2.6.18 or later

• On Oracle Linux 5 Update 5 with Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel

  2.6.32-100.0.19 or later

• On Oracle Linux 6

  2.6.32-100.28.5.el6.x86_64 or later

• On Oracle Linux 6 with Red Hat Compatible Kernel

  2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64 or later

• On Oracle Linux 7

  3.8.13-33.el7uek.x86_64 or later

• On Oracle Linux 7 with Red Hat Compatible Kernel

  3.10.0-54.0.1.el7.x86_64 or later

• On Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 Update 2

  2.6.18 or later

• On Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 Update 5

  2.6.18 or later

• On Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6

  2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64 or later

• On Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7

  3.10.0-54.0.1.el7.x86_64 or later

• On Asianux Server 3

  2.6.18 or later

• On Asianux Server 4

  2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64 or later

• On SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10

  2.6.16.21 or later

• On SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11

  2.6.27.19 or later

• On SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12

  3.12.49-11 or later

• On NeoKylin Linux Advanced Server 6

  2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64 or later

• On NeoKylin Linux Advanced Server 7

  3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 or later

For IBM: Linux on System z 

• On Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7

  3.10.0-229.el7 or later

• On Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6

  2.6.32-200 or later

• On Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4

  2.6.9 or later

• On Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5

  2.6.18 or later

• On SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10

  2.6.16.60 or later

• On SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11

  2.6.32.12 or later

 

 

See Also:

"About Oracle Linux and the Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel"

 

To determine if the required kernel is installed, enter the following command:

# uname -r

The following is a sample output displayed by running this command on an Oracle Linux 5 system:

 

2.6.18-128.el5PAE

 

In this example, the output shows the kernel version (2.6.18) and errata level (-128.el5PAE) on the system.在此示例中，输出显示系统上的内核版本 （2.6.18） 和勘误表级别 （-128.el5PAE）。

If the kernel version does not meet the requirement, then contact the operating system vendor for information about obtaining and installing kernel updates.

如果内核版本不符合要求，请与操作系统供应商联系，以获取有关获取和安装内核更新的信息。

2.4.3 Package Requirements

2.4.3 包件要求

The following are the list of packages required for Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2):以下是 Oracle 数据库 11g 第 2 版 （11.2） 所需的软件包列表：

Note:

• Oracle recommends that you install your Linux operating system with the default software packages (RPMs), unless you specifically intend to perform a minimal installation and follow the directions for performing such an installation to ensure that you have all required packages for Oracle software.

• Oracle 建议您使用默认软件包 （RPM） 安装 Linux 操作系统，除非您特别打算执行最小安装并按照执行此类安装的说明进行安装，以确保您拥有 Oracle 软件所需的所有软件包。

• Oracle recommends that you do not customize RPMs during a default operating system installation. A default installation includes most required packages and helps you to limit manual verification of package dependencies.

• Oracle 建议您在安装默认操作系统期间不要自定义 RPM。默认安装包括最需要的包，并帮助您限制对包依赖项的手动验证。

• If you did not perform a default Linux installation, you intend to use LDAP, and you want to use the scripts odisrvreg, oidca, or schemasync, then install the Korn shell RPM for the Linux distribution.

• 如果您没有执行默认的 Linux 安装，则打算使用 LDAP，并且希望使用脚本 odisrvreg、oidca 或 schemasync，然后为 Linux 发行版安装 Korn shell RPM。

• You must install the packages (or later versions) listed in the following table, and ensure that the list of RPMs and all of the prerequisites for these RPMs are installed.

• 您必须安装下表中列出的程序包（或更高版本），并确保安装了 RPM 列表以及这些 RPM 的所有先决条件。

See Also:

• "About Installing the Linux Operating System" for information about installing Oracle Validated RPM

• "Installing the cvuqdisk Package for Linux"

Oracle Database Package Requirements for Linux x86-64

Note:

• Starting with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.2), all the 32-bit packages, except for gcc-32bit-4.3, listed in the following table are no longer required for installing a database on Linux x86-64. Only the 64-bit packages are required. However, for any Oracle Database 11g release before 11.2.0.2, both the 32-bit and 64-bit packages listed in the following table are required.

• 从 Oracle Database 11g Release 2 （11.2.0.2） 开始，在 Linux x86-64 上安装数据库不再需要下表中列出的除 gcc-32bit-4.3 之外的所有 32 位软件包。只需要 64 位包。但是，对于 11.2.0.2 之前的任何 Oracle 数据库 11g 发行版，下表中列出的 32 位和 64 位软件包都是必需的。

• If you are using Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel, then all required kernel packages are installed as part of the Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel installation.

• 如果您使用的是 Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel，则所有必需的内核软件包都将作为 Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel 安装的一部分进行安装。

• For Orace Linux 6 the Oracle Validated RPM has been replaced by the Oracle RDBMS Server 11gR2 Pre-install RPM. See "Completing a Minimal Linux Installation" for more information.

• 对于 Orace Linux 6，Oracle Validate rpm 已被 Oracle RDBMS Server 11gR2 Pre-install RPM 取代。有关详细信息，请参阅"完成最小 Linux 安装"。

 

Operating System	Requirement
Oracle Linux 4 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4	The following packages (or later versions) must be installed:

 

Note:

The numa package link for Linux x86-64 is /usr/lib64/.

 

Oracle Database Preinstallation Tasks

解决windows7无法连接CentOS7系统中oracle问题：ORA-12514 TNS 监听程序当前无法识别 - nicho_c - 博客园 (cnblogs.com)

 

扩展包含 /tmp 目录的文件系统。如有必要，请与系统管理员联系以获取有关扩展文件系统的信息。