【译】Asp.Net 导出 Excel 数据的9种方案

简介

Excel 的强大之处在于它不仅仅只能打开Excel格式的文档，它还能打开CSV格式、Tab格式、website table 等多钟格式的文档。它具备自动识别行号，字符，格式化数字等功能，例如：如果你在Excel 单元格中输入数字 "123456789012" 会自动转化为"1.23457E+11"。

背景介绍

正因为Excel的强大和易用，大家都喜欢将数据导出为 Excel 备用。这里我会介绍一系列通过Asp.Net导出Excel数据的方法。将导出文件存储到服务器并提供地址给客户端下载，或重定向到文件下载页面：当Response时，数据列以 "\t" 分隔，行以"\n"分隔。好了，现在给大家展示这是怎么做的。

使用代码导出

方案1：导出全部HTML 数据到 Excel

这种方法是将Html中的所有文档内容，包括按钮，表格，图片等所有页面内容导出为 Excel

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Response.Clear();     

Response.Buffer = true;     

Response.AppendHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename="+DateTime.

Now.ToString("yyyyMMdd")+".xls");           

Response.ContentEncoding = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8;   

Response.ContentType = ""application/ms-excel";   

this.EnableViewState = false;  

这里我们使用了Page的"ContentType" 属性，它默认为"text/Html"，输出到客户端即为Html。如果我们将它改为"ms-excel"，页面将输出Excel格式的内容，客户端就可以下载并存储它了。
页面property 还包括：image/JPEG, text/HTML, image/GIF and vnd.ms-excel/msword.

方案2：从DataGrid导出数据到Excel

尽管上面的方法能帮你导出Excel数据，但它导出了所有的HTML内容，包括按钮、图片等，这并不是我们所需要的。通常，我们仅仅需要导出DataGrid中的数据。

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System.Web.UI.Control ctl=this.DataGrid1;

//DataGrid1 (you created in the windowForm)

HttpContext.Current.Response.AppendHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename=Excel.xls");

HttpContext.Current.Response.Charset ="UTF-8";     

HttpContext.Current.Response.ContentEncoding = System.Text.Encoding.Default;

HttpContext.Current.Response.ContentType = "application/ms-excel";

ctl.Page.EnableViewState =false;    

System.IO.StringWriter  tw = new System.IO.StringWriter() ;

System.Web.UI.HtmlTextWriter hw = new System.Web.UI.HtmlTextWriter (tw);

ctl.RenderControl(hw);

HttpContext.Current.Response.Write(tw.ToString());

HttpContext.Current.Response.End();

 如果你有多个包含DataGrid 并需导出数据的页面，我们可以封装方法：

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public void DGToExcel(System.Web.UI.Control ctl)   

{ 

   HttpContext.Current.Response.AppendHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename=Excel.xls"); 

   HttpContext.Current.Response.Charset ="UTF-8";     

   HttpContext.Current.Response.ContentEncoding = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8; 

   HttpContext.Current.Response.ContentType ="application/ms-excel";

   ctl.Page.EnableViewState =false;    

   System.IO.StringWriter  tw = new System.IO.StringWriter() ; 

   System.Web.UI.HtmlTextWriter hw = new System.Web.UI.HtmlTextWriter (tw); 

   ctl.RenderControl(hw); 

   HttpContext.Current.Response.Write(tw.ToString()); 

   HttpContext.Current.Response.End(); 

}

调用方法：DGToExcel(datagrid1);

方案3:自动导出Excel数据

使用此方法，你需要 下载免费的.NET组件 ，并使用如下代码（部分）导出数据：

 

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private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

    System.Data.OleDb.OleDbConnection oleDbConnection1 = new System.Data.OleDb.OleDbConnection();

    oleDbConnection1.ConnectionString = @"Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=..\..\..\..\Database\demo.mdb";

  

    System.Data.OleDb.OleDbCommand oleDbCommand1 = new System.Data.OleDb.OleDbCommand();

    oleDbCommand1.CommandText = "select * from parts";

    oleDbCommand1.Connection = oleDbConnection1;

  

    System.Data.OleDb.OleDbCommand oleDbCommand2 = new System.Data.OleDb.OleDbCommand();

    oleDbCommand2.CommandText = "select * from country";

    oleDbCommand2.Connection = oleDbConnection1;

   

　　 Spire.DataExport.Delegates.DataParamsEventHandler(this.cellExport3_GetDataParams);

  

    oleDbConnection1.Open();

    try

    {

        cellExport3.SaveToFile();

    }

    finally

    {

        oleDbConnection1.Close();

    }

}

  

private void cellExport3_GetDataParams

(object sender, Spire.DataExport.EventArgs.DataParamsEventArgs e)

{

    if ((e.Sheet == 0) && (e.Col == 6))

    {

        e.FormatText = (sender as Spire.DataExport.XLS.WorkSheet).ExportCell.DataFormats.Currency;

    }

}

点击这里 下载完整示例代码。

执行上面的代码，你将得到：

 

此方案导出的Excel文件可以直接在Excel 2010 中打开、编辑和修改。虽然一些特定的功能不可用，但它能够被Excel 2010使用。

方案4:从DataSet导出Excel数据

依照上面都的方法，我么能很容易的导出DataSet数据到Excel，我们只需要在页面Response 时将DataSet 表中的数据组装为"ms-excel" 格式的数据，并通过Http发送出去。

注：ds 代表Dataset，用它来填充DataTable，文件名包含后缀，例如：excel2006.xls。

 

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public  void CreateExcel(DataSet ds,string FileName)  

{ 

 HttpResponse resp; 

 resp = Page.Response; 

 resp.ContentEncoding = System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding("UTF-8"); 

 resp.AppendHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename="+FileName);    

 string colHeaders= "", ls_item="";   

 // Define table object and row object, 

 // and at the same time use DataSet initialize value. 

 DataTable dt=ds.Tables[0]; 

 DataRow[] myRow=dt.Select();//dt.Select("id>10")

 Data Filer can be used as: dt.Select("id>10")

        int i=0; 

        int cl=dt.Columns.Count; 

 //Get column titles of each DataTable and divided by "t". Press "enter" after the last column title. 

 for(i=0;i<cl;i++) colheaders+="dt.Columns[i].Caption.ToString()+"t";" 

    for(i="0;i<cl;i++)" if(i="=(cl-1))//(last" +="dt.Columns[i].Caption.ToString()" 

    ls_item+="row[i].ToString()+"t";" />

 

 

 

方案5:从DataView导出Excel数据

如果你想导出不规则的行和列到Excel，你可以使用一下方法

 

public void OutputExcel(DataView dv,string str) 
{ 
   //dv presents data which will be exported to Excel, 
str is the name of title
   GC.Collect(); 
   Application excel;// = new Application(); 
   int rowIndex=4; 
   int colIndex=1; 
   _Workbook xBk; 
   _Worksheet xSt; 
   excel= new ApplicationClass();   
   xBk = excel.Workbooks.Add(true);   
   xSt = (_Worksheet)xBk.ActiveSheet; 
   // 
   // Acquire Title
   // 
   foreach(DataColumn col in dv.Table.Columns) 
   { 
    colIndex++; 
    excel.Cells[4,colIndex] = col.ColumnName; 
    xSt.get_Range(excel.Cells[4,colIndex],excel.Cells
    [4,colIndex]).HorizontalAlignment 
    = XlVAlign.xlVAlignCenter;//Set title format as middle 
   } 

   // 
   //Obtain data from table 
   // 
   foreach(DataRowView row in dv) 
   { 
    rowIndex ++; 
    colIndex = 1; 
    foreach(DataColumn col in dv.Table.Columns) 
    { 
     colIndex ++; 
     if(col.DataType == System.Type.GetType("System.DateTime")) 
     { 
      excel.Cells[rowIndex,colIndex] 
    = (Convert.ToDateTime(row[col.ColumnName].ToString())).ToString("yyyy-MM-dd"); 
      xSt.get_Range(excel.Cells[rowIndex,colIndex],excel.Cells
    [rowIndex,colIndex]).HorizontalAlignment 
    = XlVAlign.xlVAlignCenter;// Set the style as middle 
     } 
     else 
      if(col.DataType == System.Type.GetType("System.String")) 
     { 
      excel.Cells[rowIndex,colIndex] = "'"+row[col.ColumnName].ToString(); 
      xSt.get_Range(excel.Cells[rowIndex,colIndex],excel.Cells
    [rowIndex,colIndex]).HorizontalAlignment = XlVAlign.xlVAlignCenter;
     // Set the style as middle
     } 
     else 
     { 
      excel.Cells[rowIndex,colIndex] = row[col.ColumnName].ToString(); 
     } 
    } 
   } 
   // 
   //load a Aggregate line
   // 
   int rowSum = rowIndex + 1; 
   int colSum = 2; 
   excel.Cells[rowSum,2] = " Aggregate ";
   xSt.get_Range(excel.Cells[rowSum,2],excel.Cells[rowSum,2]).HorizontalAlignment 
    = XlHAlign.xlHAlignCenter; 
   // 
   //Set color for the selected content
   // 
   xSt.get_Range(excel.Cells[rowSum,colSum],excel.Cells[rowSum,colIndex]).Select(); 
   xSt.get_Range(excel.Cells[rowSum,colSum],excel.Cells
    [rowSum,colIndex]).Interior.ColorIndex 
    = 19;//more than 50 types of color for you to choose 
   // 
   //obtain title of the whole excelsheet
   // 
   excel.Cells[2,2] = str; 
   // 
   //Set title format for the whole excelsheet
   // 
   xSt.get_Range(excel.Cells[2,2],excel.Cells[2,2]).Font.Bold = true; 
   xSt.get_Range(excel.Cells[2,2],excel.Cells[2,2]).Font.Size = 22; 
   // 
   //Set fittest width 
   // 
   xSt.get_Range(excel.Cells[4,2],excel.Cells[rowSum,colIndex]).Select(); 
   xSt.get_Range(excel.Cells[4,2],excel.Cells[rowSum,colIndex]).Columns.AutoFit(); 
   // 
   //Set the tile as Cross and Middle 
   // 
   xSt.get_Range(excel.Cells[2,2],excel.Cells[2,colIndex]).Select(); 
   xSt.get_Range(excel.Cells[2,2],excel.Cells[2,colIndex]).HorizontalAlignment 
    = XlHAlign.xlHAlignCenterAcrossSelection; 
   // 
   //Draw borders 
   // 
   xSt.get_Range(excel.Cells[4,2],excel.Cells[rowSum,colIndex]).Borders.LineStyle = 1; 
   xSt.get_Range(excel.Cells[4,2],excel.Cells[rowSum,2]).Borders
   [XlBordersIndex.xlEdgeLeft].Weight
    = XlBorderWeight.xlThick;// Set left line as bold
   xSt.get_Range(excel.Cells[4,2],excel.Cells[4,colIndex]).Borders
[XlBordersIndex.xlEdgeTop].Weight 
= XlBorderWeight.xlThick;// Set upper line as bold
   xSt.get_Range(excel.Cells[4,colIndex],excel.Cells[rowSum,colIndex]).Borders
[XlBordersIndex.xlEdgeRight].Weight = XlBorderWeight.xlThick;//Set right line as bold
   xSt.get_Range(excel.Cells[rowSum,2],excel.Cells[rowSum,colIndex]).Borders
[XlBordersIndex.xlEdgeBottom].Weight = XlBorderWeight.xlThick;//Set bottom line as bold
   // 
   //Display effect 
   // 
   excel.Visible=true; 
   //xSt.Export(Server.MapPath(".")+"); 
   xBk.SaveCopyAs(Server.MapPath(".")+""); 
   ds = null; 
            xBk.Close(false, null,null);   
            excel.Quit(); 
            System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(xBk); 
            System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(excel); 
    System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(xSt); 
            xBk = null; 
            excel = null; 
   xSt = null; 
            GC.Collect(); 
   string path = Server.MapPath(this.xlfile.Text+".xls"); 
   System.IO.FileInfo file = new System.IO.FileInfo(path); 
   Response.Clear(); 
   Response.Charset="UTF-8"; 
   Response.ContentEncoding=System.Text.Encoding.UTF8; 
   //Add header, give a default file name for "File Download/Store as"
   Response.AddHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename="
 + Server.UrlEncode(file.Name)); 
   //Add header, set file size to enable browser display download progress
   Response.AddHeader("Content-Length", file.Length.ToString());    
   //Set the return string is unavailable reading for client, and must be downloaded
   Response.ContentType = "application/ms-excel";  
   //Send file string to client 
   Response.WriteFile(file.FullName); 
   //Stop execute  
   Response.End(); 
} 

 

 

 

两种 WinForms 导出Excel 数据的解决方案

方案6:

SqlConnection conn=new SqlConnection
(System.Configuration.ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["conn"]); 
   SqlDataAdapter da=new SqlDataAdapter("select * from tb1",conn); 
   DataSet ds=new DataSet(); 
   da.Fill(ds,"table1"); 
   DataTable dt=ds.Tables["table1"]; 
   string downloadurl"].ToString()+DateTime.Today.ToString
("yyyyMMdd")+new Random(DateTime.Now.Millisecond).Next
(10000).ToString()+".csv";//Store the path of downloadurl 
in web.config and the format should be set as "date + 4 random number "
   FileStream fs=new FileStream(name,FileMode.Create,FileAccess.Write); 
   StreamWriter sw=new StreamWriter
(fs,System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding("utf-8"));("utf-8") 
   sw.WriteLine("Auto number, name, age");
   foreach(DataRow dr in dt.Rows) 
   { 
    sw.WriteLine(dr["ID"]+","+dr["vName"]+","+dr["iAge"]); 
   } 
   sw.Close(); 
   Response.AddHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment; 
filename=" + Server.UrlEncode(name)); 
   Response.ContentType = "application/ms-excel";
//Set the return string is unavailable reading for client, and must be downloaded
 
   Response.WriteFile(name); //Send file string to client
   Response.End();

public void Out2Excel(string sTableName,string url)
{
Excel.Application oExcel=new Excel.Application();
Workbooks oBooks;
Workbook oBook;
Sheets oSheets;
Worksheet oSheet;
Range oCells;
string sFile="",sTemplate="";
//
System.Data.DataTable dt=TableOut(sTableName).Tables[0];

sFile=url+"myExcel.xls";
sTemplate=url+"MyTemplate.xls";
//
oExcel.Visible=false;
oExcel.DisplayAlerts=false;
//define a new workbook
oBooks=oExcel.Workbooks;
oBooks.Open(sTemplate,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing.
Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing,
Type.Missing,Type.Missing,Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing);
oBook=oBooks.get_Item(1);
oSheets=oBook.Worksheets;
oSheet=(Worksheet)oSheets.get_Item(1);
//Give the sheet a name
oSheet.Name="Sheet1";

oCells=oSheet.Cells;
//Call dumpdata process and export to Excel

DumpData(dt,oCells);
//Store
oSheet.SaveAs(sFile,Excel.XlFileFormat.xlTemplate,Type.Missing,
Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Excel.XlSaveAsAccessMode.xlNoChange, 
Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing);
oBook.Close(false, Type.Missing,Type.Missing);
//Exit Excel and free invoking COM resource
oExcel.Quit();
GC.Collect();
KillProcess("Excel");
}
private void KillProcess(string processName)
{
System.Diagnostics.Process myproc= new System.Diagnostics.Process();
//get all opened progresses
try
{
foreach (Process thisproc in Process.GetProcessesByName(processName))
{
if(!thisproc.CloseMainWindow())
{
thisproc.Kill();
}
}
}
catch(Exception Exc)
{
throw new Exception("",Exc);
}
}

 

方案7:

protected void ExportExcel()
  {
   gridbind(); 
   if(ds1==null) return; 
  
   string saveFileName="";
//   bool fileSaved=false;
   SaveFileDialog saveDialog=new SaveFileDialog();
   saveDialog.DefaultExt ="xls";
   saveDialog.Filter="Excel File|*.xls";
   saveDialog.FileName ="Sheet1";
   saveDialog.ShowDialog();
   saveFileName=saveDialog.FileName;
   if(saveFileName.IndexOf(":")<0) return; // Cancelled
//excelapp.Workbooks.Open   (App.path & Progress table.xls) 

   Excel.Application xlApp=new Excel.Application();
   object missing=System.Reflection.Missing.Value; 
  
    if(xlApp==null)
   {
    MessageBox.Show("Create Excel object failed, maybe you dont install Excel ");
    return;
   }
   Excel.Workbooks workbooks=xlApp.Workbooks;
   Excel.Workbook workbook=workbooks.Add(Excel.XlWBATemplate.xlWBATWorksheet);
   Excel.Worksheet worksheet=(Excel.Worksheet)workbook.Worksheets[1];// Get sheet1
   Excel.Range range;
  
   string oldCaption=Title_label .Text.Trim ();
   long totalCount=ds1.Tables[0].Rows.Count;
   long rowRead=0;
   float percent=0; 
  
   worksheet.Cells[1,1]=Title_label .Text.Trim ();
   //Write text
   for(int i=0;i<ds1.tables[0].columns.count;i++) 
    worksheet.cells[2,i+1]="ds1.Tables[0].Columns.ColumnName;" 

    range.interior.colorindex="15;" range.font.bold="true;" 
    .visible="true;" r="0;r<ds1.Tables[0].Rows.Count;r++)" 
    i="0;i<ds1.Tables[0].Columns.Count;i++)" 
    worksheet.cells[r+3,i+1]="ds1.Tables[0].Rows[r];" 
    percent="((float)(100*rowRead))/totalCount;" this.caption.visible="false;" 
    this.caption.text=" Exporting Data [" range="(Excel.Range)worksheet.Cells
    [2,i+1];" range.borders[excel.xlbordersindex.xlinsidehorizontal].colorindex=
    "Excel.XlColorIndex.xlColorIndexAutomatic;" 
    range.borders[excel.xlbordersindex.xlinsidehorizontal].linestyle=
    "Excel.XlLineStyle.xlContinuous;" 
    range.borders[excel.xlbordersindex.xlinsidehorizontal].weight=
    "Excel.XlBorderWeight.xlThin;">1)
   {
    range.Borders[Excel.XlBordersIndex.xlInsideVertical].ColorIndex
=Excel.XlColorIndex.xlColorIndexAutomatic;
    }
   workbook.Close(missing,missing,missing);
   xlApp.Quit();
}

方案8 (from Cipherlad):

使用DataSet 的GetXml方法，并且使用XSLT将XML转化为标准的Excel格式，你可以使用不同样式模版对应不容版本的Excel，甚至可以用于导出其它文档。

方案9 (from Sergelp):

 使用 OOXML 格式的开源库：http://simpleooxml.codeplex.com/

这是一个非常便捷的库，它包含多种格式、字体、颜色订制，你也不需要安装Excel软件，你可以在服务端创建Excel，然后实现下载，如下代码所示：

Dim ms As MemoryStream = ArticleDAL.GetStreamFromDataSet()
Response.Clear()
Response.AddHeader("content-disposition", String.Format("attachment;filename={0}", strFile))
Response.ContentType = "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet"
ms.WriteTo(Response.OutputStream)
Response.End()