.Net中多线程类的使用和总结
2017-06-04 17:03 Dirichlet 阅读(928) 评论(0) 编辑 收藏 举报lock, Monitor, Thread, Join, BackGroundWorker. 消费者和生产者。Async 委托Invoke
TypeHandle中BlockIndex。
http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/ms173179(v=vs.80).aspx
a. lock相当于 Monitor.Enter, Monitor.Exit. 必须lock引用类型对象。
不能lock公共对象,否则实例将超出代码的控制范围,容易引发死锁。 常见的结构 lock (this)、lock (typeof (MyType)) 和 lock ("myLock") 违反此准则:
对于一段代码锁住a,等待b,另一段代码锁住b,等待a,就会产生死锁
lock(thisLock) { if (balance >= amount) { Console.WriteLine("Balance before Withdrawal : " + balance); Console.WriteLine("Amount to Withdraw : -" + amount); balance = balance - amount; Console.WriteLine("Balance after Withdrawal : " + balance); return amount; } else { return 0; // transaction rejected } }
lock相当于如下:
if(Monitor.TryEnter(m_inputQueue)) { try { m_inputQueue.Enqueue(qValue); } finally { Monitor.Exit(m_inputQueue); } }
Monitor.Enter(x); try { // Code that needs to be protected by the monitor. } finally { // Always use Finally to ensure that you exit the Monitor. // The following line creates another object containing // the value of x, and throws SynchronizationLockException // because the two objects do not match. Monitor.Exit(x); }
b. volatile关键字
注意下面的private volatile bool _shouldStop; 加volatitle修饰后可以保证多个线程可以安全的访问此bool变量,这里的用bool表示状态是不需要同步的,并不是volatile保证了其原子性,
而仅仅是因为他是个简单的bool型变量。votitle本身并不能保证绝对的原子性,如果volatile修饰的是复杂一些结构体,类对象,如果不使用线程同步,会产生非预期的中间状态数据。
using System; using System.Threading; public class Worker { // This method will be called when the thread is started. public void DoWork() { while (!_shouldStop) { Console.WriteLine("worker thread: working..."); } Console.WriteLine("worker thread: terminating gracefully."); } public void RequestStop() { _shouldStop = true; } // Volatile is used as hint to the compiler that this data // member will be accessed by multiple threads. private volatile bool _shouldStop; } public class WorkerThreadExample { static void Main() { // Create the thread object. This does not start the thread. Worker workerObject = new Worker(); Thread workerThread = new Thread(workerObject.DoWork); // Start the worker thread. workerThread.Start(); Console.WriteLine("main thread: Starting worker thread..."); // Loop until worker thread activates. while (!workerThread.IsAlive); // Put the main thread to sleep for 1 millisecond to // allow the worker thread to do some work: Thread.Sleep(1); // Request that the worker thread stop itself: workerObject.RequestStop(); // Use the Join method to block the current thread // until the object's thread terminates. workerThread.Join(); Console.WriteLine("main thread: Worker thread has terminated."); } }
b. ManualResetEvent
doneEvents[i] = new ManualResetEvent(false); // 1. Set event. Raise singal doneEvents[i].Set(); // 2. Wait the signal until all the events raise the singal. WaitHandle.WaitAll(doneEvents);
AutoResetEvent,
c. ThreadPool线程池
后台执行任务的线程集合,多用于服务器等需要多个线程的场合。为每个请求分配一个线程来执行请求,执行完请求后线程返回到队列等待再次被使用,
避免了每个任务创建/销毁新线程的开销。如果请求过来之后没有可用的线程需要进队列排队。
http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/3dasc8as(v=vs.90).aspx
using System; using System.Threading; public class Fibonacci { public Fibonacci(int n, ManualResetEvent doneEvent) { _n = n; _doneEvent = doneEvent; } // Wrapper method for use with thread pool. public void ThreadPoolCallback(Object threadContext) { int threadIndex = (int)threadContext; Console.WriteLine("thread {0} started...", threadIndex); _fibOfN = Calculate(_n); Console.WriteLine("thread {0} result calculated...", threadIndex); _doneEvent.Set(); } // Recursive method that calculates the Nth Fibonacci number. public int Calculate(int n) { if (n <= 1) { return n; } return Calculate(n - 1) + Calculate(n - 2); } public int N { get { return _n; } } private int _n; public int FibOfN { get { return _fibOfN; } } private int _fibOfN; private ManualResetEvent _doneEvent; } public class ThreadPoolExample { static void Main() { const int FibonacciCalculations = 10; // One event is used for each Fibonacci object ManualResetEvent[] doneEvents = new ManualResetEvent[FibonacciCalculations]; Fibonacci[] fibArray = new Fibonacci[FibonacciCalculations]; Random r = new Random(); // Configure and launch threads using ThreadPool: Console.WriteLine("launching {0} tasks...", FibonacciCalculations); for (int i = 0; i < FibonacciCalculations; i++) { doneEvents[i] = new ManualResetEvent(false); Fibonacci f = new Fibonacci(r.Next(20,40), doneEvents[i]); fibArray[i] = f; ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(f.ThreadPoolCallback, i); } // Wait for all threads in pool to calculation... WaitHandle.WaitAll(doneEvents); Console.WriteLine("All calculations are complete."); // Display the results... for (int i= 0; i<FibonacciCalculations; i++) { Fibonacci f = fibArray[i]; Console.WriteLine("Fibonacci({0}) = {1}", f.N, f.FibOfN); } } }
e. AutoResetEvent