[WPF] 在单元测试中使用 Prism 的 EventAggregator,订阅到 ThreadOption.UIThread 会报错

1. 问题

[TestClass]
public class UnitTest1
{
    [TestMethod]
    public void TestMethod1()
    {
        ContainerLocator.Container.Resolve<TestViewModel>();
    }
}

public class TestViewModel
{
    public TestViewModel(IEventAggregator eventAggregator)
    {
        var testEvent = eventAggregator.GetEvent<TestEvent>();
        testEvent.Subscribe(() => { }, ThreadOption.UIThread);
    }
}

public class TestEvent : PubSubEvent
{

}

上面是一段使用了 Prism 的单元测试,它主要的逻辑是在 EventAggregator 中订阅了 TestEvent,当接收到消息后在 UI 线程上执行后续的逻辑。这种代码在正常程序中没有问题,但在单元测试中会报错:

System.InvalidOperationException: To use the UIThread option for subscribing, the EventAggregator must be constructed on the UI thread.

2. 原因

翻翻源码,可以发现这个 Exception 在 PubSubEventSubscribe 函数中抛出:

switch (threadOption)
{
    case ThreadOption.PublisherThread:
        subscription = new EventSubscription(actionReference);
        break;
    case ThreadOption.BackgroundThread:
        subscription = new BackgroundEventSubscription(actionReference);
        break;
    case ThreadOption.UIThread:
        if (SynchronizationContext == null) throw new InvalidOperationException(Resources.EventAggregatorNotConstructedOnUIThread);
        subscription = new DispatcherEventSubscription(actionReference, SynchronizationContext);
        break;
    default:
        subscription = new EventSubscription(actionReference);
        break;

SynchronizationContext 为 null 时就会判断当前不在 UI 线程,然后抛出 Exception。而 SynchronizationContext 又是在 EventAggregator 中赋值:

private readonly SynchronizationContext syncContext = SynchronizationContext.Current;

public TEventType GetEvent<TEventType>() where TEventType : EventBase, new()
{
    lock (events)
    {
        EventBase existingEvent = null;

        if (!events.TryGetValue(typeof(TEventType), out existingEvent))
        {
            TEventType newEvent = new TEventType();
            newEvent.SynchronizationContext = syncContext;
            events[typeof(TEventType)] = newEvent;

            return newEvent;
        }
        else
        {
            return (TEventType)existingEvent;
        }
    }
}

问题就出在 SynchronizationContext.Current 这里。这个属性用于获取当前线程的同步上下文。不是每一个线程都有一个 SynchronizationContext 对象。一个总是有 SynchronizationContext 对象的是UI线程。由于单元测试并不是运行在 UI 线程,所以这个属性在单元测试中一直为 null。

3. 解决方案

现在我们知道问题原因了,解决方案也很简单,只要自定义一个 EventAggregator,源码全部照抄,但是把这句:

private readonly SynchronizationContext syncContext = SynchronizationContext.Current;

替换成这句:

private readonly SynchronizationContext syncContext = new SynchronizationContext();

就不会出现 PubSubEvent 中 SynchronizationContext 等于 null 的情况了。然后再把这个类注册到容器中作为 IEventAggregator:

ContainerLocator.Current.RegisterSingleton<IEventAggregator, MyEventAggregator>();

4. 最后

根据单元测试项目的结构,容器的初始化会有不同的方式,如果想尽量模仿 PrismApplication 的话可以参考 PrismApplicationBasePrismInitializationExtensions 写一个初始化类,大概差不多这样(简化了部分代码):

[TestClass]
public abstract class TestInitializerBase
{
    public void Initialize()
    {
        ContainerLocator.SetContainerExtension(() => new UnityContainerExtension());
        ContainerExtension = ContainerLocator.Current;

        ContainerExtension.RegisterSingleton<IDialogService, DialogService>();
        ContainerExtension.RegisterSingleton<IModuleInitializer, ModuleInitializer>();
        ContainerExtension.RegisterSingleton<IModuleManager, ModuleManager>();
        ContainerExtension.RegisterSingleton<RegionAdapterMappings>();
        ContainerExtension.RegisterSingleton<IRegionManager, RegionManager>();
        ContainerExtension.RegisterSingleton<IRegionNavigationContentLoader, RegionNavigationContentLoader>();

        ContainerExtension.RegisterSingleton<IEventAggregator, EventAggregator>();

        ContainerExtension.RegisterSingleton<IRegionViewRegistry, RegionViewRegistry>();
        ContainerExtension.RegisterSingleton<IRegionBehaviorFactory, RegionBehaviorFactory>();
        ContainerExtension.Register<IRegionNavigationJournalEntry, RegionNavigationJournalEntry>();
        ContainerExtension.Register<IRegionNavigationJournal, RegionNavigationJournal>();
        ContainerExtension.Register<IRegionNavigationService, RegionNavigationService>();

      
        RegisterRequiredTypes(ContainerExtension);

    }

    public IContainerExtension ContainerExtension { get; private set; }

    protected abstract void RegisterRequiredTypes(IContainerRegistry containerRegistry);
}

public class TestInitializer : TestInitializerBase
{
    [AssemblyInitialize]
    public static void InitializeAseemble(TestContext testContext)
    {
        var testInitializer = new TestInitializer();
        testInitializer.Initialize();
    }

    protected override void RegisterRequiredTypes(IContainerRegistry containerRegistry)
    {
        containerRegistry.RegisterSingleton<IEventAggregator, MyEventAggregator>();
    }
}

这样在 TestInitializer 中可以注册各种方便单元测试的伪对象。

posted @ 2021-01-20 09:02  dino.c  阅读(858)  评论(4编辑  收藏  举报