nginx配置SSL实现服务器/客户端双向认证
http://blog.csdn.net/kunoy/article/details/8239653
本人不才,配置了两天,终于搞出来了,结合网上诸多博文,特此总结一下!
配置环境:
Ubuntu 11.04
PCRE 8.31
Openssl 2.0.2
Nginx 1.2.5
为了确保能在 nginx中使用正则表达式进行更灵活的配置,安装之前需要确定系统是否安装有 PCRE(Perl Compatible Regular Expressions)包。可以到ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/ 下载最新的 PCRE 源码包,使用下面命令下载编译和安装 PCRE 包:
- # wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.31.tar.bz2
- # tar jxvf pcre-8.31.tar.bz2
- # cd pcre-8.31
- # ./configure –enable-utf8
- # make
- # make install
openssl为开源软件,在Linux(或UNIX/Cygwin)下创建一个简单的CA。我们可以利用这个CA进行PKI、数字证书相关的测试。比如,在测试用Tomcat或Apache构建HTTPS双向认证时,我们可以利用自己建立的测试CA来为服务器端颁发服务器数字证书,为客户端(浏览器)生成文件形式的数字证书(可以同时利用openssl生成客户端私钥),安装方法和上面类似。
下面重点说说nginx的安装方法:
下载最新稳定版本1.2.5,使用命令:
- # tar zxvf nginx-1.2.5.tar.gz
- # cd nginx-1.2.5
- # ./configure
- --prefix=/usr
- --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx
- --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
- --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log
- --pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid
- --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock
- --user=www-nginx
- --group=www
- --with-http_ssl_module
- --with-http_stub_status_module
- --with-http_flv_module
- --with-http_gzip_static_module
- --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log
- --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client/
- --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/
- --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/
- # 简单安装 ./configure --prefix=/opt/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
- # make
- # make install
注意:在使用"--prefix"等配置项时,前面是两横"--",而不是"-",这里有些博文根本没注意到,害得我晕了半天。
--with-http_stub_status_module 是为了启用 nginx 的 NginxStatus 功能,用来监控 nginx 的当前状态。
--with-http_ssl_module 启用http_ssl模块
--with-ipv6 支持ipv6
安装成功后 /opt/nginx 目录下有四个子目录分别是:conf、html、logs、sbin 。其中 nginx 的配置文件存放于 conf/nginx.conf,nginx 只有一个程序文件位于 sbin 目录下。确保系统的 80 端口没被其他程序占用,运行 sbin/./nginx 命令来启动 Nginx,打开浏览器访问此机器的 IP,如果浏览器出现 Welcome to nginx! 则表示 nginx 已经安装并运行成功。
注:此处采用sbin/./nginx命令启动是因为我这里如果用网上说的sbin/nginx启动的话,根本启动不了,而且会出现安装nginx的提示,很怪!
使用openssl制作证书:
1、服务器单向验证
创建并进入sslkey存放目录
# mkdir /opt/nginx/sslkey
# cd /opt/nginx/sslkey
①、生成RSA密钥:
# openssl genrsa -out key.pem 2048
②、生成一个证书请求
# openssl req -new -key key.pem -out cert.csr
# //会提示输入省份、城市、域名信息等,重要的是,email 一定要是你的域名后缀的你可以拿着这个文件去数字证书颁发机构(即CA)申请一个数字证书。CA会给你一个新的文件cacert.pem,那才是你的数字证书。
如果是自己做测试,就可以用下面这个命令来生成证书:
# openssl req -new -x509 -nodes -out server.crt -keyout server.key
③、修改 nginx 配置
- # HTTPS server
- #
- server {
- listen 443;
- server_name localhost;
- ssl on;
- ssl_certificate /opt/nginx/sslkey/server.crt;
- ssl_certificate_key /opt/nginx/sslkey/server.key;
- ssl_session_timeout 5m;
- ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;
- ssl_ciphers ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP;
- ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
- location / {
- root /home/workspace/;
- index index.asp index.aspx;
- }
- }
配置好后,重启nginx,采用 https打开网站,浏览器会提示证书错误,点击继续浏览即可。
2、服务器-客户端双向验证
在nginx 目录下建立ca文件夹,进入ca。
# mkdir newcerts private conf server。
其中newcerts子目录将存放CA签署(颁发)过的数字证书(证书备份目录)。而private目录用于存放CA的私钥。目录conf只是用于存放一些简化参数
用的配置文件,server存放服务器证书文件。
①、在conf目录创建文件openssl.conf配置文件,内容如下:
- [ ca ]
- default_ca = foo # The default ca section
- [ foo ]
- dir = /opt/nginx/ca # top dir
- database = /opt/nginx/ca/index.txt # index file.
- new_certs_dir = /opt/nginx/ca/newcerts # new certs dir
- certificate = /opt/nginx/ca/private/ca.crt # The CA cert
- serial = /opt/nginx/ca/serial # serial no file
- private_key = /opt/nginx/ca/private/ca.key # CA private key
- RANDFILE =/opt/nginx/ca/private/.rand # random number file
- default_days = 365 # how long to certify for
- default_crl_days= 30 # how long before next CRL
- default_md = md5 # message digest method to use
- unique_subject = no # Set to 'no' to allow creation of
- # several ctificates with same subject.
- policy = policy_any # default policy
- [ policy_any ]
- countryName = match
- stateOrProvinceName = match
- organizationName = match
- organizationalUnitName = match
- localityName = optional
- commonName = supplied
- emailAddress = optional
注:你也可以直接修改openssl的配置文件,这样的话后面制作证书的代码中就不用引用这个配置文件了。
②、使用脚本创建证书
下面的几个脚本都放在/nginx/ca/目录下。
创建一个新的CA根证书。
new_ca.sh:
- #!/bin/sh
- # Generate the key.
- openssl genrsa -out private/ca.key
- # Generate a certificate request.
- openssl req -new -key private/ca.key -out private/ca.csr
- # Self signing key is bad... this could work with a third party signed key... registeryfly has them on for $16 but I'm too cheap lazy to get one on a lark.
- # I'm also not 100% sure if any old certificate will work or if you have to buy a special one that you can sign with. I could investigate further but since this
- # service will never see the light of an unencrypted Internet see the cheap and lazy remark.
- # So self sign our root key.
- openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in private/ca.csr -signkey private/ca.key -out private/ca.crt
- # Setup the first serial number for our keys... can be any 4 digit hex string... not sure if there are broader bounds but everything I've seen uses 4 digits.
- echo FACE > serial
- # Create the CA's key database.
- touch index.txt
- # Create a Certificate Revocation list for removing 'user certificates.'
- openssl ca -gencrl -out /opt/nginx/ca/private/ca.crl -crldays 7 -config "/opt/nginx/ca/conf/openssl.conf"
执行 sh new_ca.sh生成新的CA证书。
生成服务器证书的脚本。
new_server.sh:
- # Create us a key. Don't bother putting a password on it since you will need it to start apache. If you have a better work around I'd love to hear it.
- openssl genrsa -out server/server.key
- # Take our key and create a Certificate Signing Request for it.
- openssl req -new -key server/server.key -out server/server.csr
- # Sign this bastard key with our bastard CA key.
- openssl ca -in server/server.csr -cert private/ca.crt -keyfile private/ca.key -out server/server.crt -config "/opt/nginx/ca/conf/openssl.conf"
执行 sh new_server.sh生成新服务器的证书
配置 nginx的ssl支持:
- #user www-nginx;
- worker_processes 1;
- #error_log logs/error.log;
- #error_log logs/error.log notice;
- #error_log logs/error.log info;
- #pid logs/nginx.pid;
- events {
- worker_connections 1024;
- }
- http {
- include mime.types;
- default_type application/octet-stream;
- sendfile on;
- keepalive_timeout 65;
- #gzip on;
- # HTTPS server
- #
- server {
- listen 443;
- server_name localhost;
- ssi on;
- ssi_silent_errors on;
- ssi_types text/shtml;
- ssl on;
- ssl_certificate /opt/nginx/ca/server/server.crt;
- ssl_certificate_key /opt/nginx/ca/server/server.key;
- ssl_client_certificate /opt/nginx/ca/private/ca.crt;
- ssl_session_timeout 5m;
- ssl_verify_client on; #开户客户端证书验证
- ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;
- ssl_ciphers ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP;
- ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
- location / {
- root /home/workspace/;
- index index.asp index.aspx;
- }
- }
- }
启动nginx ,等待客户连接,如果此时连接服务器,将提示400 Bad request certification的错误,故还需要生成客户端证书。
new_user.sh:
- #!/bin/sh
- # The base of where our SSL stuff lives.
- base="/opt/nginx/ca"
- # Were we would like to store keys... in this case we take the username given to us and store everything there.
- mkdir -p $base/users/
- # Let's create us a key for this user... yeah not sure why people want to use DES3 but at least let's make us a nice big key.
- openssl genrsa -des3 -out $base/users/client.key 1024
- # Create a Certificate Signing Request for said key.
- openssl req -new -key $base/users/client.key -out $base/users/client.csr
- # Sign the key with our CA's key and cert and create the user's certificate out of it.
- openssl ca -in $base/users/client.csr -cert $base/private/ca.crt -keyfile $base/private/ca.key -out $base/users/client.crt -config "/opt/nginx/ca/conf/openssl.conf"
- # This is the tricky bit... convert the certificate into a form that most browsers will understand PKCS12 to be specific.
- # The export password is the password used for the browser to extract the bits it needs and insert the key into the user's keychain.
- # Take the same precaution with the export password that would take with any other password based authentication scheme.
- openssl pkcs12 -export -clcerts -in $base/users/client.crt -inkey $base/users/client.key -out $base/users/client.p12
执行 shnew_user.sh生成一个 client证书。
按照提示一步一步来,这里要注意的是客户证书的几个项目要和根证书匹配。
也就是前面配置的:
countryName = match
stateOrProvinceName = match
organizationName = match
organizationalUnitName = match
不一致的话无法生成最后的客户证书,证书生成后,客户端导入证书浏览器,即可打开网站。
注意事项:
1、制作证书时会提示输入密码,服务器证书和客户端证书密码可以不相同。
2、服务器证书和客户端证书制作时提示输入省份、城市、域名信息等,需保持一致。
3、Nginx默认未开启SSI,上面配置已开启。
4、Nginx不能自启动,需要如下配置:
- cd /etc/init.d
- sudo touch nginx
- sudo chmod +x nginx
nginx内容:
- #! /bin/sh
- #
- ### BEGIN INIT INFO
- # Provides: nginx
- # Required-Start: $syslog $local_fs $remote_fs
- # Required-Stop: $syslog $local_fs $remote_fs
- # Should-Start: dbus avahi
- # Should-Stop: dbus avahi
- # Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
- # Default-Stop: 1
- # Short-Description: Nginx Server
- # Description: Nginx
- ### END INIT INFO
- PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/opt/nginx/sbin
- DAEMON=/opt/nginx/sbin/nginx
- NAME=nginx
- DESC="Nginx Server"
- PID_FILE=/opt/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
- test -x $DAEMON || exit 0
- RUN=yes
- #RUN_AS_USER=root
- #DAEMON_OPTS="-a $RUN_AS_USER"
- set -e
- case "$1" in
- start)
- echo -n "Starting $DESC: "
- start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PID_FILE \
- --exec $DAEMON
- echo "$NAME."
- ;;
- stop)
- echo -n "Stopping $DESC: "
- start-stop-daemon --stop --oknodo --quiet --pidfile $PID_FILE \
- --exec $DAEMON
- echo "$NAME."
- ;;
- force-reload)
- # check whether $DAEMON is running. If so, restart
- start-stop-daemon --stop --test --quiet --pidfile \
- $PID_FILE --exec $DAEMON \
- && $0 restart \
- || exit 0
- ;;
- restart)
- echo -n "Restarting $DESC: "
- start-stop-daemon --stop --oknodo --quiet --pidfile \
- $PID_FILE --exec $DAEMON
- sleep 1
- start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile \
- $PID_FILE --exec $DAEMON
- echo "$NAME."
- ;;
- status)
- if [ -s $PID_FILE ]; then
- RUNNING=$(cat $PID_FILE)
- if [ -d /proc/$RUNNING ]; then
- if [ $(readlink /proc/$RUNNING/exe) = $DAEMON ]; then
- echo "$NAME is running."
- exit 0
- fi
- fi
- # No such PID, or executables don't match
- echo "$NAME is not running, but pidfile existed."
- rm $PID_FILE
- exit 1
- else
- rm -f $PID_FILE
- echo "$NAME not running."
- exit 1
- fi
- ;;
- *)
- N=/etc/init.d/$NAME
- echo "Usage: $N {start|stop|restart|force-reload}" >&2
- exit 1
- ;;
- esac
- exit 0
设置自启动:
- sudo chkconfig --list nginx
- sudo chkconfig nginx on
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