Docker 安装和使用

参考文档

https://yeasy.gitbook.io/docker_practice/install/centos
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41822345/article/details/107123141
https://www.exception.site/docker
docker 实战
https://yeasy.gitbook.io/docker_practice/

windows 安装 docker
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43411585/article/details/128107359

安装引擎-CentOS

https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/centos/#install-from-a-package

卸载旧docker

#1.卸载旧版本
yum remove docker \
                  docker-client \
                  docker-client-latest \
                  docker-common \
                  docker-latest \
                  docker-latest-logrotate \
                  docker-logrotate \
                  docker-engine

从rpm 存储库安装

#2.安装依赖包
yum install -y yum-utils
#3.1 在线安装

推荐使用国内的
yum-config-manager \
    --add-repo \
    https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo



# 3.2 从 rpm 包安装
下载对应的rpm 包
https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/

上传到服务器

 安装
 rpm -ivh [包名]
 或者 yum install xxx.rpm


# 启动
systemctl start docker
# 开机自启
systemctl enable docker

#6. 使用docker version查看是否安装成功
docker version
#7. 测试
docker run hello-world

安装指定 版本

#查看可用版本
yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r

安装指定版本
yum install docker-ce-19.03.9

rpm 离线安装

下载 rpm 包上传到服务器
https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/ 

# 将下面路径改为 docker 包的路径

yum install /path/to/package.rpm

安装 docker compose

compose 是一种容器管理技术,一键启动。
https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/compose-plugin/#installing-compose-on-linux-systems

下载安装包
https://github.com/docker/compose
把安装包上传到 /usr/local/bin 目录
重命名文件
mv docker-compose-linux-x86_64 docker-compose
设置二进制文件的权限
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
测试,查看版本
docker-compose --version

参考:
https://blog.csdn.net/hanxiaotongtong/article/details/125477514
https://www.cnblogs.com/ludangxin/p/15097035.html
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41779565/article/details/126373801

卸载

#1. 卸载依赖
yum remove docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
#2. 删除资源
rm -rf /var/lib/docker
# /var/lib/docker 是docker的默认工作路径!

更换镜像源

https://www.cnblogs.com/nhdlb/p/12567154.html

创建目录
mkdir -p /etc/docker
创建 /etc/docker/daemon.json 文件

{
  "registry-mirrors": [
    "https://registry.docker-cn.com",
    "http://hub-mirror.c.163.com",
    "https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn"
  ]
}

重载配置
systemctl reload docker
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43584835/article/details/108192859
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_39816740/article/details/111180884
image (3).png

命令

帮助

docker version    #显示docker的版本信息。
docker info       #显示docker的系统信息,包括镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令 --help #帮助命令
#帮助文档的地址:https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/build/

镜像

docker images #查看所有本地主机上的镜像 可以使用docker image ls代替
docker search 搜索镜像
docker pull 下载镜像 docker image pull
docker rmi 删除镜像 docker image rm

docker images 查看本地镜像

➜  ~ docker images
REPOSITORY            TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
mysql                 5.7                 e73346bdf465        24 hours ago        448MB
# 解释
#REPOSITORY			# 镜像的仓库源
#TAG				# 镜像的标签
#IMAGE ID			# 镜像的id
#CREATED			# 镜像的创建时间
#SIZE				# 镜像的大小
# 可选项
Options:
  -a, --all             Show all images (default hides intermediate images) #列出所有镜像
  -q, --quiet           Only show numeric IDs # 只显示镜像的id
  
➜  ~ docker images -aq #显示所有镜像的id
e73346bdf465
d03312117bb0
d03312117bb0
602e111c06b6
2869fc110bf7
470671670cac
bf756fb1ae65
5acf0e8da90b

docker pull 拉取镜像

# 下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
➜  ~ docker pull tomcat:8
8: Pulling from library/tomcat #如果不写tag,默认就是latest
90fe46dd8199: Already exists   #分层下载: docker image 的核心 联合文件系统
35a4f1977689: Already exists 
bbc37f14aded: Already exists 
74e27dc593d4: Already exists 
93a01fbfad7f: Already exists 
1478df405869: Pull complete 
64f0dd11682b: Pull complete 
68ff4e050d11: Pull complete 
f576086003cf: Pull complete 
3b72593ce10e: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:0c6234e7ec9d10ab32c06423ab829b32e3183ba5bf2620ee66de866df640a027  # 签名 防伪
Status: Downloaded newer image for tomcat:8
docker.io/library/tomcat:8 #真实地址

#等价于
docker pull tomcat:8
docker pull docker.io/library/tomcat:8

docker rmi 删除镜像

➜  ~ docker rmi -f 镜像id #删除指定的镜像
➜  ~ docker rmi -f 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id#删除指定的镜像
➜  ~ docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) #删除全部的镜像

查看镜像或容器元信息

docker inspect : 容器/镜像的id或name。
docker inspect [OPTIONS] NAME|ID [NAME|ID...]
OPTIONS说明:
-f :指定返回值的模板文件。
-s :显示总的文件大小。
--type :为指定类型返回JSON。

容器

参考:
https://www.runoob.com/docker/docker-container-usage.html

docker run    镜像id 新建容器并启动
docker ps     列出运行的容器
docker ps -a  列出所有容器
docker rm     容器id 删除指定容器
docker start  容器id #启动容器
docker restart容器id #重启容器
docker stop   容器id #停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill   容器id #强制停止当前容器

说明:我们有了镜像才可以创建容器,Linux,下载centos镜像来学习

➜  ~ docker container   
Usage:  docker container COMMAND
Manage containers
Commands:
  attach      Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
  commit      Create a new image from a container's changes
  cp          Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
  create      Create a new container
  diff        Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
  exec        Run a command in a running container
  export      Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
  inspect     Display detailed information on one or more containers
  kill        Kill one or more running containers
  logs        Fetch the logs of a container
  ls          List containers
  pause       Pause all processes within one or more containers
  port        List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
  prune       Remove all stopped containers
  rename      Rename a container
  restart     Restart one or more containers
  rm          Remove one or more containers
  run         Run a command in a new container
  start       Start one or more stopped containers
  stats       Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
  stop        Stop one or more running containers
  top         Display the running processes of a container
  unpause     Unpause all processes within one or more containers
  update      Update configuration of one or more containers
  wait        Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes
Run 'docker container COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.

新建容器并启动

docker run [可选参数] image | docker container run [可选参数] image 
#参书说明
--name="Name"		容器名字 tomcat01 tomcat02 用来区分容器
-d					后台运行
-it 				打开终端交互
-p					指定容器的端口 -p 8080(宿主机):8080(容器)
		-p ip:主机端口:容器端口
		-p 主机端口:容器端口(常用)
		-p 容器端口
		容器端口
-P(大写) 				随机指定端口
-v /opt/nginx:/etc/nginx 主机目录:容器目录,主机目录会覆盖容器目录使用
--restart=always 跟随 docker 重启
--privileged=true 获取系统特权,root
参考:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_39998006/article/details/99680522

# 测试、启动并进入容器
➜  ~ docker run -it centos /bin/bash
Unable to find image 'centos:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/centos
8a29a15cefae: Already exists 
Digest: sha256:fe8d824220415eed5477b63addf40fb06c3b049404242b31982106ac204f6700
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
[root@95039813da8d /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@95039813da8d /]# exit #从容器退回主机
exit
➜  ~ ls
shell  user.txt

进入容器

docker exec -it 0cd4d9d94de2 /bin/bash

将文件从容器拷贝到宿主机上

docker cp 容器id:容器内文件的路径 宿主机路径#实例
docker cp 0cd4d9d94de2:/Test.java /Test.java

列出运行的容器

#docker ps命令 #列出当前正在运行的容器
  -a, --all             Show all containers (default shows just running)
  -n, --last int        Show n last created containers (includes all states) (default -1)
  -q, --quiet           Only display numeric IDs
  
  ➜  ~ docker ps   
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                 COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                    NAMES
68729e9654d4        portainer/portainer   "/portainer"             14 hours ago        Up About a minute   0.0.0.0:8088->9000/tcp   funny_curie
d506a017e951        nginx                 "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   15 hours ago        Up 15 hours         0.0.0.0:3344->80/tcp     nginx01
➜  ~ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                 COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                       PORTS                    NAMES
95039813da8d        centos                "/bin/bash"              3 minutes ago       Exited (0) 2 minutes ago                              condescending_pike
1e46a426a5ba        tomcat                "catalina.sh run"        11 minutes ago      Exited (130) 9 minutes ago                            sweet_gould
14bc9334d1b2        bf756fb1ae65          "/hello"                 3 hours ago         Exited (0) 3 hours ago                                amazing_stonebraker
f10d60f473f5        bf756fb1ae65          "/hello"                 3 hours ago         Exited (0) 3 hours ago                                dreamy_germain
68729e9654d4        portainer/portainer   "/portainer"             14 hours ago        Up About a minute            0.0.0.0:8088->9000/tcp   funny_curie
677cde5e4f1d        elasticsearch         "/docker-entrypoint.…"   15 hours ago        Exited (143) 8 minutes ago                            elasticsearch
33eb3f70b4db        tomcat                "catalina.sh run"        15 hours ago        Exited (143) 8 minutes ago                            tomcat01
d506a017e951        nginx                 "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   15 hours ago        Up 15 hours                  0.0.0.0:3344->80/tcp     nginx01
24ce2db02e45        centos                "/bin/bash"              16 hours ago        Exited (0) 15 hours ago                               hopeful_faraday
42267d1ad80b        bf756fb1ae65          "/hello"                 16 hours ago        Exited (0) 16 hours ago                               ecstatic_sutherland
➜  ~ docker ps -aq
95039813da8d
1e46a426a5ba
14bc9334d1b2
f10d60f473f5
68729e9654d4
677cde5e4f1d
33eb3f70b4db
d506a017e951
24ce2db02e45
42267d1ad80b

退出容器

exit #容器直接退出
ctrl +P +Q #容器不停止退出

删除容器

docker rm 容器id   #删除指定的容器,不能删除正在运行的容器,如果要强制删除 rm -rf
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)  #删除指定的容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm  #删除所有的容器

启动和停止容器

docker start 容器id	#启动容器
docker restart 容器id	#重启容器
docker stop 容器id	#停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器id	#强制停止当前容器

运行

后台启动命令

# 命令 docker run -d 镜像名
➜  ~ docker run -d centos
a8f922c255859622ac45ce3a535b7a0e8253329be4756ed6e32265d2dd2fac6c
➜  ~ docker ps         
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
# 问题docker ps. 发现centos 停止了
# 常见的坑,docker容器使用后台运行,就必须要有要一个前台进程,docker发现没有应用,就会自动停止
# nginx,容器启动后,发现自己没有提供服务,就会立刻停止,就是没有程序了

查看日志

docker logs --help
Options:
      --details        Show extra details provided to logs 
*  -f, --follow         Follow log output
      --since string   Show logs since timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)
*      --tail string    Number of lines to show from the end of the logs (default "all")
*  -t, --timestamps     Show timestamps
      --until string   Show logs before a timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)
➜  ~ docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo 6666;sleep 1;done" #模拟日志    
#显示日志
-tf		#显示日志信息(一直更新)
--tail number #需要显示日志条数
docker logs -t --tail n 容器id #查看n行日志
docker logs -ft 容器id #跟着日志

查看容器中进程信息

docker top 容器id

查看镜像的元数据

# 命令
docker inspect 容器id
#测试
➜  ~ docker inspect 55321bcae33d
[
    {
        "Id": "55321bcae33d15da8280bcac1d2bc1141d213bcc8f8e792edfd832ff61ae5066",
        "Created": "2020-05-15T05:22:05.515909071Z",
        "Path": "/bin/sh",
        ...
    }
]
➜  ~

进入容器

# 我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的,需要进入容器,修改一些配置
# 命令 
docker exec -it 容器id bash
#测试
➜  ~ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
55321bcae33d        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   10 minutes ago      Up 10 minutes                           bold_bell
a7215824a4db        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   13 minutes ago      Up 13 minutes                           zen_kepler
55a31b3f8613        centos              "/bin/bash"              15 minutes ago      Up 15 minutes                           lucid_clarke
➜  ~ docker exec -it 55321bcae33d /bin/bash
[root@55321bcae33d /]# 
# 方式二 
docker attach 容器id
#测试
docker attach 55321bcae33d 
正在执行当前的代码...
区别
#docker exec #进入当前容器后开启一个新的终端,可以在里面操作。(常用)
#docker attach # 进入容器正在执行的终端

从容器内拷贝到主机上

docker cp 容器id:容器内路径   主机目的路径
#进入docker容器内部
➜  ~ docker exec -it  55321bcae33d /bin/bash 
[root@55321bcae33d /]# ls
bin  etc   lib    lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr
#新建一个文件
[root@55321bcae33d /]# echo "hello" > java.java
[root@55321bcae33d /]# cat java.java 
hello
[root@55321bcae33d /]# exit
exit
➜  ~ docker cp 55321bcae33d:/java.java /    #拷贝
➜  ~ cd /            
➜  / ls  #可以看见java.java存在
bin   home            lib         mnt   run       sys  vmlinuz
boot  initrd.img      lib64       opt   sbin      tmp  vmlinuz.old
dev   initrd.img.old  lost+found  proc  srv       usr  wget-log
etc   java.java       media       root  swapfile  var  

教程:

https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_33398049/article/details/112781059

Dockerfile

https://www.cnblogs.com/panwenbin-logs/p/8007348.html

构建镜像

参考:
https://blog.csdn.net/chanmufeng/article/details/80459607
https://blog.csdn.net/we_shell/article/details/38445979
https://zimug.blog.csdn.net/article/details/124920298

登录仓库
docker login docker-hub.eggcode.top:5443
进入 dockerfile 所在目录

构建镜像
docker build -t docker-hub.eggcode.top:5443/app/system .

推送到仓库
docker push docker-hub.eggcode.top:5443/app/system

限制容器资源

https://www.cnblogs.com/renshengdezheli/p/16662622.html

posted @ 2023-06-17 09:39  EggCode  阅读(146)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报