UVA 12304 - 2D Geometry 110 in 1! - [平面几何基础题大集合][计算几何模板]

题目链接：https://cn.vjudge.net/problem/UVA-12304

题意：

作为题目大合集，有以下一些要求：

①给出三角形三个点，求三角形外接圆，求外接圆的圆心和半径。

②给出三角形三个点，求三角形内接圆，求内接圆的圆心和半径。

③给出一个圆，和一个点，求过该点的圆的切线与x轴的夹角（0<=angle<180）；

④给出一条直线，一个点p，指定半径r，求经过点p的与直线相切的半径为r的圆；

⑤给出两条直线，求与这两条直线相切的圆；

⑥给出两个圆，求同时与这两个圆相切的圆；

题解：

综合运用平面几何模板即可。

AC代码：

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

//--------------------------------------计算几何模板 - st--------------------------------------

const double eps = 1e-6;

struct Point{
    double x,y;
    Point(double tx=0,double ty=0):x(tx),y(ty){}
};
typedef Point Vctor;

//向量的加减乘除
Vctor operator + (Vctor A,Vctor B){return Vctor(A.x+B.x,A.y+B.y);}
Vctor operator - (Point A,Point B){return Vctor(A.x-B.x,A.y-B.y);}
Vctor operator * (Vctor A,double p){return Vctor(A.x*p,A.y*p);}
Vctor operator / (Vctor A,double p){return Vctor(A.x/p,A.y/p);}
bool operator < (Point A,Point B){return A.x < B.x || (A.x == B.x && A.y < B.y);}

struct Line{
    Point p;
    Vctor v;
    Line(Point p=Point(0,0),Vctor v=Vctor(0,0)):p(p),v(v){}
    Point point(double t){return p + v*t;} //获得直线上的距离p点t个单位长度的点
};
struct Circle{
    Point c;
    double r;
    Circle(Point tc=Point(0,0),double tr=0):c(tc),r(tr){}
    Point point(double a){return Point( c.x + cos(a)*r , c.y + sin(a)*r);}
};

int dcmp(double x)
{
    if(fabs(x)<eps) return 0;
    else return (x<0)?(-1):(1);
}
bool operator == (Point A,Point B){return dcmp(A.x-B.x)==0 && dcmp(A.y-B.y)==0;}

//向量的点积，长度，夹角
double Dot(Vctor A,Vctor B){return A.x*B.x+A.y*B.y;}
double Length(Vctor A){return sqrt(Dot(A,A));}
double Angle(Vctor A,Vctor B){return acos(Dot(A,B)/Length(A)/Length(B));}

//叉积，三角形面积
double Cross(Vctor A,Vctor B){return A.x*B.y-A.y*B.x;}
double TriangleArea(Point A,Point B,Point C){return Cross(B-A,C-A);}

//向量的旋转,求向量的单位法线（即左转90度，然后长度归一）
Vctor Rotate(Vctor A,double rad){return Vctor( A.x*cos(rad) - A.y*sin(rad) , A.x*sin(rad) + A.y*cos(rad) );}
Vctor Normal(Vctor A)
{
    double L = Length(A);
    return Vctor(-A.y/L, A.x/L);
}

//直线的交点
Point getLineIntersection(Line L1,Line L2)
{
    Vctor u = L1.p-L2.p;
    double t = Cross(L2.v,u)/Cross(L1.v,L2.v);
    return L1.p + L1.v*t;
}

//点到直线的距离
double DistanceToLine(Point P,Line L)
{
    return fabs(Cross(P-L.p,L.v))/Length(L.v);
}

//点到线段的距离
double DistanceToSegment(Point P,Point A,Point B)
{
    if(A==B) return Length(P-A);
    Vctor v1 = B-A, v2 = P-A, v3 = P-B;
    if (dcmp(Dot(v1,v2)) < 0) return Length(v2);
    else if (dcmp(Dot(v1,v3)) > 0) return Length(v3);
    else return fabs(Cross(v1,v2))/Length(v1);
}

//点到直线的映射
Point getLineProjection(Point P,Line L)
{
    return L.v + L.v*Dot(L.v,P-L.p)/Dot(L.v,L.v);
}

//判断线段是否规范相交
bool SegmentProperIntersection(Point a1,Point a2,Point b1,Point b2)
{
    double c1 = Cross(a2 - a1,b1 - a1), c2 = Cross(a2 - a1,b2 - a1),
           c3 = Cross(b2 - b1,a1 - b1), c4 = Cross(b2 - b1,a2 - b1);
    return dcmp(c1)*dcmp(c2)<0 && dcmp(c3)*dcmp(c4)<0;
}

//判断点是否在一条线段上
bool OnSegment(Point P,Point a1,Point a2)
{
    return dcmp(Cross(a1 - P,a2 - P))==0 && dcmp(Dot(a1 - P,a2 - P))<0;
}

//多边形面积
double PolgonArea(Point *p,int n)
{
    double area=0;
    for(int i=1;i<n-1;i++) area += Cross( p[i]-p[0] , p[i + 1]-p[0] );
    return area/2;
}

//判断圆与直线是否相交以及求出交点
int getLineCircleIntersection(Line L,Circle C,vector<Point> &sol)
{
    double t1,t2;
    double a = L.v.x, b = L.p.x - C.c.x, c = L.v.y, d = L.p.y - C.c.y;
    double e = a*a + c*c , f = 2*(a*b + c*d),  g = b*b + d*d - C.r*C.r;
    double delta = f*f - 4.0*e*g;
    if(dcmp(delta)<0) return 0;
    else if(dcmp(delta)==0)
    {
        t1 = t2 = -f/(2.0*e);
        sol.push_back(L.point(t1));
        return 1;
    }
    else
    {
        t1 = (-f-sqrt(delta))/(2.0*e); sol.push_back(L.point(t1));
        t2 = (-f+sqrt(delta))/(2.0*e); sol.push_back(L.point(t2));
        return 2;
    }
}

//判断并求出两圆的交点
double angle(Vctor v){return atan2(v.y,v.x);}
int getCircleIntersection(Circle C1,Circle C2,vector<Point> &sol)
{
    double d = Length(C1.c - C2.c);
    //圆心重合
    if(dcmp(d)==0)
    {
        if(dcmp(C1.r-C2.r)==0) return -1; //两圆重合
        else return 0; //包含关系
    }

    //圆心不重合
    if(dcmp(C1.r+C2.r-d)<0) return 0; // 相离
    if(dcmp(fabs(C1.r-C2.r)-d)>0) return 0; // 包含

    double a = angle(C2.c - C1.c);
    double da = acos((C1.r*C1.r + d*d - C2.r*C2.r) / (2*C1.r*d));
    Point p1 = C1.point(a - da), p2 = C1.point(a + da);
    sol.push_back(p1);
    if(p1==p2) return 1;
    sol.push_back(p2);
    return 2;
}

//求点到圆的切线
int getTangents(Point p,Circle C,vector<Line> &sol)
{
    Vctor u=C.c-p;
    double dis=Length(u);
    if(dis<C.r) return 0;
    else if(dcmp(dis-C.r) == 0)
    {
        sol.push_back(Line(p,Rotate(u,M_PI/2)));
        return 1;
    }
    else
    {
        double ang=asin(C.r/dis);
        sol.push_back(Line(p,Rotate(u,-ang)));
        sol.push_back(Line(p,Rotate(u,ang)));
        return 2;
    }
}

//求两圆的切线
int getCircleTangents(Circle A,Circle B,Point *a,Point *b)
{
    int cnt = 0;
    if(A.r<B.r){swap(A,B);swap(a,b);}
    //圆心距的平方
    double d2 = (A.c.x - B.c.x)*(A.c.x - B.c.x) + (A.c.y - B.c.y)*(A.c.y - B.c.y);
    double rdiff = A.r - B.r;
    double rsum = A.r + B.r;
    double base = angle(B.c - A.c);
    //重合有无限多条
    if(d2 == 0 && dcmp(A.r - B.r) == 0) return -1;
    //内切
    if(dcmp(d2-rdiff*rdiff) == 0)
    {
        a[cnt] = A.point(base);
        b[cnt] = B.point(base);
        cnt++;
        return 1;
    }
    //有外公切线
    double ang = acos((A.r - B.r) / sqrt(d2));
    a[cnt] = A.point(base + ang); b[cnt] = B.point(base + ang); cnt++;
    a[cnt] = A.point(base - ang); b[cnt] = B.point(base - ang); cnt++;

    //一条内切线
    if(dcmp(d2-rsum*rsum) == 0)
    {
        a[cnt] = A.point(base);
        b[cnt] = B.point(M_PI + base);
        cnt++;
    }//两条内切线
    else if(dcmp(d2-rsum*rsum) > 0)
    {
        double ang = acos((A.r + B.r) / sqrt(d2));
        a[cnt] = A.point(base + ang); b[cnt] = B.point(base + ang); cnt++;
        a[cnt] = A.point(base - ang); b[cnt] = B.point(base - ang); cnt++;
    }
    return cnt;
}

//--------------------------------------计算几何模板 - ed--------------------------------------


Circle CircumscribedCircle(Point p1,Point p2,Point p3) //求外切圆,三点不能共线
{
    double up,down,x,y,r;
    double& x1=p1.x, x2=p2.x, x3=p3.x;
    double& y1=p1.y, y2=p2.y, y3=p3.y;

    up = (pow(x1,2)-pow(x2,2) + pow(y1,2)-pow(y2,2))*(y1-y3) - (pow(x1,2)-pow(x3,2) + pow(y1,2)-pow(y3,2))*(y1-y2);
    down = 2*(y1-y3)*(x1-x2) - 2*(y1-y2)*(x1-x3);
    x = up/down;

    up = (pow(x1,2)-pow(x2,2) + pow(y1,2)-pow(y2,2))*(x1-x3) - (pow(x1,2)-pow(x3,2) + pow(y1,2)-pow(y3,2))*(x1-x2);
    down = 2*(y1-y2)*(x1-x3) - 2*(y1-y3)*(x1-x2);
    y = up/down;

    r = sqrt( pow(x1-x,2)+pow(y1-y,2) );

    return Circle(Point(x,y),r);
}

Circle InscribedCircle(Point p1,Point p2,Point p3) //求内切圆,三点不能共线
{
    double a,b,c,x,y,r;
    double& x1=p1.x, x2=p2.x, x3=p3.x;
    double& y1=p1.y, y2=p2.y, y3=p3.y;

    a = sqrt( pow(x2-x3,2) + pow(y2-y3,2) );
    b = sqrt( pow(x3-x1,2) + pow(y3-y1,2) );
    c = sqrt( pow(x1-x2,2) + pow(y1-y2,2) );

    x = ( a*x1 + b*x2 + c*x3 )/( a+b+c );
    y = ( a*y1 + b*y2 + c*y3 )/( a+b+c );

    double p = (a+b+c)/2;
    r = sqrt( (p-a)*(p-b)*(p-c)/p );

    return Circle(Point(x,y),r);
}

bool Line_cmp(Line a,Line b){return a.v<b.v;}
void TangentLineThroughPoint(Circle C,Point p)
{
    vector<Line> Lines;
    int cnt=getTangents(p,C,Lines);
    vector<double> ans;
    for(int i=0;i<cnt;i++)
    {
        double ang=angle(Lines[i].v);
        if(ang<0) ang+=M_PI;
        if(!dcmp(ang-M_PI)) ang-=M_PI;
        ans.push_back(ang);
    }
    sort(ans.begin(),ans.end());
    printf("[");
    for(int i=0;i<ans.size();i++)
    {
        if(i!=0) printf(",");
        printf("%lf",180*ans[i]/M_PI);
    }
    printf("]\n");
}

void CircleThroughAPointAndTangentToALineWithRadius(Point p,Point d1,Point d2,double r)
{
    Vctor normal=Normal(d2-d1);
    normal=normal/Length(normal)*r;
    Line l1=Line(d1+normal,d2-d1), l2=Line(d1-normal,d2-d1);
    vector<Point> ans;
    getLineCircleIntersection(l1,Circle(p,r),ans);
    getLineCircleIntersection(l2,Circle(p,r),ans);
    sort(ans.begin(),ans.end());
    printf("[");
    for(int i=0;i<ans.size();i++)
    {
        if(i!=0) printf(",");
        printf("(%.6lf,%.6lf)",ans[i].x,ans[i].y);
    }
    printf("]\n");
}

void CircleTangentToTwoLinesWithRadius(Line L1,Line L2,double r)
{
    Vctor normal1=Normal(L1.v), normal2=Normal(L2.v);
    normal1=normal1/Length(normal1)*r;
    normal2=normal2/Length(normal2)*r;
    Line L1_a=Line(L1.p+normal1,L1.v);
    Line L1_b=Line(L1.p-normal1,L1.v);
    Line L2_a=Line(L2.p+normal2,L2.v);
    Line L2_b=Line(L2.p-normal2,L2.v);
    vector<Point> ans;
    ans.push_back(getLineIntersection(L1_a,L2_a));
    ans.push_back(getLineIntersection(L1_a,L2_b));
    ans.push_back(getLineIntersection(L1_b,L2_a));
    ans.push_back(getLineIntersection(L1_b,L2_b));
    sort(ans.begin(),ans.end());
    printf("[");
    for(int i=0;i<ans.size();i++)
    {
        if(i!=0) printf(",");
        printf("(%.6lf,%.6lf)",ans[i].x,ans[i].y);
    }
    printf("]\n");
}

void CircleTangentToTwoDisjointCirclesWithRadius(Circle C1,Circle C2,double r)
{
    C1.r+=r, C2.r+=r;
    vector<Point> ans;
    getCircleIntersection(C1,C2,ans);
    sort(ans.begin(),ans.end());
    printf("[");
    for(int i=0;i<ans.size();i++)
    {
        if(i!=0) printf(",");
        printf("(%.6lf,%.6lf)",ans[i].x,ans[i].y);
    }
    printf("]\n");
}

int main()
{
    string input;
    while(cin>>input)
    {
        if(input=="CircumscribedCircle")
        {
            Point p1,p2,p3;
            cin>>p1.x>>p1.y>>p2.x>>p2.y>>p3.x>>p3.y;
            Circle ans=CircumscribedCircle(p1,p2,p3);
            printf("(%.6lf,%.6lf,%.6lf)\n",ans.c.x,ans.c.y,ans.r);
        }
        else if(input=="InscribedCircle")
        {
            Point p1,p2,p3;
            cin>>p1.x>>p1.y>>p2.x>>p2.y>>p3.x>>p3.y;
            Circle ans=InscribedCircle(p1,p2,p3);
            printf("(%.6lf,%.6lf,%.6lf)\n",ans.c.x,ans.c.y,ans.r);
        }
        else if(input=="TangentLineThroughPoint")
        {
            Circle C;
            Point p;
            cin>>C.c.x>>C.c.y>>C.r>>p.x>>p.y;
            TangentLineThroughPoint(C,p);
        }
        else if(input=="CircleThroughAPointAndTangentToALineWithRadius")
        {
            Point d1,d2;
            Point p;
            double r;
            cin>>p.x>>p.y>>d1.x>>d1.y>>d2.x>>d2.y>>r;
            CircleThroughAPointAndTangentToALineWithRadius(p,d1,d2,r);
        }
        else if(input=="CircleTangentToTwoLinesWithRadius")
        {
            Point p1,p2,p3,p4;
            double r;
            cin>>p1.x>>p1.y>>p2.x>>p2.y>>p3.x>>p3.y>>p4.x>>p4.y>>r;
            CircleTangentToTwoLinesWithRadius(Line(p1,(p2-p1)),Line(p3,(p4-p3)),r);
        }
        else //if(input=="CircleTangentToTwoDisjointCirclesWithRadius")
        {
            Circle C1,C2;
            double r;
            cin>>C1.c.x>>C1.c.y>>C1.r>>C2.c.x>>C2.c.y>>C2.r>>r;
            CircleTangentToTwoDisjointCirclesWithRadius(C1,C2,r);
        }
    }
}