公司使用到了nginx，于是周末初步接触了一下nginx，立即被其简洁，优雅，高效的特性给迷住了。nginx是在是个好东西，配置极其简单，容易理解，极其高效，稍微一调优，ab测试10k并发，很轻松。比起apache来强太多了...
1. 下载
[root@localhost src]# wget -c http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz --2015-01-11 16:04:13-- http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz Resolving nginx.org... 206.251.255.63 Connecting to nginx.org|206.251.255.63|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 804164 (785K) [application/octet-stream] Saving to: “nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz” 100%[=====================================================================>] 804,164 5.03K/s in 3m 42s 2015-01-11 16:07:57 (3.54 KB/s) - “nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz” saved [804164/804164]
2.解压
[root@localhost src]# tar xvf nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz nginx-1.6.2/ nginx-1.6.2/auto/ nginx-1.6.2/conf/ nginx-1.6.2/contrib/ nginx-1.6.2/src/ nginx-1.6.2/configure ...
3. 安装
[root@localhost nginx-1.6.2]# ./configure .... creating objs/Makefile Configuration summary + using system PCRE library + OpenSSL library is not used + using builtin md5 code + sha1 library is not found + using system zlib library nginx path prefix: "/usr/local/nginx" nginx binary file: "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx" nginx configuration prefix: "/usr/local/nginx/conf" nginx configuration file: "/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf" nginx pid file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid" nginx error log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log" nginx http access log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log" nginx http client request body temporary files: "client_body_temp" nginx http proxy temporary files: "proxy_temp" nginx http fastcgi temporary files: "fastcgi_temp" nginx http uwsgi temporary files: "uwsgi_temp" nginx http scgi temporary files: "scgi_temp" [root@localhost nginx-1.6.2]# make && make install [root@localhost nginx]# pwd /usr/local/nginx [root@localhost nginx]# ll total 16 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jan 11 16:12 conf drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jan 11 16:12 html drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jan 11 16:12 logs drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jan 11 16:12 sbin
安装成功。其中conf是配置文件的目录，html是放web页面的目录，logs是放日志文件的目录，sbin目录是 nginx运行时二进制文件。安装时有可能报PCRE库缺失，可以使用命令安装即可：yum -y install pcre-devel;
4. 启动关闭nginx的方法
[root@localhost sbin]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx [root@localhost sbin]# echo $? 0 [root@localhost sbin]# ps -elf|grep nginx 1 S root 3740 1 0 80 0 - 887 - 16:16 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx 5 S nobody 3741 3740 0 80 0 - 933 - 16:16 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process 0 S root 3744 1306 0 80 0 - 1088 - 16:16 pts/1 00:00:00 grep nginx [root@localhost sbin]# netstat -antp Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1131/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1004/cupsd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:40035 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 928/rpc.statd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 908/rpcbind tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3740/nginx tcp 0 64 192.168.137.9:22 192.168.137.1:51321 ESTABLISHED 1267/sshd tcp 0 0 192.168.137.9:22 192.168.137.1:51322 ESTABLISHED 1270/sshd tcp 0 0 192.168.137.9:22 192.168.137.1:51336 ESTABLISHED 1331/sshd tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1131/sshd tcp 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN 1004/cupsd tcp 0 0 :::38082 :::* LISTEN 928/rpc.statd tcp 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN 908/rpcbind
上面所示，成功启动了ngnix，在80端口运行。
nginx的进程分为了master 进程和worker进程，前者做为管理进程，管理后者，后者是处理页面请求的进程，worker可以有多个。一般根据CPU核数和负载进行配置多个worker. 我们访问试试：
nginx的启动，关闭等等操作命令如下：
[root@localhost sbin]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -h nginx version: nginx/1.6.2 Usage: nginx [-?hvVtq] [-s signal] [-c filename] [-p prefix] [-g directives] Options: -?,-h : this help -v : show version and exit -V : show version and configure options then exit -t : test configuration and exit -q : suppress non-error messages during configuration testing -s signal : send signal to a master process: stop, quit, reopen, reload -p prefix : set prefix path (default: /usr/local/nginx/) -c filename : set configuration file (default: conf/nginx.conf) -g directives : set global directives out of configuration file
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s quit
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reopen
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
分别表示 优雅的停止nginx；立即停止nginx；重新打开日志文件；平滑的重启nginx并重新加载nginx的配置文件;
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t 可以用来修改配置文件之后，测试配置文件是否有语法错误
5. 通过信号量来控制nginx
其实质是通过信号量来对nginx进行控制的，所以也可以通过下面的方式来控制nginx：
kill -INT `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid`
[root@localhost logs]# kill -INT `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid` [root@localhost logs]# ps -elf|grep nginx 0 S root 3843 1306 0 80 0 - 1088 - 16:37 pts/1 00:00:00 grep nginx
看到nginx的两个进程被我们杀掉了。还有其他的信号量可以使用，分别对应到上面的命令。
kill -HUP pid, kill -USR1 pid, kill -USR2 pid 等等，总结如下：
1. TERM,INT : Quick shutdown，立即关闭进程，不管他有没有在处理请求；
2. QUIT : Graceful shutdown, 优雅的关闭进程，也就是等到该进程处理的请求都完成之后才关闭；
3. HUP : Configuration reload, start the new worker processes with a new configuration. Gracefully shutdown the old worker processes
4. USR1 : Reopen the log files, 重新打开日志文件，在备份日志按月/日分割日志时用；
5. USR2 : Upgrade Executable on the fly, 平滑的升级；
6. WINCH : Gracefully shutdown the worker processes, 优雅的关闭旧的进程（配合USR2来进行升级）;
先写到这里，后面继续学习nginx的配置。
