英文链接: http://atlas.asp.net/docs/atlas/doc/javascript/default.aspx
按我的理解,面向对象基本的特性无非六个字:封装、继承和多态。研究了Atlas的文档之后,发现它的Javascript脚本库把这几个特性都实现了。Ok, Let go......
先看看封装
Atlas提供了命名空间Namespace的功能来隔离命名冲突,而且在类中可以定义私有变量,达到的封装的目的。可惜的是类的方法好像只能是公共的。
以下是示例代码(所有的示例代码来自于原文链接)
Type.registerNamespace("Demo");
Demo.Person = function(firstName, lastName, emailAddress) {
var _firstName = firstName;
var _lastName = lastName;
var _emailAddress = emailAddress;
this.getFirstName = function() {
return _firstName;
}
this.getLastName = function() {
return _lastName;
}
this.getEmailAddress = function() {
return _emailAddress;
}
this.setEmailAddress = function(emailAddress) {
_emailAddress = emailAddress;
}
this.getName = function() {
return _firstName + ' ' + _lastName;
}
this.dispose = function() {
alert('bye ' + this.getName());
}
}
Demo.Person.registerClass('Demo.Person', null, Sys.IDisposable);
Demo.Person = function(firstName, lastName, emailAddress) {
var _firstName = firstName;
var _lastName = lastName;
var _emailAddress = emailAddress;
this.getFirstName = function() {
return _firstName;
}
this.getLastName = function() {
return _lastName;
}
this.getEmailAddress = function() {
return _emailAddress;
}
this.setEmailAddress = function(emailAddress) {
_emailAddress = emailAddress;
}
this.getName = function() {
return _firstName + ' ' + _lastName;
}
this.dispose = function() {
alert('bye ' + this.getName());
}
}
Demo.Person.registerClass('Demo.Person', null, Sys.IDisposable);
定义了以上的Demo.Person类之后,就可以在页面中的Javascript代码中按OO的方法使用了。
var testPerson = new Demo.Person('John', 'Smith', 'john.smith@example.com');
alert(testPerson.getFirstName() + " " + testPerson.getLastName() );
alert(testPerson.getFirstName() + " " + testPerson.getLastName() );
然后来看看继承
Demo.Person.prototype.sendMail = function() {
var emailAddress = this.getEmailAddress();
if (emailAddress.indexOf('@') < 0) {
emailAddress = emailAddress + '@example.com';
}
alert('Sending mail to ' + emailAddress + ' ');
}
Demo.Person.prototype.toString = function() {
return this.getName() + ' (' + this.getEmailAddress() + ')';
}
Demo.Employee = function(firstName, lastName, emailAddress, team, title) {
Demo.Employee.initializeBase(this, [firstName, lastName, emailAddress]);
var _team = team;
var _title = title;
this.getTeam = function() {
return _team;
}
this.setTeam = function(team) {
_team = team;
}
this.getTitle = function() {
return _title;
}
this.setTitle = function(title) {
_title = title;
}
}
Demo.Employee.registerClass('Demo.Employee', Demo.Person);
Demo.Employee.prototype.toString = function() {
return Demo.Employee.callBaseMethod(this, 'toString') + '\r\n' + this.getTitle() + '\r\n' + this.getTeam();
}
var emailAddress = this.getEmailAddress();
if (emailAddress.indexOf('@') < 0) {
emailAddress = emailAddress + '@example.com';
}
alert('Sending mail to ' + emailAddress + ' ');
}
Demo.Person.prototype.toString = function() {
return this.getName() + ' (' + this.getEmailAddress() + ')';
}
Demo.Employee = function(firstName, lastName, emailAddress, team, title) {
Demo.Employee.initializeBase(this, [firstName, lastName, emailAddress]);
var _team = team;
var _title = title;
this.getTeam = function() {
return _team;
}
this.setTeam = function(team) {
_team = team;
}
this.getTitle = function() {
return _title;
}
this.setTitle = function(title) {
_title = title;
}
}
Demo.Employee.registerClass('Demo.Employee', Demo.Person);
Demo.Employee.prototype.toString = function() {
return Demo.Employee.callBaseMethod(this, 'toString') + '\r\n' + this.getTitle() + '\r\n' + this.getTeam();
}
简单地说,就是用prototype定义虚函数。使用registerCalss定义基类,构造函数调用initializeBase
最后,我们来看看多态
其实上面的代码toString函数已经实现了继承的多态。我们再来看看接口实现的多态:
Type.registerNamespace("Demo.Animals");
Demo.Animals.IPet = function() {
this.returnFriendlyName = Function.abstractMethod;
}
Demo.Animals.IPet.registerInterface('Demo.Animals.IPet');
Demo.Animals.Animal = function(name) {
var _name = name;
this.returnName = function() {
return _name;
}
}
Demo.Animals.Animal.registerAbstractClass('Demo.Animals.Animal');
Demo.Animals.Animal.prototype.toStringCustom = function() {
return this.returnName();
}
Demo.Animals.Animal.prototype.speak = Function.abstractMethod;
Demo.Animals.Pet = function(name, friendlyName) {
Demo.Animals.Pet.initializeBase(this, [name]);
var _friendlyName = friendlyName;
this.returnFriendlyName = function() {
return _friendlyName;
}
}
Demo.Animals.Pet.registerAbstractClass('Demo.Animals.Pet', Demo.Animals.Animal, Demo.Animals.IPet);
Demo.Animals.Cat = function(friendlyName) {
Demo.Animals.Cat.initializeBase(this, ['Cat', friendlyName]);
}
Demo.Animals.Cat.registerClass('Demo.Animals.Cat', Demo.Animals.Pet);
Demo.Animals.Cat.prototype.speak = function() {
alert('meow');
}
Demo.Animals.Cat.prototype.toStringCustom = function() {
return 'Pet ' + Demo.Animals.Cat.callBaseMethod(this, 'toStringCustom');
}
Demo.Animals.Felix = function() {
Demo.Animals.Felix.initializeBase(this, ['Felix']);
}
Demo.Animals.Felix.registerClass('Demo.Animals.Felix', Demo.Animals.Cat);
Demo.Animals.Felix.prototype.toStringCustom = function() {
return Demo.Animals.Felix.callBaseMethod(this, 'toStringCustom') + ' its Felix!';
}
Demo.Animals.Dog = function(friendlyName) {
Demo.Animals.Dog.initializeBase(this, ['Dog', friendlyName]);
}
Demo.Animals.Dog.registerClass('Demo.Animals.Dog', Demo.Animals.Pet);
Demo.Animals.Dog.prototype.speak = function() {
alert('woof');
}
Demo.Animals.Tiger = function() {
Demo.Animals.Tiger.initializeBase(this, ['Tiger']);
}
Demo.Animals.Tiger.registerClass('Demo.Animals.Tiger', Demo.Animals.Animal);
Demo.Animals.Tiger.prototype.speak = function() {
alert('grrr');
}
Demo.Animals.IPet = function() {
this.returnFriendlyName = Function.abstractMethod;
}
Demo.Animals.IPet.registerInterface('Demo.Animals.IPet');
Demo.Animals.Animal = function(name) {
var _name = name;
this.returnName = function() {
return _name;
}
}
Demo.Animals.Animal.registerAbstractClass('Demo.Animals.Animal');
Demo.Animals.Animal.prototype.toStringCustom = function() {
return this.returnName();
}
Demo.Animals.Animal.prototype.speak = Function.abstractMethod;
Demo.Animals.Pet = function(name, friendlyName) {
Demo.Animals.Pet.initializeBase(this, [name]);
var _friendlyName = friendlyName;
this.returnFriendlyName = function() {
return _friendlyName;
}
}
Demo.Animals.Pet.registerAbstractClass('Demo.Animals.Pet', Demo.Animals.Animal, Demo.Animals.IPet);
Demo.Animals.Cat = function(friendlyName) {
Demo.Animals.Cat.initializeBase(this, ['Cat', friendlyName]);
}
Demo.Animals.Cat.registerClass('Demo.Animals.Cat', Demo.Animals.Pet);
Demo.Animals.Cat.prototype.speak = function() {
alert('meow');
}
Demo.Animals.Cat.prototype.toStringCustom = function() {
return 'Pet ' + Demo.Animals.Cat.callBaseMethod(this, 'toStringCustom');
}
Demo.Animals.Felix = function() {
Demo.Animals.Felix.initializeBase(this, ['Felix']);
}
Demo.Animals.Felix.registerClass('Demo.Animals.Felix', Demo.Animals.Cat);
Demo.Animals.Felix.prototype.toStringCustom = function() {
return Demo.Animals.Felix.callBaseMethod(this, 'toStringCustom') + ' its Felix!';
}
Demo.Animals.Dog = function(friendlyName) {
Demo.Animals.Dog.initializeBase(this, ['Dog', friendlyName]);
}
Demo.Animals.Dog.registerClass('Demo.Animals.Dog', Demo.Animals.Pet);
Demo.Animals.Dog.prototype.speak = function() {
alert('woof');
}
Demo.Animals.Tiger = function() {
Demo.Animals.Tiger.initializeBase(this, ['Tiger']);
}
Demo.Animals.Tiger.registerClass('Demo.Animals.Tiger', Demo.Animals.Animal);
Demo.Animals.Tiger.prototype.speak = function() {
alert('grrr');
}
首先,用registerInterface定义一个接口
然后,在registerClass的时候,第三个参数指定类实现了哪个接口
Atlas还支持抽象类的定义(registerAbstractClass)
确实算是比较完备了。
看到这里,还是比较兴奋。Javascript终于也可以以OOP的方式来编写了,其扩展的潜力不可低估啊。