实验1 现代C++基础编程
任务一:
源代码task1.cpp:
1 // 现代C++标准库、算法库体验 2 // 本例用到以下内容: 3 // 1. 字符串string, 动态数组容器类vector、迭代器 4 // 2. 算法库:反转元素次序、旋转元素 5 // 3. 函数模板、const引用作为形参 6 7 #include <iostream> 8 #include <string> 9 #include <vector> 10 #include <algorithm> 11 12 using namespace std; 13 14 // 声明 15 // 模板函数声明 16 template<typename T> 17 void output(const T &c); 18 19 // 普通函数声明 20 void test1(); 21 void test2(); 22 void test3(); 23 24 int main() { 25 cout << "测试1: \n"; 26 test1(); 27 28 cout << "\n测试2: \n"; 29 test2(); 30 31 cout << "\n测试3: \n"; 32 test3(); 33 } 34 35 // 函数实现 36 // 输出容器对象c中的元素 37 template <typename T> 38 void output(const T &c) { 39 for(auto &i: c) 40 cout << i << " "; 41 cout << endl; 42 } 43 44 // 测试1 45 // 组合使用算法库、迭代器、string反转字符串 46 void test1() { 47 string s0{"0123456789"}; 48 cout << "s0 = " << s0 << endl; 49 50 string s1{s0}; 51 reverse(s1.begin(), s1.end()); // 反转指定迭代器区间的元素 52 cout << "s1 = " << s1 << endl; 53 54 string s2{s0}; 55 reverse_copy(s0.begin(), s0.end(), s2.begin()); // 将指定迭代区间的元素拷贝到指定迭代器开始的目标区间,并且在复制过程中反转次序 56 cout << "s2 = " << s2 << endl; 57 } 58 59 // 测试2 60 // 组合使用算法库、迭代器、vector反转动态数组对象vector内数据 61 void test2() { 62 vector<int> v0{2, 0, 4, 9}; 63 cout << "v0: "; 64 output(v0); 65 66 vector<int> v1{v0}; 67 reverse(v1.begin(), v1.end()); 68 cout << "v1: "; 69 output(v1); 70 71 vector<int> v2{v0}; 72 reverse_copy(v0.begin(), v0.end(), v2.begin()); 73 cout << "v2: "; 74 output(v2); 75 } 76 77 // 测试3 78 // 组合使用算法库、迭代器、vector实现元素旋转移位 79 void test3() { 80 vector<int> v0{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}; 81 cout << "v0: "; 82 output(v0); 83 84 vector<int> v1{v0}; 85 rotate(v1.begin(), v1.begin()+1, v1.end()); // 旋转指定迭代器区间[v1.begin(), v1.end())之间的数据项,旋转后从迭代器v1.begin()+1位置的数据项开始 86 cout << "v1: "; 87 output(v1); 88 89 vector<int> v2{v0}; 90 rotate(v2.begin(), v2.begin()+2, v2.end()); 91 cout << "v2: "; 92 output(v2); 93 94 vector<int> v3{v0}; 95 rotate(v3.begin(), v3.end()-1, v3.end()); 96 cout << "v3: "; 97 output(v3); 98 99 vector<int> v4{v0}; 100 rotate(v4.begin(), v4.end()-2, v4.end()); 101 cout << "v4: "; 102 output(v4); 103 }
运行结果截图:
任务二:
源代码task2.cpp:
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <vector> 3 #include <string> 4 #include <algorithm> 5 #include <numeric> 6 #include <iomanip> 7 8 using namespace std; 9 10 // 函数声明 11 // 模板函数声明 12 template<typename T> 13 void output(const T &c); 14 15 // 普通函数声明 16 int rand_int_100(); 17 void test1(); 18 void test2(); 19 20 int main() { 21 cout << "测试1: \n"; 22 test1(); 23 24 cout << "\n测试2: \n"; 25 test2(); 26 } 27 28 // 函数实现 29 // 输出容器对象c中的元素 30 template <typename T> 31 void output(const T &c) { 32 for(auto &i: c) 33 cout << i << " "; 34 cout << endl; 35 } 36 37 // 返回[0, 100]区间内的一个随机整数 38 int rand_int_100() { 39 return rand() % 101; 40 } 41 42 // 测试1 43 // 对容器类对象指定迭代器区间进行赋值、排序 44 void test1() { 45 vector<int> v0(10); // 创建一个动态数组对象v0, 对象大小为10 46 generate(v0.begin(), v0.end(), rand_int_100); // 产生[0, 100]之间的随机整数赋值给指定迭代器区间[v0.begin(), v0.end())内的每个数据项 47 cout << "v0: "; 48 output(v0); 49 50 vector<int> v1{v0}; 51 sort(v1.begin(), v1.end()); // 对指定迭代器区间[v1.begin(), v1.end())内数据项进行升序排序 52 cout << "v1: "; 53 output(v1); 54 55 vector<int> v2{v0}; 56 sort(v2.begin()+1, v2.end()-1); // 对指定迭代器区间[v1.begin()+1, v1.end()-1)内数据项进行升序排序 57 cout << "v2: "; 58 output(v2); 59 } 60 61 // 测试2 62 // 对容器类对象指定迭代器区间进行赋值、计算最大值/最小值/均值 63 void test2() { 64 vector<int> v0(10); 65 generate(v0.begin(), v0.end(), rand_int_100); 66 cout << "v0: "; 67 output(v0); 68 69 auto iter1 = min_element(v0.begin(), v0.end()); 70 cout << "最小值: " << *iter1 << endl; 71 72 auto iter2 = max_element(v0.begin(), v0.end()); 73 cout << "最大值: " << *iter2 << endl; 74 75 auto ans = minmax_element(v0.begin(), v0.end()); 76 cout << "最小值: " << *(ans.first) << endl; 77 cout << "最大值: " << *(ans.second) << endl; 78 double avg1 = accumulate(v0.begin(), v0.end(), 0)/v0.size(); 79 cout << "均值: " << fixed << setprecision(2) << avg1 << endl; 80 81 cout << endl; 82 83 vector<int> v1{v0}; 84 cout << "v0: "; 85 output(v0); 86 sort(v1.begin(), v1.end()); 87 double avg2 = accumulate(v1.begin()+1, v1.end()-1, 0)/(v1.size()-2); 88 cout << "去掉最大值、最小值之后,均值: " << avg2 << endl; 89 }
运行结果截图:
任务三:
源代码task3.cpp:
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <string> 3 4 bool is_palindrome(std::string s) { 5 int left = 0; 6 int right = s.size() - 1; 7 8 while (left < right) { 9 if (s[left] != s[right]) { 10 return false; 11 } 12 left++; 13 right--; 14 } 15 return true; 16 } 17 18 int main() { 19 using namespace std; 20 string s; 21 while (cin >> s) 22 cout << boolalpha << is_palindrome(s) << endl; 23 }
运行结果截图:
任务四:
源代码task4.cpp:
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <string> 3 #include <algorithm> 4 5 std::string dec2n(int x, int n = 2) { 6 if (x == 0) return "0"; 7 8 std::vector<char> digits; 9 const char* charset = "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"; 10 11 while (x > 0) { 12 int remainder = x % n; 13 digits.push_back(charset[remainder]); 14 x /= n; 15 } 16 17 std::reverse(digits.begin(), digits.end()); 18 return std::string(digits.begin(), digits.end()); 19 } 20 21 int main() { 22 using namespace std; 23 int x; 24 while (cin >> x) { 25 cout << "十进制: " << x << endl; 26 cout << "二进制: " << dec2n(x) << endl; 27 cout << "八进制: " << dec2n(x, 8) << endl; 28 cout << "十六进制: " << dec2n(x, 16) << endl << endl; 29 } 30 }
运行结果截图:
任务五:
源代码task5.cpp:
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <iomanip> 3 #include <string> 4 #include <cctype> // 用于std::toupper 5 6 using namespace std; 7 8 void generatePasswordTable() { 9 const int size = 26; // 字母表的大小 10 string alphabet = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"; // 小写字母表 11 string row; 12 13 // 打印第一行(小写字母) 14 cout << alphabet << endl; 15 16 // 从第二行开始打印 17 for (int i = 1; i <= size; ++i) { 18 row.clear(); 19 20 row += to_string(i); 21 22 for (int j = 0; j < size; ++j) { 23 int index = (j + i) % size; // 计算循环移动后的索引 24 char upperChar = toupper(alphabet[index]); // 将字符转换为大写 25 row += upperChar; 26 } 27 28 cout << row << endl; 29 } 30 } 31 32 int main() { 33 generatePasswordTable(); 34 return 0; 35 }
运行结果截图:
任务六:
源代码task6.cpp:
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <cstdlib> 3 #include <ctime> 4 #include <iomanip> 5 6 using namespace std; 7 8 int getRandomInt(int min, int max) { 9 return rand() % (max - min + 1) + min; 10 } 11 12 void generateAndEvaluateQuestion(int &correctCount) { 13 char operations[] = {'+', '-', '*', '/'}; 14 char operation = operations[rand() % 4]; 15 int num1 = getRandomInt(1, 10); 16 int num2; 17 18 if (operation == '-') { 19 num2 = getRandomInt(1, num1 - 1); // 确保num1 > num2 20 } else if (operation == '/') { 21 // 找到一个能整除num1的num2 22 int divisor = 1; 23 while (divisor * divisor <= num1) { 24 if (num1 % divisor == 0) { 25 num2 = divisor; 26 break; 27 } 28 if (num1 % (num1 / divisor) == 0) { 29 num2 = num1 / divisor; 30 break; 31 } 32 divisor++; 33 } 34 } else { 35 num2 = getRandomInt(1, 10); // 对于加法和乘法,num2可以是任意1到10的整数 36 } 37 38 int correctAnswer; 39 switch (operation) { 40 case '+': correctAnswer = num1 + num2; break; 41 case '-': correctAnswer = num1 - num2; break; 42 case '*': correctAnswer = num1 * num2; break; 43 case '/': correctAnswer = num1 / num2; break; 44 } 45 46 cout << num1 << " " << operation << " " << num2 << " = "; 47 int userAnswer; 48 cin >> userAnswer; 49 50 if (userAnswer == correctAnswer) { 51 correctCount++; 52 } 53 } 54 55 int main() { 56 srand(time(0)); // 初始化随机数生成器 57 const int totalQuestions = 10; 58 int correctCount = 0; 59 60 for (int i = 0; i < totalQuestions; i++) { 61 generateAndEvaluateQuestion(correctCount); 62 } 63 64 cout << fixed << setprecision(2) << static_cast<double>(correctCount) / totalQuestions * 100 << "%" << endl; 65 66 return 0; 67 }
运行结果截图: