实验1 现代C++基础编程

任务一:

源代码task1.cpp:

  1 // 现代C++标准库、算法库体验
  2 // 本例用到以下内容:
  3 // 1. 字符串string, 动态数组容器类vector、迭代器
  4 // 2. 算法库:反转元素次序、旋转元素
  5 // 3. 函数模板、const引用作为形参
  6 
  7 #include <iostream>
  8 #include <string>
  9 #include <vector>
 10 #include <algorithm>
 11 
 12 using namespace std;
 13 
 14 // 声明
 15 // 模板函数声明
 16 template<typename T>
 17 void output(const T &c);
 18 
 19 // 普通函数声明
 20 void test1();
 21 void test2();
 22 void test3();
 23 
 24 int main() {
 25     cout << "测试1: \n";
 26     test1();
 27 
 28     cout << "\n测试2: \n";
 29     test2();
 30 
 31     cout << "\n测试3: \n";
 32     test3();
 33 }
 34 
 35 // 函数实现
 36 // 输出容器对象c中的元素
 37 template <typename T>
 38 void output(const T &c) {
 39     for(auto &i: c)
 40         cout << i << " ";
 41     cout << endl;
 42 }
 43 
 44 // 测试1
 45 // 组合使用算法库、迭代器、string反转字符串
 46 void test1() {
 47     string s0{"0123456789"};
 48     cout << "s0 = " << s0 << endl;
 49 
 50     string s1{s0};
 51     reverse(s1.begin(), s1.end());  // 反转指定迭代器区间的元素
 52     cout << "s1 = " << s1 << endl;
 53 
 54     string s2{s0};
 55     reverse_copy(s0.begin(), s0.end(), s2.begin()); // 将指定迭代区间的元素拷贝到指定迭代器开始的目标区间,并且在复制过程中反转次序
 56     cout << "s2 = " << s2 << endl;
 57 }
 58 
 59 // 测试2
 60 // 组合使用算法库、迭代器、vector反转动态数组对象vector内数据
 61 void test2() {
 62     vector<int> v0{2, 0, 4, 9};
 63     cout << "v0: ";
 64     output(v0);
 65 
 66     vector<int> v1{v0};
 67     reverse(v1.begin(), v1.end());
 68     cout << "v1: ";
 69     output(v1);
 70 
 71     vector<int> v2{v0};
 72     reverse_copy(v0.begin(), v0.end(), v2.begin());
 73     cout << "v2: ";
 74     output(v2);
 75 }
 76 
 77 // 测试3
 78 // 组合使用算法库、迭代器、vector实现元素旋转移位
 79 void test3() {
 80     vector<int> v0{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};
 81     cout << "v0: ";
 82     output(v0);
 83 
 84     vector<int> v1{v0};
 85     rotate(v1.begin(), v1.begin()+1, v1.end());  // 旋转指定迭代器区间[v1.begin(), v1.end())之间的数据项,旋转后从迭代器v1.begin()+1位置的数据项开始
 86     cout << "v1: ";
 87     output(v1);
 88 
 89     vector<int> v2{v0};
 90     rotate(v2.begin(), v2.begin()+2, v2.end());
 91     cout << "v2: ";
 92     output(v2);
 93 
 94     vector<int> v3{v0};
 95     rotate(v3.begin(), v3.end()-1, v3.end());
 96     cout << "v3: ";
 97     output(v3);
 98 
 99     vector<int> v4{v0};
100     rotate(v4.begin(), v4.end()-2, v4.end());
101     cout << "v4: ";
102     output(v4);
103 }
View Code

运行结果截图:

 

任务二:

源代码task2.cpp:

 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include <vector>
 3 #include <string>
 4 #include <algorithm>
 5 #include <numeric>
 6 #include <iomanip>
 7 
 8 using namespace std;
 9 
10 // 函数声明
11 // 模板函数声明
12 template<typename T>
13 void output(const T &c);
14 
15 // 普通函数声明
16 int rand_int_100();
17 void test1();
18 void test2();
19 
20 int main() {
21     cout << "测试1: \n";
22     test1();
23 
24     cout << "\n测试2: \n";
25     test2();
26 }
27 
28 // 函数实现
29 // 输出容器对象c中的元素
30 template <typename T>
31 void output(const T &c) {
32     for(auto &i: c)
33         cout << i << " ";
34     cout << endl;
35 }
36 
37 // 返回[0, 100]区间内的一个随机整数
38 int rand_int_100() {
39     return rand() % 101;
40 }
41 
42 // 测试1
43 // 对容器类对象指定迭代器区间进行赋值、排序
44 void test1() {
45     vector<int> v0(10);  // 创建一个动态数组对象v0, 对象大小为10
46     generate(v0.begin(), v0.end(), rand_int_100); // 产生[0, 100]之间的随机整数赋值给指定迭代器区间[v0.begin(), v0.end())内的每个数据项
47     cout << "v0: ";
48     output(v0);
49 
50     vector<int> v1{v0};
51     sort(v1.begin(), v1.end()); // 对指定迭代器区间[v1.begin(), v1.end())内数据项进行升序排序
52     cout << "v1: ";
53     output(v1);
54 
55     vector<int> v2{v0};
56     sort(v2.begin()+1, v2.end()-1); // 对指定迭代器区间[v1.begin()+1, v1.end()-1)内数据项进行升序排序
57     cout << "v2: ";
58     output(v2);
59 }
60 
61 // 测试2
62 // 对容器类对象指定迭代器区间进行赋值、计算最大值/最小值/均值
63 void test2() {
64     vector<int> v0(10);  
65     generate(v0.begin(), v0.end(), rand_int_100); 
66     cout << "v0: ";
67     output(v0);
68 
69     auto iter1 = min_element(v0.begin(), v0.end());
70     cout << "最小值: " << *iter1 << endl;
71 
72     auto iter2 = max_element(v0.begin(), v0.end());
73     cout << "最大值: " << *iter2 << endl;
74 
75     auto ans = minmax_element(v0.begin(), v0.end());
76     cout << "最小值: " << *(ans.first) << endl;
77     cout << "最大值: " << *(ans.second) << endl;
78     double avg1 = accumulate(v0.begin(), v0.end(), 0)/v0.size();
79     cout << "均值: " << fixed << setprecision(2) << avg1 << endl;
80 
81     cout << endl;
82 
83     vector<int> v1{v0};
84     cout << "v0: ";
85     output(v0);
86     sort(v1.begin(), v1.end());
87     double avg2 = accumulate(v1.begin()+1, v1.end()-1, 0)/(v1.size()-2);
88     cout << "去掉最大值、最小值之后,均值: " << avg2 << endl;
89 }
View Code

运行结果截图:

 

任务三:

源代码task3.cpp:

 1 #include <iostream>  
 2 #include <string>  
 3   
 4 bool is_palindrome(std::string s) {  
 5     int left = 0;  
 6     int right = s.size() - 1;  
 7   
 8     while (left < right) {  
 9         if (s[left] != s[right]) {  
10             return false;  
11         }  
12         left++;  
13         right--;  
14     }  
15     return true;  
16 }  
17   
18 int main() {  
19     using namespace std;  
20     string s;  
21     while (cin >> s) 
22         cout << boolalpha << is_palindrome(s) << endl;  
23 }
View Code

运行结果截图:

 

任务四:

源代码task4.cpp:

 1 #include <iostream>  
 2 #include <string>  
 3 #include <algorithm>  
 4   
 5 std::string dec2n(int x, int n = 2) {  
 6     if (x == 0) return "0";
 7   
 8     std::vector<char> digits;  
 9     const char* charset = "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"; 
10   
11     while (x > 0) {  
12         int remainder = x % n;  
13         digits.push_back(charset[remainder]);  
14         x /= n;  
15     }  
16   
17     std::reverse(digits.begin(), digits.end()); 
18     return std::string(digits.begin(), digits.end());  
19 }  
20   
21 int main() {  
22     using namespace std;  
23     int x;  
24     while (cin >> x) {  
25         cout << "十进制: " << x << endl;  
26         cout << "二进制: " << dec2n(x) << endl;  
27         cout << "八进制: " << dec2n(x, 8) << endl;  
28         cout << "十六进制: " << dec2n(x, 16) << endl << endl;  
29     }  
30 }
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运行结果截图:

 

任务五:

源代码task5.cpp:

 1 #include <iostream>  
 2 #include <iomanip>  
 3 #include <string>  
 4 #include <cctype> // 用于std::toupper  
 5   
 6 using namespace std;  
 7   
 8 void generatePasswordTable() {  
 9     const int size = 26; // 字母表的大小  
10     string alphabet = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"; // 小写字母表  
11     string row;  
12   
13     // 打印第一行(小写字母)  
14     cout << alphabet << endl;  
15   
16     // 从第二行开始打印  
17     for (int i = 1; i <= size; ++i) {  
18         row.clear();  
19         
20         row += to_string(i);  
21        
22         for (int j = 0; j < size; ++j) {  
23             int index = (j + i) % size; // 计算循环移动后的索引  
24             char upperChar = toupper(alphabet[index]); // 将字符转换为大写  
25             row += upperChar;  
26         }  
27        
28         cout << row << endl;  
29     }  
30 }  
31   
32 int main() {  
33     generatePasswordTable();  
34     return 0;  
35 }
View Code

运行结果截图:

 

任务六:

源代码task6.cpp:

 1 #include <iostream>  
 2 #include <cstdlib>  
 3 #include <ctime>  
 4 #include <iomanip>  
 5   
 6 using namespace std;  
 7   
 8 int getRandomInt(int min, int max) {  
 9     return rand() % (max - min + 1) + min;  
10 }  
11    
12 void generateAndEvaluateQuestion(int &correctCount) {  
13     char operations[] = {'+', '-', '*', '/'};  
14     char operation = operations[rand() % 4];  
15     int num1 = getRandomInt(1, 10);  
16     int num2;  
17   
18     if (operation == '-') {  
19         num2 = getRandomInt(1, num1 - 1); // 确保num1 > num2  
20     } else if (operation == '/') {  
21         // 找到一个能整除num1的num2  
22         int divisor = 1;  
23         while (divisor * divisor <= num1) {  
24             if (num1 % divisor == 0) {  
25                 num2 = divisor;  
26                 break;  
27             }  
28             if (num1 % (num1 / divisor) == 0) {  
29                 num2 = num1 / divisor;  
30                 break;  
31             }  
32             divisor++;  
33         }  
34     } else {  
35         num2 = getRandomInt(1, 10); // 对于加法和乘法,num2可以是任意1到10的整数  
36     }  
37   
38     int correctAnswer;  
39     switch (operation) {  
40         case '+': correctAnswer = num1 + num2; break;  
41         case '-': correctAnswer = num1 - num2; break;  
42         case '*': correctAnswer = num1 * num2; break;  
43         case '/': correctAnswer = num1 / num2; break;  
44     }  
45   
46     cout << num1 << " " << operation << " " << num2 << " = ";  
47     int userAnswer;  
48     cin >> userAnswer;  
49   
50     if (userAnswer == correctAnswer) {  
51         correctCount++;  
52     }  
53 }  
54   
55 int main() {  
56     srand(time(0)); // 初始化随机数生成器  
57     const int totalQuestions = 10;  
58     int correctCount = 0;  
59   
60     for (int i = 0; i < totalQuestions; i++) {  
61         generateAndEvaluateQuestion(correctCount);  
62     }  
63   
64     cout << fixed << setprecision(2) << static_cast<double>(correctCount) / totalQuestions * 100 << "%" << endl;  
65   
66     return 0;  
67 }
View Code

运行结果截图:

 

posted @ 2024-10-15 20:58  白鸽nm海鸥  阅读(1)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报