(拿来主义) SpringCloud | 第二篇: 服务消费者(rest+ribbon)
本文出自方志朋的博客
在上一篇文章,讲了服务的注册和发现。在微服务架构中,业务都会被拆分成一个独立的服务,服务与服务的通讯是基于http restful的。Spring cloud有两种服务调用方式,一种是ribbon+restTemplate,另一种是feign。在这一篇文章首先讲解下基于ribbon+rest。
一、ribbon简介
Ribbon is a client side load balancer which gives you a lot of control over the behaviour of HTTP and TCP clients. Feign already uses Ribbon, so if you are using @FeignClient then this section also applies.
—–摘自官网
ribbon是一个负载均衡客户端,可以很好的控制htt和tcp的一些行为。Feign默认集成了ribbon。
Ribbon可以在通过客户端中配置的ribbonServerList服务端列表去轮询访问以达到均衡负载的作用。
当Ribbon与Eureka联合使用时,ribbonServerList会被DiscoveryEnabledNIWSServerList重写,扩展成从Eureka注册中心中获取服务端列表。同时它也会用NIWSDiscoveryPing来取代IPing,它将职责委托给Eureka来确定服务端是否已经启动。
ribbon 已经默认实现了这些配置bean:
-
IClientConfig ribbonClientConfig: DefaultClientConfigImpl
-
IRule ribbonRule: ZoneAvoidanceRule
-
IPing ribbonPing: NoOpPing
-
ServerList ribbonServerList: ConfigurationBasedServerList
-
ServerListFilter ribbonServerListFilter: ZonePreferenceServerListFilter
-
ILoadBalancer ribbonLoadBalancer: ZoneAwareLoadBalancer
二、准备工作
这一篇文章基于上一篇文章的工程,启动eureka-server 工程;启动service-hi工程,它的端口为2222;将service-hi的配置文件的端口改为3333,并启动,这时你会发现:service-hi在eureka-server注册了2个实例,这就相当于一个小的集群。访问localhost:1111如图所示:
如何一个工程启动多个实例,请看这篇文章:https://blog.csdn.net/forezp/article/details/76408139
三、建一个服务消费者
重新新建一个spring-boot工程,取名为:service-ribbon;
在它的pom.xml文件分别引入起步依赖spring-cloud-starter-eureka、spring-cloud-starter-ribbon、spring-boot-starter-web,代码如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.example.springcloud</groupId> <artifactId>ribbon</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <name>ribbon</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.0.4.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> <spring-cloud.version>Finchley.SR1</spring-cloud.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
在工程的配置文件指定服务的注册中心地址为http://localhost:1111/eureka/,程序名称为 service-ribbon,程序端口为4444。配置文件application.xml如下:
server.port = 4444 spring.application.name = service-ribbon eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone = http://localhost:1111/eureka/
在工程的启动类中,通过@EnableDiscoveryClient向服务中心注册;并且向程序的ioc注入一个bean: restTemplate;并通过@LoadBalanced注解表明这个restRemplate开启负载均衡的功能。
package com.example.springcloud.ribbon; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient; import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; @EnableDiscoveryClient @SpringBootApplication public class RibbonApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(RibbonApplication.class, args); } @Bean @LoadBalanced RestTemplate restTemplate() { return new RestTemplate(); } }
编写service类HelloService,通过之前注入ioc容器的restTemplate来消费service-hi服务的“/hi”接口,在这里我们直接用的程序名替代了具体的url地址,在ribbon中它会根据服务名来选择具体的服务实例,根据服务实例在请求的时候会用具体的url替换掉服务名,代码如下:
package com.example.springcloud.ribbon.service; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; @Service public class HelloService { @Autowired RestTemplate restTemplate; public String hiService(String name) { return restTemplate.getForObject("http://service-hi/hi?name=" + name, String.class); } }
写一个controller,在controller中用调用HelloService 的方法,代码如下:
package com.example.springcloud.ribbon.web; import com.example.springcloud.ribbon.service.HelloService; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; @RestController public class HelloController { @Autowired HelloService helloService; @RequestMapping(value = "/hi") public String hi(@RequestParam String name) { return helloService.hiService(name); } }
在浏览器上多次访问http://localhost:1111/hi?name=lisi,浏览器交替显示:
这说明当我们通过调用restTemplate.getForObject(“http://SERVICE-HI/hi?name=“+name,String.class)方法时,已经做了负载均衡,访问了不同的端口的服务实例。
四、此时的架构
- 一个服务注册中心,eureka server,端口为1111
- service-hi工程跑了两个实例,端口分别为2222,3333,分别向服务注册中心注册
- sercvice-ribbon端口为4444,向服务注册中心注册
- 当sercvice-ribbon通过restTemplate调用service-hi的hi接口时,因为用ribbon进行了负载均衡,会轮流的调用service-hi:2222和3333两个端口的hi接口;