linux 安装MySQL 8.0 、5.7
一、yum安装方式
1、首先删除系统默认或之前可能安装的其他版本的mysql
# for i in $(rpm -qa|grep mysql);do rpm -e $i --nodeps;done # rm -rf /var/lib/mysql && rm -rf /etc/my.cnf
2、安装Mysql8.0 的yum资源库
# yum localinstall https://repo.mysql.com//mysql80-community-release-el7-1.noarch.rpm
3、安装Mysql8.0
# yum install mysql-community-server #启动MySQL服务器和MySQL的自动启动 # systemctl start mysqld # systemctl enable mysqld
4、使用默认密码初次登录后, 必须要重置密码
查看默认密码, 如下默认密码为"e53xDalx.*dE" # grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log 2019-03-06T01:53:19.897262Z 5 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: e53xDalx.*dE # mysql -pe53xDalx.*dE ............ mysql> select version(); ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
报错提示必须要重置初始密码, 下面开始重置mysql登录密码（注意要切换到mysql数据库，使用use mysql）
mysql> use mysql; ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement. mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456'; ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements
这个其实与validate_password_policy的值有关, mysql8.0更改了validate_password_policy相关的配置名称, 这跟Mysql5.7有点不一样了.
mysql> set global validate_password.policy=0; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> set global validate_password.length=1; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
接着再修改密码
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec) mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
退出, 重新使用新密码登录mysql
# mysql -p123456 ........... mysql> select version(); +-----------+ | version() | +-----------+ | 8.0.15 | +-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
查看服务端口
mysql> show global variables like 'port'; +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | port | 3306 | +---------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec)
查看mysql连接的授权信息
mysql> select host,user,password from mysql.user; ERROR 1054 (42S22): Unknown column 'password' in 'field list'
上面这是mysql5.6及以下版本的查看命令, mysql5.7之后的数据库里mysql.user表里已经没有password这个字段了，password字段改成了authentication_string。
查看用户权限
mysql> select host,user,authentication_string from mysql.user;
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| host | user | authentication_string |
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| localhost | mysql.infoschema | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | mysql.session | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | mysql.sys | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | root | $A$005${7J0=4Dc7Jym8eI/FU4jimKWFvkD9XmoAkF1ca5.Un0bc6zgmPtU.0 |
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql8.0修改用户密码命令
mysql> use mysql; mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456'; mysql> flush privileges;
二、二进制安装方式
1、首先删除系统默认或之前可能安装的其他版本的mysql
# for i in $(rpm -qa|grep mysql);do rpm -e $i --nodeps;done # rm -rf /var/lib/mysql && rm -rf /etc/my.cnf
2、安装需要的软件包
# yum -y install libaio # yum -y install net-tools
3、下载并安装Mysql8.0.12
# groupadd mysql # useradd -g mysql mysql # cd /usr/local/src/ # ll -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 620389228 Aug 22 2018 mysql8.0.12_bin_centos7.tar.gz
# tar -zvxf mysql8.0.12_bin_centos7.tar.gz # mv mysql /usr/local/ # chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql # vim /home/mysql/.bash_profile export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH # source /home/mysql/.bash_profile # echo "PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" >> /etc/profile # source /etc/profile
4、创建数据目录
# mkdir -p /data/mysql/{data,log,binlog,conf,tmp}
# chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql
5、配置mysql
# su - mysql [mysql@mysql-node ~]$ vim /data/mysql/conf/my.cnf [mysqld] lower_case_table_names = 1 user = mysql server_id = 1 port = 3306 default-time-zone = '+08:00' enforce_gtid_consistency = ON gtid_mode = ON binlog_checksum = none default_authentication_plugin = mysql_native_password datadir = /data/mysql/data pid-file = /data/mysql/tmp/mysqld.pid socket = /data/mysql/tmp/mysqld.sock tmpdir = /data/mysql/tmp/ skip-name-resolve = ON open_files_limit = 65535 table_open_cache = 2000 #################innodb######################## innodb_data_home_dir = /data/mysql/data innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:512M;ibdata2:512M:autoextend innodb_buffer_pool_size = 12000M innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 innodb_io_capacity = 600 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120 innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M innodb_log_file_size = 200M innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 85 innodb_read_io_threads = 8 innodb_write_io_threads = 8 innodb_thread_concurrency = 32 innodb_file_per_table innodb_rollback_on_timeout innodb_undo_directory = /data/mysql/data innodb_log_group_home_dir = /data/mysql/data ###################session########################### join_buffer_size = 8M key_buffer_size = 256M bulk_insert_buffer_size = 8M max_heap_table_size = 96M tmp_table_size = 96M read_buffer_size = 8M sort_buffer_size = 2M max_allowed_packet = 64M read_rnd_buffer_size = 32M ############log set################### log-error = /data/mysql/log/mysqld.err log-bin = /data/mysql/binlog/binlog log_bin_index = /data/mysql/binlog/binlog.index max_binlog_size = 500M slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/log/slow.log slow_query_log = 1 long_query_time = 10 log_queries_not_using_indexes = ON log_throttle_queries_not_using_indexes = 10 log_slow_admin_statements = ON log_output = FILE,TABLE master_info_file = /data/mysql/binlog/master.info
6、初始化 (稍等一会儿, 可以到/data/mysql/log/mysqld.err日子里查看初始化过程, 看看有没有error信息)
$ mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/conf/my.cnf --initialize-insecure --user=mysql
7、启动mysqld
$ mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql/conf/my.cnf & $ lsof -i:3306 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME mysqld 24743 mysql 23u IPv6 23132988 0t0 TCP *:mysql (LISTEN)
8、登录mysql, 重置密码
本地首次使用sock文件登录mysql是不需要密码的 # mysql -S /data/mysql/tmp/mysqld.sock ............. mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec) mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec) mysql> select host,user,authentication_string from mysql.user; +-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | host | user | authentication_string | +-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | localhost | mysql.infoschema | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | | localhost | mysql.session | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | | localhost | mysql.sys | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | | localhost | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | +-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
退出, 此时密码重置后, 就不能使用sock文件无密码登录了
# mysql -S /data/mysql/tmp/mysqld.sock ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO) # mysql -p123456 mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock' (2)
做sock文件的软链接
# ln -s /data/mysql/tmp/mysqld.sock /tmp/mysql.sock
登录
mysql -p123456 或者 [root@mysql-node ~]# mysql -uroot -S /data/mysql/tmp/mysqld.sock -p123456 ............. mysql> select version(); +-----------+ | version() | +-----------+ | 8.0.12 | +-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) #授予用户权限. 必须先要创建用户, 才能授权!! (创建用户时要带@并指定地址, 则grant授权时的地址就是这个@后面指定的!, 否则grant授权就会报错!) mysql> create user 'kevin'@'%' identified by '123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec) mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'kevin'@'%' with grant option; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.21 sec) mysql> select host,user,authentication_string from mysql.user; +-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | host | user | authentication_string | +-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | % | kevin | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | | localhost | mysql.infoschema | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | | localhost | mysql.session | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | | localhost | mysql.sys | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | | localhost | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | +-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> update mysql.user set host='172.16.60.%' where user="kevin"; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.16 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0 mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec) mysql> select host,user,authentication_string from mysql.user; +-------------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | host | user | authentication_string | +-------------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 172.16.60.% | kevin | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | | localhost | mysql.infoschema | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | | localhost | mysql.session | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | | localhost | mysql.sys | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | | localhost | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | +-------------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> create user 'bobo'@'172.16.60.%' identified by '123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec) mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'bobo'@'172.16.60.%'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.17 sec) mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec) mysql> select host,user,authentication_string from mysql.user; +-------------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | host | user | authentication_string | +-------------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 172.16.60.% | bobo | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | | 172.16.60.% | kevin | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | | localhost | mysql.infoschema | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | | localhost | mysql.session | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | | localhost | mysql.sys | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | | localhost | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | +-------------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show grants for kevin@'172.16.60.%'; +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Grants for kevin@172.16.60.% | +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, RELOAD, SHUTDOWN, PROCESS, FILE, REFERENCES, INDEX, ALTER, SHOW DATABASES, SUPER, CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES, LOCK TABLES, EXECUTE, REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT, CREATE VIEW, SHOW VIEW, CREATE ROUTINE, ALTER ROUTINE, CREATE USER, EVENT, TRIGGER, CREATE TABLESPACE, CREATE ROLE, DROP ROLE ON *.* TO `kevin`@`172.16.60.%` WITH GRANT OPTION | +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
三、MySQL单机多实例安装配置
通过上面二进制部署可知, 已经起来一个3306端口的MySQL实例, 现在需要再起来两个实例, 分别为3307, 3308. 操作如下:
创建实例的数据目录
# mkdir -p /data/mysql3307/{data,log,binlog,conf,tmp}
# mkdir -p /data/mysql3308/{data,log,binlog,conf,tmp}
# chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql3307
# chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql3308
配置mysql
# cp -r /data/mysql/conf/my.cnf /data/mysql3307/conf/ # cp -r /data/mysql/conf/my.cnf /data/mysql3308/conf/ # sed -i 's#/data/mysql/#/data/mysql3307/#g' /data/mysql3307/conf/my.cnf # sed -i 's#/data/mysql/#/data/mysql3308/#g' /data/mysql3308/conf/my.cnf # sed -i 's/3306/3307/g' /data/mysql3307/conf/my.cnf # sed -i 's/3306/3308/g' /data/mysql3308/conf/my.cnf # chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql*
进行初始化两个实例
# mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql3307/conf/my.cnf --initialize-insecure --user=mysql # mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql3308/conf/my.cnf --initialize-insecure --user=mysql
接着启动mysqld
# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql3307/conf/my.cnf & # mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql3308/conf/my.cnf &
查看启动是否成功
# ps -ef|grep mysql mysql 23996 1 0 14:37 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql/conf/my.cnf mysql 24743 23996 0 14:38 ? 00:00:17 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/conf/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --log-error=/data/mysql/log/mysqld.err --open-files-limit=65535 --pid-file=/data/mysql/tmp/mysqld.pid --socket=/data/mysql/tmp/mysqld.sock --port=3306 root 30473 23727 0 15:33 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql3307/conf/my.cnf mysql 31191 30473 17 15:33 pts/0 00:00:02 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql3307/conf/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql3307/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/mysql3307/log/mysqld.err --open-files-limit=65535 --pid-file=/data/mysql3307/tmp/mysqld.pid --socket=/data/mysql3307/tmp/mysqld.sock --port=3307 root 31254 23727 0 15:33 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql3308/conf/my.cnf mysql 31977 31254 39 15:33 pts/0 00:00:02 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql3308/conf/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql3308/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/mysql3308/log/mysqld.err --open-files-limit=65535 --pid-file=/data/mysql3308/tmp/mysqld.pid --socket=/data/mysql3308/tmp/mysqld.sock --port=3308 root 32044 23727 0 15:34 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql
# lsof -i:3307 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME mysqld 31191 mysql 22u IPv6 23144844 0t0 TCP *:opsession-prxy (LISTEN)
# lsof -i:3308 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME mysqld 31977 mysql 22u IPv6 23145727 0t0 TCP *:tns-server (LISTEN)
# lsof -i:3306 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME mysqld 24743 mysql 23u IPv6 23132988 0t0 TCP *:mysql (LISTEN)
登录3307端口实例, 并设置密码
# mysql -S /data/mysql3307/tmp/mysqld.sock ............ mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec) mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)
退出, 使用新密码登录
# mysql -uroot -S /data/mysql3307/tmp/mysqld.sock -p123456 ............. mysql>
同理, 登录3308端口实例, 并设置密码
# mysql -S /data/mysql3308/tmp/mysqld.sock ........... mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.13 sec) mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
退出, 使用新密码登录
# mysql -uroot -S /data/mysql3308/tmp/mysqld.sock -p123456 .................... mysql>
3306, 3307, 3308三个端口实例的启动命令分别为:
mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql/conf/my.cnf & mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql3307/conf/my.cnf & mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql3308/conf/my.cnf &
登录命令分别为:
mysql -uroot -S /data/mysql/tmp/mysqld.sock -p123456 mysql -uroot -S /data/mysql3307/tmp/mysqld.sock -p123456 mysql -uroot -S /data/mysql3308/tmp/mysqld.sock -p123456
四、Mysql8.0使用过程中踩过的一些坑
1)创建用户和授权 在mysql8.0创建用户和授权和之前不太一样了，其实严格上来讲，也不能说是不一样, 只能说是更严格, mysql8.0需要先创建用户(创建用户时要带@并指定地址, 则grant授权时的地址就是这个@后面指定的!, 否则grant授权就会报错!)和设置密码，然后才能授权。
mysql> create user 'kevin'@'%' identified by '123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec) mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'kevin'@'%' with grant option; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec) mysql> create user 'bobo'@'%' identified by '123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec) mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'bobo'@'%' with grant option; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec) mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec) mysql> select host,user,authentication_string from mysql.user; +-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | host | user | authentication_string | +-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | % | bobo | $A$005$1VY")q?G6<^X@-6LsXrPt5C0TwlTuvHbaOa3sYF0DKViIGoRPuCF8AzwiFcim1 | | % | kevin | $A$005$hy`U}ZB#R::rA8W0y2rmwgySqzv0rmR1eTeNDSaXfQPWIsrh7ytbVdi85 | | localhost | mysql.infoschema | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | | localhost | mysql.session | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | | localhost | mysql.sys | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | | localhost | root | $A$005$/VO_y^7,]6;2qxggBLmJzhA0Qylu5/AHuRScZ/ykKedgZKh/6krOIzPs2 | +-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
如果还是用Mysql5.7及之前版本的直接授权的方法, 会有报错:
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'shibo'@'%' identified by '123456'; ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'identified by '123456'' at line 1
2)Mysql8.0默认是不能使用root账号进行远程登录的! root账号只能本地登录!
mysql> select host,user,authentication_string from mysql.user; +-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | host | user | authentication_string | +-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | % | bobo | $A$005$1VY")q?G6<^X@-6LsXrPt5C0TwlTuvHbaOa3sYF0DKViIGoRPuCF8AzwiFcim1 | | % | kevin | $A$005$hy`U}ZB#R::rA8W0y2rmwgySqzv0rmR1eTeNDSaXfQPWIsrh7ytbVdi85 | | localhost | mysql.infoschema | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | | localhost | mysql.session | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | | localhost | mysql.sys | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | | localhost | root | $A$005$/VO_y^7,]6;2qxggBLmJzhA0Qylu5/AHuRScZ/ykKedgZKh/6krOIzPs2 | +-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
如果想要远程登录, 则需要进行update更新下root账号的权限
mysql> update mysql.user set host='%' where user="root"; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.10 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0 mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.14 sec) mysql> select host,user,authentication_string from mysql.user; +-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | host | user | authentication_string | +-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | % | bobo | $A$005$1VY")q?G6<^X@-6LsXrPt5C0TwlTuvHbaOa3sYF0DKViIGoRPuCF8AzwiFcim1 | | % | kevin | $A$005$hy`U}ZB#R::rA8W0y2rmwgySqzv0rmR1eTeNDSaXfQPWIsrh7ytbVdi85 | | % | root | $A$005$/VO_y^7,]6;2qxggBLmJzhA0Qylu5/AHuRScZ/ykKedgZKh/6krOIzPs2 | | localhost | mysql.infoschema | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | | localhost | mysql.session | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | | localhost | mysql.sys | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | +-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3、修改root账号权限, 允许root账号远程登录后, 用navicat进行mysql的远程连接时，出现了弹窗报错：
出现这个原因是mysql8 之前的版本中加密规则是mysql_native_password, 而在mysql8之后,加密规则是caching_sha2_password, 解决问题方法有两种:
一种是升级navicat驱动;
一种是把mysql用户登录密码加密规则还原成mysql_native_password; 这里选择第二种方法来解决:
#修改加密规则 mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.16 sec) #更新一下用户的密码 mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec) #刷新权限 mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
4、sqlyog链接时会出现2058的异常
1、使用sqlyog链接时会出现2058的异常，此时我们需要修改mysql，命令行登录mysql（与修改密码中登录相同，使用修改后的密码），然后执行下面的命令：mysql > ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'password'; 其中password为自己修改的密码。然后SQLyog中重新连接，则可连接成功，OK。 2、如果报错：ERROR 1396 (HY000): Operation ALTER USER failed for 'root'@'localhost'则使用下面命令：mysql > ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'password'; sqlyog链接时出现2058异常
5、修改默认编码方式 mysql8.0默认编码方式为utf8mb4，因此使用时不需要修改，可使用如下命令查看：
mysql > SHOW VARIABLES WHERE Variable_name LIKE 'character_set_%' OR Variable_name LIKE 'collation%';
如果需要修改其他编码方式，比如需要修改为utf8mb4，可以使用如下方式：
修改mysql配置文件my.cnf, 找到后请在以下三部分里添加如下内容： [client] default-character-set = utf8mb4 [mysql] default-character-set = utf8mb4 [mysqld] character-set-client-handshake = FALSE character-set-server = utf8mb4 collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'
然后重启mysqld服务即可, 其中:
character_set_client (客户端来源数据使用的字符集) character_set_connection (连接层字符集) character_set_database (当前选中数据库的默认字符集) character_set_results (查询结果字符集) character_set_server (默认的内部操作字符集)
数据库连接参数中:
characterEncoding=utf8 会被自动识别为utf8mb4，也可以不加这个参数，会自动检测。 而autoReconnect=true 是必须加上的。
6、部分参数配置查询命令
#查询mysql最大连接数设置 mysql> show global variables like 'max_conn%'; mysql> SELECT @@MAX_CONNECTIONS AS 'Max Connections'; # 查看最大链接数 mysql> show global status like 'Max_used_connections'; # 查看慢查询日志是否开启以及日志位置 mysql> show variables like 'slow_query%'; # 查看慢查询日志超时记录时间 mysql> show variables like 'long_query_time'; # 查看链接创建以及现在正在链接数 mysql> show status like 'Threads%'; # 查看数据库当前链接 mysql> show processlist; # 查看数据库配置 mysql> show variables like '%quer%';
五、docker 安装mysql5.7
1、配置容器MySQL数据、配置、日志挂载宿主机目录
# 宿主机创建数据存放目录映射到容器 mkdir -p /usr/local/docker_data/mysql/data # 宿主机创建配置文件目录映射到容器 mkdir -p /usr/local/docker_data/mysql/conf #(需要在此目录下创建"conf.d"、"mysql.conf.d"两个目录) mkdir -p /usr/local/docker_data/mysql/conf/conf.d # (建议在此目录创建my.cnf文件并进行相关MySQL配置) mkdir -p /usr/local/docker_data/mysql/conf/mysql.conf.d # 宿主机创建日志目录映射到容器 mkdir -p /usr/local/docker_data/mysql/logs
2、运行
# CentOS 7 不建议用这个命令 docker run --name mysql5.7 -p 3306:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d -v /usr/local/docker_data/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql -v /usr/local/docker_data/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/ -v /usr/local/docker_data/mysql/logs:/var/log/mysql mysql:5.7 # 经测试上面这行命令在 CentOS 7 下目录挂载失败。 # 在上面这行命令的基础上增加了--privileged=true参数，让容器拥有真正的root权限 docker run --privileged=true --name mysql5.7 -p 3306:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d -v /usr/local/docker_data/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql -v /usr/local/docker_data/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/ -v /usr/local/docker_data/mysql/logs:/var/log/mysql mysql:5.7
3、更新授权
docker exec -it mysql5.7 bash mysql -u root -p # 创建用户并开启远程登录 CREATE USER '你的账号'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '你的密码'; # 创建数据库并设置字符集 CREATE DATABASE `库名` CHARACTER SET 'utf8mb4'; # 给账号授权数据库 GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `库名`.* TO '你的账号'@'%'; # 刷新权限 FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/qVJd7fC3xU_cZLwHPg9j3Q 开源linux
