ubuntu

 Ubuntu 20.04.5 LTS (Focal Fossa)

一、网络配置

1、配置静态ip

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vim /etc/network/interfaces
#interfaces(5) file used by ifup(8) and ifdown(8)
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
 
auto ens33
iface ens33 inet static
address 192.168.40.201
gateway 192.168.40.2
netmask 255.255.255.0
dns-nameservers 114.114.114.114  8.8.8.8  （/etc/resolv.conf 自动会去读取 ）
 
# /etc/init.d/networking restart  （或者ifup ens33 重启网卡）
[ ok ] Restarting networking (via systemctl): networking.service
 
# cat /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 114.114.114.114
 
解决：
root@ubuntu:~# route  查看路由
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
192.168.40.0    *               255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 ens33
192.168.122.0   *               255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 virbr0
root@ubuntu:~# route add default gw 192.168.40.2 （添加本机的路由）
 
root@ubuntu:~# route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
default         192.168.40.2    0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 ens33
192.168.40.0    *               255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 ens33
192.168.122.0   *               255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 virbr0
 
root@ubuntu:~# ping baidu.com
PING baidu.com (220.181.38.148) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 220.181.38.148: icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=51.3 ms
64 bytes from 220.181.38.148: icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=34.3 ms
64 bytes from 220.181.38.148: icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=34.6 ms

22.04版本 无线网卡+ 网线电口设置为静态ip

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cat 01-network-manager-all.yaml
network:
  version: 2
  wifis:
    wlp3s0:
      dhcp4: false
      addresses: [ip/23]
      routes:
        - to: default
          via: 192.168.1.1
          table: 100  # 为 wlp3s0 指定路由表 100
      routing-policy:
        - from: ip
          table: 100
      nameservers:
        addresses: [8.8.8.8, 8.8.4.4]
      access-points:
        "wifi-name":
          password: "xxxxxx"
  ethernets:
    enp2s0:
      dhcp4: false
      addresses: [ip/24]
      routes:
        - to: default
          via: ip
          table: 101  # 为 enp2s0 指定路由表 101
      routing-policy:
        - from: 192.168.100.1
          table: 101
      nameservers:
        addresses: [8.8.8.8, 8.8.4.4]

18.04版本

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cat /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml
network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    enp6s18:
      addresses:
        - 10.x.x.44/24
      gateway4: 10.x.1.1x
      nameservers:
        addresses:
          - xxxx

ifconfig配置网卡

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ifconfig eth0 [$Private IP] netmask [$Subnet mask]
route add 0.0.0.0/0 gw [$Gateway]

2、配置阿里源

vim  /etc/apt/sources.list  

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ubantu16.04：
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main
 
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main
 
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
 
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
 
ubantu18.04:
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
 
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
 
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
 
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
 
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

#升级软件列表

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sudo apt-get update
 
sudo apt-get upgrade
 
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

ubuntu20.04升级22.04

do-release-upgrade

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deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb [arch=amd64] https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu focal stable
# deb-src [arch=amd64] https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu focal stable

ubuntu 18.04 安装docker和nvidia-container-toolkit

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##安装docker
apt-get -y install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common
curl -fsSL http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"
apt-get update && apt-get install -y docker-ce
 
##安装nvidia-container-toolkit
curl -s -L https://nvidia.github.io/nvidia-docker/gpgkey | sudo apt-key add -
 
distribution=$(. /etc/os-release;echo $ID$VERSION_ID)
 
curl -s -L https://nvidia.github.io/nvidia-docker/$distribution/nvidia-docker.list | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nvidia-docker.list
 
curl -s -L https://nvidia.github.io/nvidia-docker/$distribution/nvidia-docker.list | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nvidia-docker.list
 
apt-get update
 
apt-get install -y nvidia-container-toolkit
 
systemctl restart docker
 
docker run -d --gpus all  --name=dcgm-exporter  --restart=always  -p 9400:9400 nvcr.io/nvidia/k8s/dcgm-exporter:2.3.5-2.6.5-ubuntu20.04

二、常见问题

1、root账户问题

1、初始登录的时候root密码是随机的，自己改一个。

2、登录界面没有root选项

 

解决：

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gedit /usr/share/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/50-ubuntu.conf
 
第三行加入:greeter-show-manual-login=true

 

再次登录出现“登录”选项

 

进入最小化界面

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ctrl+alt+f1

ubantu18.04版本不一样，请参照

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http://www.c3389.com/index.php/post/454.html

问题

ubuntu重启后进入桌面版，nvidia-driver报错 Failed to initialize NVML: Driver/library version mismatch

设置运行级别（最小化）

解决：（遗留问题，每次重启服务器，nvidia-driver就需要重新装一次）

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#查看运行级别为5
runlevel
 
#查看默认运行级别
systemctl  get-default
 
#修改默认运行级别
systemctl  set-default graphical.target由命令行模式更改为图形界面模式
等效于 telinit 5
 
systemctl  set-default multi-user.target由图形界面模式更改为命令行模式
等效于 telinit 3

2、vi编辑器问题

Ubuntu安装完成后vi编辑器键盘不能正常使用，使用下面方法解决：

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cat   >  /etc/vim/vimrc.tiny << EOF
set runtimepath=~/.vim,/var/lib/vim/addons,/usr/share/vim/vimfiles,/usr/share/vim/vim81,/usr/share/vim/vimfiles/after,/var/lib/vim/addons/after,~/.vim/after
set nocompatible
set backspace=2
EOF

3、跨系统粘贴复制

在Ubuntu的命令行中执行一下命令（报错找六）

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# apt-get autoremove open-vm-tools
# apt-get install open-vm-tools
# apt-get install open-vm-tools-desktop

记得重启系统

4、root登录一直索要密码

安装apt-get install openssh-server

注意：/etc/ssh/ssh_config下不能瞎动

正确修改文件：/etc/ssh/sshd_config

5、不能使用TAB键、上下键，命令行不显示当前路径的解决

因默认ubuntu创建的普通帐号，默认shell为/bin/sh，而这不支持tab等键的，所以将「指定用户」帐号的shell改为/bin/bash就可以了。

查看当前的shell

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# echo $SHELL
/bin/sh

修改shell为/bin/bash

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usermod -s /bin/bash 用户名

6、root登录报错mesg:ttyname failed

 方法一：
将/root/.profile文件中的mesg n

替换成tty -s && mesg n

重启

方法二：

将非root账户目录中的.profile复制到/root/：

例如：cp /home/username/.profile /root/

重启

三、安装docker

1、安装相关包

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# 先更新一下软件源库信息
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install \
    apt-transport-https \
    ca-certificates \
    curl \
    software-properties-common

2、阿里云仓库

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$ curl -fsSL https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
 
$ sudo add-apt-repository \
     "deb [arch=amd64] https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu \
     $(lsb_release -cs) \
     stable"

3、安装

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$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install docker-ce # 安装最新版的docker

16.04遇到依赖问题（不知道为啥没有自动解决依赖！！！）

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The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 docker-ce : Depends: containerd.io (>= 1.4.1) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

解决：

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curl -O https://download.docker.com/linux/debian/dists/buster/pool/stable/amd64/containerd.io_1.4.3-1_amd64.deb
 
apt install ./containerd.io_1.4.3-1_amd64.deb

　　

　　

 

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