ubuntu
Ubuntu 20.04.5 LTS (Focal Fossa)
一、网络配置
1、配置静态ip
vim /etc/network/interfaces #interfaces(5) file used by ifup(8) and ifdown(8) auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto ens33 iface ens33 inet static address 192.168.40.201 gateway 192.168.40.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 dns-nameservers 114.114.114.114 8.8.8.8 （/etc/resolv.conf 自动会去读取 ） # /etc/init.d/networking restart （或者ifup ens33 重启网卡） [ ok ] Restarting networking (via systemctl): networking.service # cat /etc/resolv.conf nameserver 114.114.114.114 解决： root@ubuntu:~# route 查看路由 Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 192.168.40.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 ens33 192.168.122.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0 root@ubuntu:~# route add default gw 192.168.40.2 （添加本机的路由） root@ubuntu:~# route Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface default 192.168.40.2 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 ens33 192.168.40.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 ens33 192.168.122.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0 root@ubuntu:~# ping baidu.com PING baidu.com (220.181.38.148) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 220.181.38.148: icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=51.3 ms 64 bytes from 220.181.38.148: icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=34.3 ms 64 bytes from 220.181.38.148: icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=34.6 ms
22.04版本 无线网卡+ 网线电口设置为静态ip
cat 01-network-manager-all.yaml
network:
version: 2
wifis:
wlp3s0:
dhcp4: false
addresses: [ip/23]
routes:
- to: default
via: 192.168.1.1
table: 100 # 为 wlp3s0 指定路由表 100
routing-policy:
- from: ip
table: 100
nameservers:
addresses: [8.8.8.8, 8.8.4.4]
access-points:
"wifi-name":
password: "xxxxxx"
ethernets:
enp2s0:
dhcp4: false
addresses: [ip/24]
routes:
- to: default
via: ip
table: 101 # 为 enp2s0 指定路由表 101
routing-policy:
- from: 192.168.100.1
table: 101
nameservers:
addresses: [8.8.8.8, 8.8.4.4]
18.04版本
cat /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml
network:
version: 2
renderer: networkd
ethernets:
enp6s18:
addresses:
- 10.x.x.44/24
gateway4: 10.x.1.1x
nameservers:
addresses:
- xxxx
ifconfig配置网卡
ifconfig eth0 [$Private IP] netmask [$Subnet mask] route add 0.0.0.0/0 gw [$Gateway]
2、配置阿里源
vim /etc/apt/sources.list
ubantu16.04： deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe ubantu18.04: deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
#升级软件列表
sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get upgrade sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
ubuntu20.04升级22.04
do-release-upgrade
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse deb [arch=amd64] https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu focal stable # deb-src [arch=amd64] https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu focal stable
ubuntu 18.04 安装docker和nvidia-container-toolkit
##安装docker apt-get -y install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common curl -fsSL http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add - add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable" apt-get update && apt-get install -y docker-ce ##安装nvidia-container-toolkit curl -s -L https://nvidia.github.io/nvidia-docker/gpgkey | sudo apt-key add - distribution=$(. /etc/os-release;echo $ID$VERSION_ID) curl -s -L https://nvidia.github.io/nvidia-docker/$distribution/nvidia-docker.list | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nvidia-docker.list curl -s -L https://nvidia.github.io/nvidia-docker/$distribution/nvidia-docker.list | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nvidia-docker.list apt-get update apt-get install -y nvidia-container-toolkit systemctl restart docker docker run -d --gpus all --name=dcgm-exporter --restart=always -p 9400:9400 nvcr.io/nvidia/k8s/dcgm-exporter:2.3.5-2.6.5-ubuntu20.04
二、常见问题
1、root账户问题
1、初始登录的时候root密码是随机的，自己改一个。
2、登录界面没有root选项
解决：
gedit /usr/share/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/50-ubuntu.conf 第三行加入:greeter-show-manual-login=true
再次登录出现“登录”选项
进入最小化界面
ctrl+alt+f1
ubantu18.04版本不一样，请参照
http://www.c3389.com/index.php/post/454.html
问题
ubuntu重启后进入桌面版，nvidia-driver报错 Failed to initialize NVML: Driver/library version mismatch
设置运行级别（最小化）
解决：（遗留问题，每次重启服务器，nvidia-driver就需要重新装一次）
#查看运行级别为5 runlevel #查看默认运行级别 systemctl get-default #修改默认运行级别 systemctl set-default graphical.target由命令行模式更改为图形界面模式 等效于 telinit 5 systemctl set-default multi-user.target由图形界面模式更改为命令行模式 等效于 telinit 3
2、vi编辑器问题
Ubuntu安装完成后vi编辑器键盘不能正常使用，使用下面方法解决：
cat > /etc/vim/vimrc.tiny << EOF set runtimepath=~/.vim,/var/lib/vim/addons,/usr/share/vim/vimfiles,/usr/share/vim/vim81,/usr/share/vim/vimfiles/after,/var/lib/vim/addons/after,~/.vim/after set nocompatible set backspace=2 EOF
3、跨系统粘贴复制
在Ubuntu的命令行中执行一下命令（报错找六）
# apt-get autoremove open-vm-tools # apt-get install open-vm-tools # apt-get install open-vm-tools-desktop
记得重启系统
4、root登录一直索要密码
安装apt-get install openssh-server
注意：/etc/ssh/ssh_config下不能瞎动
正确修改文件：/etc/ssh/sshd_config
5、不能使用TAB键、上下键，命令行不显示当前路径的解决
因默认ubuntu创建的普通帐号，默认shell为/bin/sh，而这不支持tab等键的，所以将「指定用户」帐号的shell改为/bin/bash就可以了。
查看当前的shell
# echo $SHELL /bin/sh
修改shell为/bin/bash
usermod -s /bin/bash 用户名
6、root登录报错mesg:ttyname failed
方法一：
将/root/.profile文件中的mesg n
替换成tty -s && mesg n
重启
方法二：
将非root账户目录中的.profile复制到/root/：
例如：cp /home/username/.profile /root/
重启
三、安装docker
1、安装相关包
# 先更新一下软件源库信息
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install \
apt-transport-https \
ca-certificates \
curl \
software-properties-common
2、阿里云仓库
$ curl -fsSL https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
$ sudo add-apt-repository \
"deb [arch=amd64] https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu \
$(lsb_release -cs) \
stable"
3、安装
$ sudo apt-get update $ sudo apt-get install docker-ce # 安装最新版的docker
16.04遇到依赖问题（不知道为啥没有自动解决依赖！！！）
The following packages have unmet dependencies: docker-ce : Depends: containerd.io (>= 1.4.1) but it is not going to be installed E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
解决：
curl -O https://download.docker.com/linux/debian/dists/buster/pool/stable/amd64/containerd.io_1.4.3-1_amd64.deb apt install ./containerd.io_1.4.3-1_amd64.deb
