mysql数据的备份
一、备份方式
1、备份:逻辑备份(mysqldump,mydumper)
2、物理备份(xtrabackup、tar、cp、rsync)
3、冗余模式:主备模式、数据库集群
二、备份对象
1、数据(库、表) 2、日志文件
三、物理备份(适合大型数据库,不受引擎的限制)实验用的是mariadb,步骤按mysql来
1、percona-xtrabackup 物理备份 + binlog
1.1 下载软件包(两个地址可用,没有fq会比较慢)
https://www.percona.com/downloads/Percona-XtraBackup-LATEST/#
yum install https://repo.percona.com/yum/percona-release-latest.noarch.rpm yum install percona-xtrabackup-80 yum install qpress ##查看版本 xtrabackup -version 2022-07-06T21:37:27.635178+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] recognized server arguments: --datadir=/var/lib/mysql xtrabackup version 8.0.28-21 based on MySQL server 8.0.28 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: 78878e9b608)
1.2备份流程
>grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'localhost' identified by '密码';(授权自己定义) # innobackupex --user=root --password='5740##' /xtrabackup/full
# cd /xtrabackup/full/ (备份目录) # ls 2019-11-05_06-38-48 #cat /xtrabackup/full/2017-08-01_00-00-18/xtrabackup_binlog_info (二进制日志文件)
1.3恢复流程
#systemctl stop mysqld
# innobackupex --apply-log /xtrabackup/full/2017-08-01_00-00-18/ (生成回滚日志) # innobackupex --copy-back /xtrabackup/full/2017-08-01_00-00-18/ (恢复文件)
1.4增量备份(差异备份及其恢复大致一样)
innobackupex --user=root --password='密码' --incremental /xtrabackup/ --incremental-basedir=/xtrabackup/2017-09-01_00-00-04
(basedir基于周一的备份。会生成一个今天的。)
2、tar备份数据库(物理备份)
2.1备份
# systemctl stop mariadb # tar -cf /backup/`date +%F`-mariadb-all.tar /var/lib/mysql (备份成功)
2.2恢复
# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/* # tar -xf /backup/2016-12-07-mysql-all.tar -C / (-C / 会让tar包恢复到原来的路径) # systemctl start mariadb
3、Lvm快照实现物理备份 + binlog(物理备份))
四、逻辑备份
1、细节不在累述(看官网https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/reloading-sql-format-dumps.html)
# mysqldump -p'密码' \ --all-databases --single-transaction \ #保证导出的一致性状态--single-transaction --master-data=2 \ #master-data=2 注释掉日志记录 --flush-logs \ > /backup/`date +%F-%H`-mysql-all.sql
2、恢复
mysql -p'密码' < /backup/2016-12-08-04-mysql-all.sql
https://blog.csdn.net/yp090416/article/details/108143521 mysql每天定时自动全库备份、灾备、docker 值得一看
https://www.cnblogs.com/linuxk/p/9371475.html mysqldump备份和恢复,介绍详细,参数讲解,分引擎备份
Mysql-Xtrabackup全备+增量+还原+实战 (qq.com)
https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/u-TONWrlJFiMenX2fXhFSQ
https://blog.csdn.net/yp090416/article/details/108143521
https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/Y4jIa0yetzhHGBKwkcAlpA