JAVA之I/O流

I/O流

1、File类

• 参考API文档

2、四个基本流

• 基于字节的输入流：InputStream-->FileInputStream

• 基于字节的输出流：OutputStream-->FileOutputStream

• 基于字符的输入流：Reader-->InputStreamReader

  • FileReader 继承于InputStreamReader

• 基于字符的输出流：Writer-->OutPutStreamWriter

  • FileWriter继承于OutPutStreamWriter

注意：

/* 输入流和输出流是站在内存的角度考虑数据的

• 输入流：数据输入到内存中。

• 输出流：数据从内存中输出。

• 缓存：BufferedReader 和BufferedWriter 这个是带有缓存的封装

3、两个缓冲流

BufferedReader

BufferedWriter

4、基于字节读取文件

​
import java.io.FileInputStream;
​
//文件流(基于字节)
public class Test3 {
​
    //以字节为单位读取文件“D:\18级大数据方向\Test.java”的内容，并输出到控制台
    //输入流、基于字节(InputStream)
    
    public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("D:\\18级大数据方向\\Test.java");
        
        //以字节为单位，进行读取
        
        //单个字节读取
        /*
        int byt;
        while((byt=fis.read()) != -1) {
            System.out.print((char)byt);
        }
        fis.close();//关闭流
        */
        
        //批量字节读取
        byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
        
        int nums;//实际读到的字节个数
        while((nums=fis.read(bytes)) != -1) {
            //本次读取到nums个字节，放在bytes数组里
            //bytes[0]--bytes[nums-1]
            String s = new String(bytes,0,nums);
            System.out.print(s);
        }   
    }
}

 

5、基于字符读取文件

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileReader;
​
//文件流(基于字符)
public class Test4 {
​
    public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
        //构建基于字符的输入流
        FileReader fr = new FileReader("D:\\18级大数据方向\\Test.java");
        
        //单字符读取
        /*
        int n;
        while((n=fr.read()) != -1) {
            System.out.print((char)n);
        }
        fr.close();
        */
        
        //批量字符读取
        char[] chars = new char[100];
        int nums;
        while((nums=fr.read(chars)) != -1) {
            //读取到了nums个字符，放在chars数组里
            String s = new String(chars,0,nums);
            System.out.print(s);
        }
        fr.close();
    }
}

 

6、基于字节写入文件

import java.io.FileOutputStream;
​
public class Test5 {
​
    public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
        
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("D:\\18级大数据方向\\abc.txt");
        
        String msg = "hello 中国!";
        byte[] bytes = msg.getBytes();
        //System.out.println(bytes.length);
        
        //单个字节写出
        /*
        for(byte b:bytes) {
            fos.write(b);
        }
        */
        
        
        //批量字节写出
        fos.write(bytes);
        //fos.write(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
        
        fos.close();
    }
}
​

 

7、基于字符写入文件

import java.io.FileWriter;
​
public class Test6 {
​
    public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
        
        FileWriter fw = new FileWriter("D:\\18级大数据方向\\abc.txt",true);
        
        String msg = "hello 中国!";
        char[] chars = msg.toCharArray();
        
        for(char c:chars) {
            fw.write(c);
        }
        fw.close();
        
    }
}
​

 

8、利用I/O流进行文本复制

P.S.参考了 徐同学coding 的博客（https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_36586120/article/details/80486112)

​

import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
​
//基于单个字节的文本复制（未使用缓冲），fun1耗时为：1281毫秒
public class TestIOtime {
    public void fun1() throws IOException {
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("D:\\18级大数据方向\\Test.java");//185K
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("D:\\桌面\\Test.java");
        
        int by = 0 ;
        while ((by = fis.read())!=-1) {         
            fos.write(by);
        }
        fis.close();
        fos.close();
    }
    //基于字节数组的文本复制（未使用缓冲）,fun1耗时为：2毫秒
    public void fun2() throws IOException {
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("D:\\18级大数据方向\\Test.java");
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("D:\\桌面\\Test2.java");
        
        int length = 0;
        byte [] by =new byte[1024];
        while ((length = fis.read(by))!=-1) {
            fos.write(by);
        }
        fis.close();
        fos.close();
    }
    
    //基于单个字节的文本复制（使用缓冲）, fun3耗时为：9毫秒
    public void fun3() throws IOException {
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("D:\\18级大数据方向\\Test.java");
        BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(fis);
        
        FileOutputStream fos =new FileOutputStream("D:\\桌面\\Test3.java");
        BufferedOutputStream bos =new BufferedOutputStream(fos);
        
        int by = 0;
        while ((by = bis.read())!=-1) {
            bos.write(by);
        }
        bis.close();
        fis.close();
        bos.close();
        fos.close();
        
    }
    
    //基于字节数组的复制（使用缓冲）, fun4耗时为：1毫秒
    public void fun4() throws IOException {
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("D:\\18级大数据方向\\Test.java");
        BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(fis);
        
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("D:\\桌面\\Test4.java");
        BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(fos);
        
        byte [] by = new byte[1024];
        int length = 0;
        
        while ((length = bis.read(by))!=-1) {
            bos.write(by);
        }
        bis.close();
        fis.close();
        bos.close();
        fos.close();
    }
    
    //基于单个字符复制文本（未使用缓冲）,fun5耗时为：49毫秒
    public void fun5() throws IOException {
        FileReader fr = new FileReader("D:\\18级大数据方向\\Test.java");
​
        FileWriter fw =new FileWriter("D:\\桌面\\Test5.java");
        
        
        int n;
        while ((n = fr.read())!=-1) {
            
            fw.write(n);
        }
        
        fr.close();
        fw.close();
        
    }

//基于单个字符复制文本（使用缓冲）,fun6耗时为：17毫秒
public void fun6() throws IOException {
FileReader fr = new FileReader("D:\\18级大数据方向\\Test.java");
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(fr);

FileWriter fw =new FileWriter("D:\\桌面\\Test6.java");
BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(fw);


int n;
while ((n = br.read())!=-1) {

bw.write(n);
    }
br.close();
fr.close();
bw.close();
fw.close();

    }


//基于批量字符复制文本(未使用缓冲)，fun7耗时为：10毫秒<char数组容量在100一下耗时会增高，100以上耗时波动不大>

public void fun7() throws IOException {
FileReader fr = new FileReader("D:\\18级大数据方向\\Test.java");
FileWriter fw =new FileWriter("D:\\桌面\\Test7.java");

char [] c = new char[100];
int n;
while (( n = fr.read(c))!=-1) {
fw.write(c);
    }
fr.close();
fw.close();

    }

//基于批量字符复制文本（使用缓冲），fun8耗时为：4毫秒,同fun7，为啥这里感觉缓冲意义不大？原因因该出在字符数组上，总感觉哪里不对
public void fun8() throws IOException {
FileReader fr = new FileReader("D:\\18级大数据方向\\Test.java");
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(fr);
FileWriter fw = new FileWriter("D:\\桌面\\Test8.java");
BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(fw);

char []c = new char[100];
int length = 0;
while ((length = br.read(c))!=-1) {
bw.write(c);
    }
br.close();
fr.close();
bw.close();
fw.close();
    }





public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
long t1 = 0;
long t2 = 0;


t1 =System.currentTimeMillis();
new TestIOtime().fun1();
t2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.print("fun1耗时为：");
System.out.println(t2-t1+"毫秒");



t1 =System.currentTimeMillis();
new TestIOtime().fun2();
t2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.print("fun2耗时为：");
System.out.println(t2-t1+"毫秒");



t1 =System.currentTimeMillis();
new TestIOtime().fun3();
t2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.print("fun3耗时为：");
System.out.println(t2-t1+"毫秒");



t1 =System.currentTimeMillis();
new TestIOtime().fun4();
t2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.print("fun4耗时为：");
System.out.println(t2-t1+"毫秒");



t1 =System.currentTimeMillis();
new TestIOtime().fun5();
t2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.print("fun5耗时为：");
System.out.println(t2-t1+"毫秒");



t1 =System.currentTimeMillis();
new TestIOtime().fun6();
t2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.print("fun6耗时为：");
System.out.println(t2-t1+"毫秒");



t1 =System.currentTimeMillis();
new TestIOtime().fun7();
t2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.print("fun7耗时为：");
System.out.println(t2-t1+"毫秒");


t1 =System.currentTimeMillis();
new TestIOtime().fun8();
t2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.print("fun8耗时为：");
System.out.println(t2-t1+"毫秒");
    }}​