自定义全局异常处理器(Java)

正常业务系统中,当前后端分离时,系统即使有未知异常,也要保证接口能返回错误提示,也需要根据业务规则制定相应的异常状态码和异常提示。所以需要一个全局异常处理器。相关代码:GitHub

异常

下面是 Java 异常继承图:

                     ┌───────────┐
                     │  Object   │
                     └───────────┘
                           ▲
                           │
                     ┌───────────┐
                     │ Throwable │
                     └───────────┘
                           ▲
                 ┌─────────┴─────────┐
                 │                   │
           ┌───────────┐       ┌───────────┐
           │   Error   │       │ Exception │
           └───────────┘       └───────────┘
                 ▲                   ▲
         ┌───────┘              ┌────┴──────────┐
         │                      │               │
┌─────────────────┐    ┌─────────────────┐┌───────────┐
│OutOfMemoryError │... │RuntimeException ││IOException│...
└─────────────────┘    └─────────────────┘└───────────┘
                                ▲
                    ┌───────────┴─────────────┐
                    │                         │
         ┌─────────────────────┐ ┌─────────────────────────┐
         │NullPointerException │ │IllegalArgumentException │...
         └─────────────────────┘ └─────────────────────────┘

根据编译时是否需要捕获,异常可以分为两类:1、写代码时,编译器规定必须捕获的异常,不捕获将报错;2、(抛出后)不必须捕获的异常,编译器对此类异常不做处理。

  • 必须捕获的异常:Exception 以及 Exception 除去 RuntimeException 的子类。

  • 不必须捕获的异常:Error 以及 Error 的子类;RuntimeException 以及 RuntimeException 的子类。

必须捕获的异常:

    @GetMapping("/testThrowIOException")
    public ApiResponse<Void> testThrowIOException() {

        testThrowIOException(); // 将报错
        return ApiResponse.success();
    }

    private void throwIOException() throws IOException {
        System.out.println("testThrowIOException");
        throw new IOException();
    }

不必须捕获的异常:

    @GetMapping("/testThrowRuntimeException")
    public ApiResponse<Void> testThrowRuntimeException() {

        throwRuntimeException(); // 不报错
        return ApiResponse.success();
    }

    private void throwRuntimeException() { // 无需 throws
        System.out.println("testThrowRuntimeException");
        throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException();
    }

不过在运行时,任何异常都可以进行捕获处理,避免接口没有返回值的情况。

抛异常

常见异常处理方式有两种,1、捕获后处理,2、抛出。抛出也分为捕获后抛出和直接抛出。

当本身没有异常,却使用 throws 抛出异常时,此时相当于没有抛异常(将拦截不到异常)。

    @GetMapping("/testThrowIOException2")
    public ApiResponse<Void> testThrowIOException2() throws IOException {

        throwIOException2();
        return ApiResponse.success();
    }

    private void throwIOException2() throws IOException {
        System.out.println("testThrowIOException");
    }

打印异常

打印异常可以使用 Logback 打印,其相关方法的使用: log.error(e.getMessage(), e); 相当于下面这两条语句:

System.out.println(e.getMessage()); // 打印异常信息
e.printStackTrace(); // 打印异常调用栈

减少 NullPointException 的方式是设置默认值。

测试 Error

测试 StackOverflowError,设置栈的大小为 256K,IDEA(VM options): -Xss256k;命令行:java -Xss256k JavaVMStackSOF

class JavaVMStackSOF {
    public int stackLength = 1;

    public void stackLeak() {
        stackLength++;
        stackLeak();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Throwable {
        JavaVMStackSOF oom = new JavaVMStackSOF();
        try {
            oom.stackLeak();
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            System.out.println("stack length:" + oom.stackLength);
            throw e;
        }
    }
}
stack length:1693
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.StackOverflowError
	at wang.depp.exception.JavaVMStackSOF.stackLeak(JavaVMStackSOF.java:10)
	at wang.depp.exception.JavaVMStackSOF.stackLeak(JavaVMStackSOF.java:11)
	...

测试 OutOfMemoryError,设置 Java 堆的大小为 128M,IDEA(VM options):-Xms10M -Xmx10M;命令行:java -Xms10M -Xmx10M wang.depp.exception.HeapOOM(如果类中包含 package 路径,需 cd 到 java 目录后运行此命令)

package wang.depp.exception;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class HeapOOM {
    static class OOMObject {
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<OOMObject> list = new ArrayList<>();
        while (true) {
            list.add(new OOMObject());
        }
    }
}
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space
	at java.base/java.util.Arrays.copyOf(Arrays.java:3720)
	at java.base/java.util.Arrays.copyOf(Arrays.java:3689)
	...

全局异常处理器

自定义异常

自定义异常从 RuntimeException 派生,构造方法使用 super(message);super(message, cause);。添加状态码和参数属性。

public abstract class BaseException extends RuntimeException {
    private int code; // 状态码
    private String message;
    private Object[] args; // 参数
    private IResponseEnum responseEnum;

    public BaseException(IResponseEnum iResponseEnum, Object[] args, String message) {
        super(message);
        this.code = iResponseEnum.getCode();
        this.message = message;
        this.responseEnum = iResponseEnum;
        this.args = args;
    }

    public BaseException(IResponseEnum iResponseEnum, Object[] args, String message, Throwable cause) {
        super(message, cause);
        this.code = iResponseEnum.getCode();
        this.message = message;
        this.responseEnum = iResponseEnum;
        this.args = args;
    }

    public int getCode() {
        return this.code;
    }

    public String getMessage() {
        return this.message;
    }

    public Object[] getArgs() {
        return this.args;
    }

    public IResponseEnum getResponseEnum() {
        return this.responseEnum;
    }
}

当前服务的业务异常不用每个单独作为一个异常类,可通过 message 和 code 来做一个区分。

public class LoanException extends BusinessException {

    public static LoanException INTERNAL_ERROR = new LoanException(ResponseEnum.SERVER_ERROR);
    public static LoanException REJECT = new LoanException(ResponseEnum.REJECT);
    public static LoanException BAND_FAIL = new LoanException(ResponseEnum.BAND_FAIL);
    public static LoanException FORBIDDEN = new LoanException(ResponseEnum.FORBIDDEN);
    public static LoanException DB_OPTIMISTIC_LOCK = new LoanException(ResponseEnum.DB_OPTIMISTIC_LOCK);

    public LoanException(IResponseEnum responseEnum) {
        super(responseEnum, null, responseEnum.getMessage());
    }

    public LoanException(IResponseEnum responseEnum, String message) {
        super(responseEnum, null, message);
    }

}
    @GetMapping("/testLoanException")
    private ApiResponse<Void> testLoanException() {
        throw LoanException.REJECT;
    }

为不同的业务错误场景设置相关枚举类型(状态码、错误提示)。为枚举添加可断言判断抛出异常功能。

public interface Assert {
    BaseException newException(Object... var1);

    BaseException newException(Throwable var1, Object... var2);

    default void assertNotNull(Object obj) {
        if (obj == null) {
            throw this.newException((Object[])null);
        }
    }

    default void assertNotNull(Object obj, Object... args) {
        if (obj == null) {
            throw this.newException(args);
        }
    }

    default void assertTrue(boolean flag) {
        if (!flag) {
            throw this.newException((Object[])null);
        }
    }

    default void assertTrue(boolean flag, Object... args) {
        if (!flag) {
            throw this.newException((Object[])null);
        }
    }
}
public interface BusinessExceptionAssert extends IResponseEnum, Assert {
    default BaseException newException(Object... args) {
        String msg = MessageFormat.format(this.getMessage(), args);
        return new BusinessException(this, args, msg);
    }

    default BaseException newException(Throwable t, Object... args) {
        String msg = MessageFormat.format(this.getMessage(), args);
        return new BusinessException(this, args, msg, t);
    }
}
@Getter
@AllArgsConstructor
public enum ResponseEnum implements BusinessExceptionAssert {

    SUCCESS(111000,"success"),
    PARAM_VALID_ERROR(111001,"param check error."),
    SERVER_ERROR(111002,"server error."),
    LOGIN_ERROR(111003,"login error"),
    UNAUTHORIZED(111004, "unauthorized"),
    SERVICE_ERROR(111005,"service error."),
    FORBIDDEN(114003, "forbidden"),
    TIMEOUT(114000, "timeout"),
    REJECT(114001, "reject"),
    EMAIL_CONFLICT(114002, "email conflict"),
    EMAIL_VERIFY_FAIL(114004, "email verify fail"),
    DB_OPTIMISTIC_LOCK(114008, "update fail"),// 数据库乐观锁
    EMAIL_SEND_FAIL(114011, "email send fail"),
    DATA_NOT_FOUND(114012, "data not found"),
    LOGIN_TOKEN_VERIFY_FAIL(114014, "login token verify fail"),
    ;

    /**
     * 返回码
     */
    private int code;
    /**
     * 返回消息
     */
    private String message;

}
    @GetMapping("/test")
    public ApiResponse<String> test(String value) {
        ResponseEnum.SERVICE_ERROR.assertNotNull(value);
        return ApiResponse.success("true");
    }

全局异常管理器

@Slf4j
@ControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
    /**
     * 生产环境
     */
    private final static String ENV_PROD = "production";

    /**
     * 当前环境
     */
    @Value("${env}")
    private String profile;

    /**
     * 业务异常
     *
     * @param e 异常
     * @return 异常结果
     */
    @ExceptionHandler(value = BusinessException.class)
    @ResponseBody
    public ApiResponse<String> handleBusinessException(BaseException e) {
        log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
        log.error("BusinessException");
        return ApiResponse.fail(e.getCode(), e.getMessage());
    }

    /**
     * 非错误编码类系统异常
     *
     * @param e 异常
     * @return 异常结果
     */
    @ExceptionHandler(value = SystemException.class)
    @ResponseBody
    public ApiResponse<String> handleBaseException(SystemException e) {
        return getServerErrorApiResponse(e);
    }

    /**
     * Controller 上一层相关异常
     *
     * @param e 异常
     * @return 异常结果
     */
    @ExceptionHandler({NoHandlerFoundException.class,
            HttpRequestMethodNotSupportedException.class,
            HttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException.class,
            MissingPathVariableException.class,
            MissingServletRequestParameterException.class,
            TypeMismatchException.class,
            HttpMessageNotReadableException.class,
            HttpMessageNotWritableException.class,
            // BindException.class,
            // MethodArgumentNotValidException.class
            HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException.class,
            ServletRequestBindingException.class,
            ConversionNotSupportedException.class,
            MissingServletRequestPartException.class,
            AsyncRequestTimeoutException.class
    })
    @ResponseBody
    public ApiResponse<String> handleServletException(Exception e) {
        return getServerErrorApiResponse(e);
    }

    /**
     * 未定义异常。相当于全局异常捕获处理器。
     *
     * @param e 异常
     * @return 异常结果
     */
    @ExceptionHandler(value = Exception.class)
    @ResponseBody
    public ApiResponse<String> handleException(Exception e) {
        return getServerErrorApiResponse(e);
    }

    private ApiResponse<String> getServerErrorApiResponse(Exception e) {
        int code = ResponseEnum.SERVER_ERROR.getCode();
        String productShowMessage = ResponseEnum.SERVER_ERROR.getMessage();
        if (ENV_PROD.equals(profile)) {
            return ApiResponse.fail(code, productShowMessage);
        }
        return ApiResponse.fail(code, e.getMessage());
    }
}

使用 @ControllerAdvice + @ExceptionHandler 实现对指定异常的捕获。此时运行时异常和 Error 也能被捕获。

延伸阅读

posted @ 2020-11-06 23:38  DeppWXQ  阅读(1568)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报