SQLite3-各个函数

首先,添加framework:libsqlite3.0.dylib

需要在对应文件的头文件中加入:

  #import "/usr/include/sqlite3.h"
并在Frameworks中加入所需的库,否则会报错:

  Undefined symbols: 
  "_sqlite3_open", referenced from:
加入库的方法是:

image
选择sqlite库:

image
选择完的效果:

image
下面是代码:

//sqlite    
    [self openDataBase];   
    //[self createTable];   
    //[self insertTable];   
    [self queryTable];   
       
       
    [self deleteTable];   
    [self queryTable];   
实现:

//open database   
- (void)openDataBase   
{   
    NSArray *documentsPaths=NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory   
                                                                , NSUserDomainMask    
                                                                , YES);    
    NSString *databaseFilePath=[[documentsPaths objectAtIndex:0] stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"db.sql"];   
       
    if (sqlite3_open([databaseFilePath UTF8String], &database)==SQLITE_OK)    
    {    
        NSLog(@"open sqlite db ok.");    
    }   
    else    
    {   
        NSLog( @"can not open sqlite db " );   
   
        //close database   
        sqlite3_close(database);    
    }   
}   
   
//create table   
- (void)createTable   
{   
    char *errorMsg;   
    const char *createSql="create table if not exists persons (id integer primary key autoincrement,name text)";   
       
    if (sqlite3_exec(database, createSql, NULL, NULL, &errorMsg)==SQLITE_OK)    
    {    
        NSLog(@"create ok.");    
    }   
    else    
    {   
        NSLog( @"can not create table" );   
        [self ErrorReport:(NSString *)createSql];   
    }   
}   
   
   
//insert table   
- (void)insertTable   
{   
    char *errorMsg;   
   
    const char *insertSql="insert into persons (name) values ('田周辉')";    
    if (sqlite3_exec(database, insertSql, NULL, NULL, &errorMsg)==SQLITE_OK)    
    {    
        NSLog(@"insert ok.");    
    }   
    else    
    {   
        NSLog( @"can not insert it to table" );   
        [self ErrorReport: (NSString *)insertSql];   
    }   
}   
   
   
//error    
- (void)ErrorReport: (NSString *)item   
{   
    char *errorMsg;   
       
    if (sqlite3_exec(database, (const char *)item, NULL, NULL, &errorMsg)==SQLITE_OK)   
    {    
        NSLog(@"%@ ok.",item);    
    }   
    else    
    {    
        NSLog(@"error: %s",errorMsg);    
        sqlite3_free(errorMsg);    
    }   
}   
   
   
//query table   
- (void)queryTable   
{   
    const char *selectSql="select id,name from persons";    
    sqlite3_stmt *statement;    
    if (sqlite3_prepare_v2(database, selectSql, -1, &statement, nil)==SQLITE_OK)   
    {    
        NSLog(@"select ok.");    
        while (sqlite3_step(statement)==SQLITE_ROW)//SQLITE_OK SQLITE_ROW   
        {    
            int _id=sqlite3_column_int(statement, 0);    
            NSString *name=[[NSString alloc] initWithCString:(char *)sqlite3_column_text(statement, 1) encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];    
            NSLog(@"row>>id %i, name>> %@",_id,name);    
        }   
           
    }   
    else    
    {   
        //error   
        [self ErrorReport: (NSString *)selectSql];   
    }   
       
    sqlite3_finalize(statement);   
}   
   
//delete table   
- (void)deleteTable   
{      
    char *errorMsg;   
    [self openDataBase];   
       
    const char *sql = "DELETE FROM persons where id=24";   
    if (sqlite3_exec(database, sql, NULL, NULL, &errorMsg)==SQLITE_OK)    
    {    
        NSLog(@"delete ok.");    
    }   
    else    
    {   
        NSLog( @"can not delete it" );   
        [self ErrorReport: (NSString *)sql];   
    }   
       
}   
命令行:

sqlite3 database  //创建数据库 
              crate table tableFile(id smallint, file_name varchar(256), up_state smallint, file_size smallint); //创建一个表格 
        insert into tableFile values(1, "200110101.rcu", 100, 4500);   //插入数据 
5 如何访问SQLite3数据库 
sqlite3_open //打开数据库 
sqlite3_prepare //将UTF-8格式的SQL语句转换为指向已备语句的指针 
sqlite3_column_string //返回某一行的字符串 
sqlite3_finalize //删除一条已备语句 
sqlite3_close //关闭数据库 
 
6 source code 
 
- (id)lookupSingularSQL:(NSString *)sql forType:(NSString *)rettype { 
 
sqlite3_stmt *statement; 
 
id result; 
 
if (statement = [self prepare:sql]) { 
 
if (sqlite3_step(statement) == SQLITE_ROW) { 
 
if ([rettype compare:@"text"] == NSOrderedSame) { 
 
char temp_buf[256]; 
 
memset(temp_buf, 0, 256); 
 
sprintf(temp_buf, "%s %s %s %s",  
 
(char *)sqlite3_column_text(statement,0), 
 
(char *)sqlite3_column_text(statement,1), 
 
(char *)sqlite3_column_text(statement,2), 
 
(char *)sqlite3_column_text(statement,3) 
 
); 
 
result = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:temp_buf]; 
 
//result = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:(char *)sqlite3_column_text(statement,0)]; 
 
} else if ([rettype compare:@"integer"] == NSOrderedSame) { 
 
result = (id)sqlite3_column_int(statement,0); 
 
            } 
 
} 
 
} 
 
sqlite3_finalize(statement); 
 
return result; 
 
} 
应该有个成员变量,比如我的代码:

@interface DetailViewController : UIViewController { 
UIPopoverController *popoverController; 
UIToolbar *toolbar; 
id detailItem; 
UILabel *detailDescriptionLabel; 
sqlite3 *database; 
打开数据库

SQLite数据库是文件数据库,是保存在文件系统中的。因此需要知道文件保存到哪里,可参见iOS中对文件的操作。比如本文保存到Documents目录下。代码:

NSArray *documentsPaths=NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory 
, NSUserDomainMask 
, YES); 
NSString *databaseFilePath=[[documentsPaths objectAtIndex:0] stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"mydb"]; 
if (sqlite3_open([databaseFilePath UTF8String], &database)==SQLITE_OK) { 
NSLog(@"open sqlite db ok."); 
} 
通过ssh查看Documents目录,发现mydb文件已经创建。sqlite的策略是如果有该文件就打开,如果没有就创建文件,也就是创建数据库。

这里要注意,使用的是C语法,sqlite3_open传入的是database的地址。

关闭数据库

数据库使用完毕后,要关闭,比如退出应用的时候:

- (void)viewDidUnload { 
// Release any retained subviews of the main view. 
// e.g. self.myOutlet = nil; 
sqlite3_close(database); 
self.popoverController = nil; 
} 
建表语句

数据库打开以后,如果没有表,建表:

char *errorMsg; 
const char *createSql="create table if not exists persons (id integer primary key autoincrement,name text)"; 
if (sqlite3_exec(database, createSql, NULL, NULL, &errorMsg)==SQLITE_OK) { 
NSLog(@"create ok."); 
} 
这里要特别注意errorMsg传的是地址,因为该函数要通过地址引用来写报错字符信息。

向表中插入记录

和建表语句类似:

const char *insertSql="insert into persons (name) values(‘张三’)"; 
if (sqlite3_exec(database, insertSql, NULL, NULL, &errorMsg)==SQLITE_OK) { 
NSLog(@"insert ok."); 
} 
错误信息的处理

如果在多个地方使用errorMsg,那么每次使用完毕要清空一下字串,比如这样:

if (sqlite3_exec(database, createSql, NULL, NULL, &errorMsg)==SQLITE_OK) { 
NSLog(@"create ok."); 
}else { 
NSLog(@"error: %s",errorMsg); 
sqlite3_free(errorMsg); 
} 
查询结果集

结果集的查询,需要用到statement:

const char *selectSql="select id,name from persons"; 
sqlite3_stmt *statement; 
if (sqlite3_prepare_v2(database, selectSql, -1, &statement, nil)==SQLITE_OK) { 
NSLog(@"select ok."); 
} 
while (sqlite3_step(statement)==SQLITE_ROW) { 
int _id=sqlite3_column_int(statement, 0); 
char *name=(char *)sqlite3_column_text(statement, 1); 
NSLog(@"row>>id %i, name %s",_id,name); 
} 
sqlite3_finalize(statement); 
不过这里有个问题,看看打印的日志:

image
乱码。因为直接用的char类型来做的。

解决办法是,用nsstring替代char:

while (sqlite3_step(statement)==SQLITE_ROW) { 
int _id=sqlite3_column_int(statement, 0); 
NSString *name=[[NSString alloc] initWithCString:(char *)sqlite3_column_text(statement, 1) encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]; 
NSLog(@"row>>id %i, name %@",_id,name); 
} 
char生成nsstring的时候做一次显式的编码。问题解决:

image
这说明:

写入数据库,用char的方式没有问题,写入数据库的编码是对的;

从库中取出,可能默认使用ascii解码,造成显示乱码。

使用sqlite c api,要经常参考官方函数文档:http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/funclist.html

  

posted @ 2015-06-25 14:34  D飞翔的猫  阅读(191)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报