MySQL 4 种隔离级别的区别

## 测试环境
mysql> select version();
+------------+
| version()  |
+------------+
| 5.7.11-log |
+------------+

数据库事务特性 ACID,即

A(Atomicity)   -原子性

C(Consistency)- 一致性

I(Isolation)     - 隔离性

D(Durability)   - 持久性

MySQL 提供了 4 种不同的隔离级别,用来支持多版本并发控制(MVCC,Multi-Version Concurrency Control)。

默认的事务隔离级别是 REPEATABLE-READ(可重读):

mysql> select @@global.tx_isolation, @@session.tx_isolation;
+-------------------------+---------------------------+
| @@global.tx_isolation   | @@session.tx_isolation    |
+-------------------------+---------------------------+
| REPEATABLE-READ         | REPEATABLE-READ           |
+-------------------------+---------------------------+

在该事务级别下,一个事务期间内,该事务不考虑其他提交语句。

 

0x00、测试准备

1. 创建测试表

mysql> CREATE TABLE `transaction_test` (
  `id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `val` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
  `created` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1

 

2. 开启两个 MySQL 客户端进行测试

 

0x01、REPEATABLE-READ(可重读)

step 1:

在 Client 1 下开启事务,查询测试表中的数据:

mysql> start transaction;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from transaction_test;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

 

step 2:

在 Client 2 下开启事务,并且往测试表中插入数据,但不提交事务:

mysql> start transaction;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into transaction_test (val) values ('x'),('y'),('z');
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 3  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from transaction_test;
+----+-----+---------------------+
| id | val | created             |
+----+-----+---------------------+
|  1 | x   | 2017-02-06 00:20:59 |
|  2 | y   | 2017-02-06 00:20:59 |
|  3 | z   | 2017-02-06 00:20:59 |
+----+-----+---------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

step 3:

在 Client 1 下查看表中数据:

mysql> select * from transaction_test;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

仍然是空表。

 

step 4:

Client 2 提交事务:

mysql> commit;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.12 sec)

 

step 5:

Client 1 下查看表中数据:

mysql> select * from transaction_test;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

任然是空表。

 

step 6:

Client 1 提交事务,查看表中数据:

mysql> commit;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from transaction_test;
+----+-----+---------------------+
| id | val | created             |
+----+-----+---------------------+
|  1 | x   | 2017-02-06 00:20:59 |
|  2 | y   | 2017-02-06 00:20:59 |
|  3 | z   | 2017-02-06 00:20:59 |
+----+-----+---------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

当 Client 1 完成事务后,才能看到其他事务提交的数据。

 

0x02、READ-COMMITTED(读取提交内容)

step 1:

Client 1 中清空表,改变数据库隔离级别:

mysql> truncate table transaction_test;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.10 sec)

mysql> set @@session.tx_isolation = 'READ-COMMITTED';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select @@global.tx_isolation, @@session.tx_isolation;
+-----------------------+------------------------+
| @@global.tx_isolation | @@session.tx_isolation |
+-----------------------+------------------------+
| REPEATABLE-READ       | READ-COMMITTED         |
+-----------------------+------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

 

step 2:

Client 1 开启事务,查询表中数据:

mysql> start transaction;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from transaction_test;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

 

step 3:

Client 2 开启事务,向表中插入数据,但不提交事务:

mysql> start transaction;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into transaction_test (val) values ('x'),('y'),('z');
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 3  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from transaction_test;
+----+-----+---------------------+
| id | val | created             |
+----+-----+---------------------+
|  1 | x   | 2017-02-06 00:31:00 |
|  2 | y   | 2017-02-06 00:31:00 |
|  3 | z   | 2017-02-06 00:31:00 |
+----+-----+---------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

step 4:

Client 1 下查看表中数据:

mysql> select * from transaction_test;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

仍然是空表。

 

step 5:

Client 2 提交事务:

mysql> commit;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.13 sec)

 

step 6:

Client 1 下查看表中数据:

mysql> select * from transaction_test;
+----+-----+---------------------+
| id | val | created             |
+----+-----+---------------------+
|  1 | x   | 2017-02-06 00:31:00 |
|  2 | y   | 2017-02-06 00:31:00 |
|  3 | z   | 2017-02-06 00:31:00 |
+----+-----+---------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

与 REPEATABLE-READ 不同的是,Client 1 没有结束事务也能看到其他事务提交的数据。

 

0x03、READ-UNCOMMITTED(读取未提交内容)

step 1:

Client 1 下清空表,设置隔离级别:

mysql> truncate table transaction_test;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.10 sec)

mysql> set @@session.tx_isolation = 'READ-UNCOMMITTED';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select @@global.tx_isolation, @@session.tx_isolation;
+-----------------------+------------------------+
| @@global.tx_isolation | @@session.tx_isolation |
+-----------------------+------------------------+
| REPEATABLE-READ       | READ-UNCOMMITTED       |
+-----------------------+------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

 

step 2:

Client 1 下开启事务,查询表数据:

mysql> start transaction;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from transaction_test;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

 

step 3:

Client 2 下开启事务,向表中插入数据,但是不提交事务:

mysql> start transaction;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into transaction_test (val) values ('x'),('y'),('z');
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 3  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from transaction_test;
+----+-----+---------------------+
| id | val | created             |
+----+-----+---------------------+
|  1 | x   | 2017-02-06 00:43:59 |
|  2 | y   | 2017-02-06 00:43:59 |
|  3 | z   | 2017-02-06 00:43:59 |
+----+-----+---------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

step 4:

Client 1 中查询数据:

mysql> select * from transaction_test;
+----+-----+---------------------+
| id | val | created             |
+----+-----+---------------------+
|  1 | x   | 2017-02-06 00:43:59 |
|  2 | y   | 2017-02-06 00:43:59 |
|  3 | z   | 2017-02-06 00:43:59 |
+----+-----+---------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

与 READ-COMMITTED 不同的是,在 Client 2 不提交事务的情况下,Client 1 也能读到其他事务插入的数据,即脏数据或者说产生了“脏读”。在一个事务期间读到了另一个事务在未提交之前产生的数据,那么第一个事务就读到了脏数据,产生了对第二个事务未提交数据的依赖,如果第二个事务回滚,那么第一个事务读到的数据是错误的脏数据。

“脏读”与“幻读”、“不可重复读”的区别是:幻读是读取结果集条数的对比,一个事务按相同的查询条件查询之前检索过的数据,发现检索出来的结果集条数变多或者减少(由其他事务插入、删除的),类似产生幻觉。

不可重复读是读取的数据本身的对比,一个事务在读取某些数据后的一段时间后,再次读取这个数据,发现其读取出来的数据内容已经发生了改变,就是不可重复读。

 

step 5:

Client 2 回滚事务:

mysql> rollback;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> select * from transaction_test;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

 

step 6:

Client 1 查询表数据:

mysql> select * from transaction_test;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

空表。

 

0x04、SERIALIZABLE(序列化)

step 1:

Client 1 下清空表,设置隔离级别:

mysql> truncate table transaction_test;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.21 sec)

mysql> set @@session.tx_isolation ='SERIALIZABLE';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select @@global.tx_isolation, @@session.tx_isolation;
+-----------------------+------------------------+
| @@global.tx_isolation | @@session.tx_isolation |
+-----------------------+------------------------+
| REPEATABLE-READ       | SERIALIZABLE           |
+-----------------------+------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

 

step 2:

Client 1 开启事务,查询表:

mysql> start transaction;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from transaction_test;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

 

step 3:

Client 2 开启事务,向表中插入数据:

mysql> start transaction;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into transaction_test (val) values ('x'),('y'),('z');
ERROR 1205 (HY000): Lock wait timeout exceeded; try restarting transaction

此时 Client 2 插入数据(INSERT 操作)会被阻塞,直到第一个(Client 1)事务提交后,Client 2 的插入操作才能完成。

 

step 4:

Client 1 提交事务:

mysql> commit;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

 

step 5:

Client 2 插入数据:

mysql> insert into transaction_test (val) values ('x'),('y'),('z');
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 3  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from transaction_test;
+----+-----+---------------------+
| id | val | created             |
+----+-----+---------------------+
|  4 | x   | 2017-02-06 00:54:17 |
|  5 | y   | 2017-02-06 00:54:17 |
|  6 | z   | 2017-02-06 00:54:17 |
+----+-----+---------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

参考:

[MySQL]对于事务并发处理带来的问题,脏读、不可重复读、幻读的理解

posted @ 2017-02-06 00:55  nemo20  阅读(851)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报
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