解决python报错：ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_sysconfigdata_x86_64_conda_linux_gnu'

技术背景

在上一篇博客中执行过conda的更新以及用conda安装了gxx_linux-64之后，再执行pip的一些指令时，就会给出如下所示的报错：

$ python3 -m pip list
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/runpy.py", line 194, in _run_module_as_main
    return _run_code(code, main_globals, None,
  File "/home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/runpy.py", line 87, in _run_code
    exec(code, run_globals)
  File "/home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/__main__.py", line 29, in <module>
    from pip._internal.cli.main import main as _main
  File "/home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/main.py", line 9, in <module>
    from pip._internal.cli.autocompletion import autocomplete
  File "/home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/autocompletion.py", line 10, in <module>
    from pip._internal.cli.main_parser import create_main_parser
  File "/home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/main_parser.py", line 8, in <module>
    from pip._internal.cli import cmdoptions
  File "/home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/cmdoptions.py", line 23, in <module>
    from pip._internal.cli.parser import ConfigOptionParser
  File "/home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/parser.py", line 12, in <module>
    from pip._internal.configuration import Configuration, ConfigurationError
  File "/home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_internal/configuration.py", line 27, in <module>
    from pip._internal.utils.misc import ensure_dir, enum
  File "/home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/misc.py", line 42, in <module>
    from pip._internal.locations import get_major_minor_version, site_packages, user_site
  File "/home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_internal/locations/__init__.py", line 9, in <module>
    from . import _distutils, _sysconfig
  File "/home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_internal/locations/_distutils.py", line 18, in <module>
    from .base import get_major_minor_version
  File "/home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_internal/locations/base.py", line 14, in <module>
    site_packages = sysconfig.get_path("purelib")  # type: typing.Optional[str]
  File "/home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/sysconfig.py", line 521, in get_path
    return get_paths(scheme, vars, expand)[name]
  File "/home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/sysconfig.py", line 511, in get_paths
    return _expand_vars(scheme, vars)
  File "/home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/sysconfig.py", line 172, in _expand_vars
    _extend_dict(vars, get_config_vars())
  File "/home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/sysconfig.py", line 559, in get_config_vars
    _init_posix(_CONFIG_VARS)
  File "/home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/sysconfig.py", line 430, in _init_posix
    _temp = __import__(name, globals(), locals(), ['build_time_vars'], 0)
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_sysconfigdata_x86_64_conda_linux_gnu'

问题定位与解决

经过一圈的检索，最后对问题的出现原因定位为：在某一个版本的python中丢失了一个备份文件，通常在同一个版本的python下会有两个相同的_sysconfigdata_x86_64_conda_cos6_linux_gnu.py文件和_sysconfigdata_x86_64_conda_linux_gnu.py文件。而在某些程序的运行过程中会依赖于其中的一个，因此我们需要做的就是检索系统中是否存在有这两个文件：

$ sudo find ~ -name _sysconfigdata_x86_64*
[sudo] dechin 的密码： 
/home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/_sysconfigdata_x86_64_apple_darwin13_4_0.py
/home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/__pycache__/_sysconfigdata_x86_64_apple_darwin13_4_0.cpython-38.pyc
/home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/_sysconfigdata_x86_64_conda_cos6_linux_gnu.py

这里我们发现当前使用的python3.8路径下只有一个_sysconfigdata_x86_64_conda_cos6_linux_gnu.py文件而没有_sysconfigdata_x86_64_conda_linux_gnu.py文件，因此我们只需要讲该文件拷贝一份即可：

$ cp /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/_sysconfigdata_x86_64_conda_cos6_linux_gnu.py /home/dechin/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/_sysconfigdata_x86_64_conda_linux_gnu.py

此时再重新执行pip的指令：

$ python3 -m pip listPackage                            Version
---------------------------------- -----------------
absl-py                            0.13.0
adamod                             0.0.3
affinity                           0.1.0
alabaster                          0.7.12
anaconda-client                    1.8.0
anaconda-navigator                 1.10.0
anaconda-project                   0.10.1
anyio                              2.2.0
...

成功运行，问题解决。